1. Search classical Chinese, Ming Dynasty. Translation of Yang Zhuo's biography

History of Ming Dynasty·Volume 52·Biography 28·Biography of Yang Zhuo Original text Yang Zhuo, courtesy name Zili, was born in Taihe.

He was a Jinshi in the fourth year of Hongwu and was awarded the title of head of the Ministry of Personnel. Over the years, he moved to Guangdong Province as a member of the provincial government.

Tian’s wife was walking alone in the mountains when she encountered a woodcutter and wanted to cause trouble. If the woman disobeys, she will be killed.

The officers tortured twenty of the same soldiers, and they all surrendered. Zhuo said: "There are many soldiers, and they must be good and evil. Can they all be punished?" There were twenty people in the court, and they had known each other for a long time. He pointed to the two soldiers and said: "You are the murderer!" The two soldiers were shocked and admitted their guilt. .

He was relegated to Tian Fengyang, and later became the general magistrate of Hangzhou. There were brothers who were fighting for a piece of land. After years of indecision, Zhuo Zhi broke down in tears and issued an edict, so he stopped fighting.

Excellent officials cannot be bullied. If the government is fair and forgiving, the people will be happy and convinced.

Disease-free, death. Translation Yang Zhuo, whose courtesy name is Zili, is from Taihe County.

In the fourth year of Hongwu's reign (1372), Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty passed the Jinshi examination and was awarded the official position of head of the Ministry of Personnel. A year later, he was promoted to Yuanwailang of Guangdong Province.

There was a rural woman walking alone in the mountains. She met a soldier who entered the mountains to cut wood and wanted to kill her. The woman refused and was killed by the soldiers.

Local officials tortured twenty soldiers who were involved in the matter with the soldier ***, and all of them pleaded guilty. Yang Zhuo said: "With so many soldiers, there must be some good and some evil. How can they all be punished?" (So) he asked twenty soldiers to stand in the courtyard, (he) looked at them carefully for a long time, (finally) ) pointed at two of the soldiers and said, "You are the ones who killed me!" The two soldiers were shocked and confessed.

Later Yang Zhuo was demoted to Fengyang because of his crime, and later he was appointed as the general judge of Hangzhou. There were brothers in the local area who had a lawsuit over their fields, but there had been no verdict for many years. After Yang Zhuo arrived, he shed tears and enlightened them, so they gave up the lawsuit.

Yang Zhuo was good at official duties, and no one dared to deceive him. He was fair and tolerant in politics, and the people were convinced by him.

Later he was dismissed from his post due to serious illness and died (soon). Note 1. Colleague: *** thing.

It means participating in the war together. This refers to ***'s participation in this matter.

"Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Third Year of Duke Zhao": "Seven countries serve together but have different aspirations; they are handsome but humble but unable to rectify them; and without great authority, Chu can be defeated." 2. To persuade: also To "lead ambush".

Plea guilty, plead guilty. "Book of Wei·Biography of Fan Zihu": "Peng Mu, the prefect of Taishan, behaved inappropriately as a counselor. Zihu reprimanded Mu and listed his crimes, but Mu led him to ambush him."

"Zizhi Tongjian·Jin" "In the Second Year of Emperor Mu's Shengping": "The plunder and control are becoming increasingly urgent. I am worried about it. I have a private messenger to say to Duan: 'Life is going to be a death, how can Chu poison be like this! It is better to lead.'" "Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian" ·The first year of Xining, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty": "There is no word to say anything about it, but I can only lead myself to ambush." ??

Ma Yu of the Ming Dynasty, "Ma Shi's Rizhao·Xu Shangshu": "There is a certain rich man from a wealthy family. He took over the property of a certain person in his hometown and falsely accused him of his life. He was tortured and plundered, so he surrendered. "3. Offense: receive corresponding punishment for committing a crime.

"Lu Shi Chun Qiu·Zhi Jian": "The king is not flogged, which is to abolish the order of the previous king. I would rather blame the king than the previous king."

" "Historical Records: The Benji of Emperor Gaozu": "Those who kill people die, and those who hurt others and steal are not guilty." Sima Zhensuo Yin: "To resist, it is appropriate.

It means that each envoy should bear his own crime." Song Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan" ·Guanzheng 1": "There are countless people who risk the prohibition to pay for their crimes."

"Jian Deng Xin Hua·Linghu Shengming Menglu": "First I said that corrupt officials in the world are subject to the law of wealth. The rich get everything by taking bribes, and the poor pay for their sins with nothing. How could it be worse in the underworld? "The second scene of Xu Dishan's "The Murderer": "The murder was done by the villain, and he has nothing to do with the villain's brother Sun Rong. Involved, willing to surrender to pay the crime. "4. Plea: Admit guilt.

"Xunzi·Junzi": "Although he fled in hiding, there was no way to avoid it, so he did not plead guilty and plead guilty." "Historical Records: The Family of Three Kings": "So King Dan of Yan was afraid to plead guilty. Kowtowed and thanked.

"

Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Congratulations to Zhang Pu of Xuzhou for Shooting the White Rabbit": "It is not a matter of animals to stand upright and arch. It is not a matter of beasts; to obey others after revolution is to accept the crime. "A Warning to the World: Zhao Taizu's Thousand Miles to See Off Jing Niang": "When the young master saw Chen Ming among the crowd, he called out and asked: 'Are you the one who came to steal the horse last night?" ’ Chen Ming kowtowed and admitted his crime. "

5. Sitting on the job: being punished for the crime. "Hanshu·Rulinzhuan·Liangqiu He": "When he was congratulating, he was the commander of the capital, and he was sitting on the job, so he was exempted from being a commoner. "

"Book of Zhou·Biography of the Empress·Xuan Emperor and Empress Zhu": "The name of Emperor Xuan and Empress Zhu is Man Yue, and she is a native of Wu. His family was busy doing business and did not enter the East Palace. "

Ming Shen Defu's "Supplement to Yehuo's Collection·Juxiang·Bingdi Gua": "Not many melons were produced, and the brothers were killed in the market. "6. Kaiyu: also known as "kaiyu".

Enlightenment, explanation; advice. "Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi, Lu Yi's Biography": "When the soldiers fled to their deaths, they risked each other again, and there were many tricks and tricks.

When Yi came to the palace, he guarded against the ban and opened metaphors to persuade him. Within a few years, more than 10,000 leaks came out of his mouth. "The Letters from Kaitian" written by Zheng Ji of the Tang Dynasty: "The kings were sick, and they would not eat all day long or sleep all night long. They were worried about their appearance and appearance. They would sometimes give orders to eat, saying: 'Brother, I have limbs and limbs.'

If I don’t take care of my limbs, my body will be ruined. '" "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio·Jiangcheng" by Pu Songling of the Qing Dynasty: "Fan came into the house and gave lots of instructions, but the girl never listened. "

7. Pingshu: Pingshu: Pingshu. "Northern History·Zhao Chuo Biography": "At that time, Xue Zhou was the minister of Dali in Hedong, and he was named Pingshu. "

Tang Wu Jing's "Zhenguan Politicians: Fairness": "In ancient times, the person who was called the most public person was the one who was fair, forgiving and selfless. "Ming Fang Xiaoru's "Du Tuiguan Praise": "Strict nature, but easy to deal with in prison. "

"Awakening Words·Li Mian met a knight in his poor residence": "Li Mian is the only one who is different from other captains. He only advocates mercy and forgiveness, and ignores all cruel punishments." "8. Yuefu: also known as "Yuefu".

Heart-felt and sincerely convinced. "Book·Wucheng": "Da Lai is spread all over the world and all the people are happy." "

Kong Yingda Shu: "Joy means joy, obedience means obedience. "Han Huankuan's "Salt and Iron Theory: This Discussion": "Those who are close are close to each other, while those who are far away are convinced. "

Volume 2 of Liu Chongyuan of the Southern Tang Dynasty's "Jin Hua Zi Miscellaneous Collection": "The military guards are strict, chickens and dogs are not scratched, and the soldiers are happy to subjugate themselves. "History of the Ming Dynasty·Tao An's Biography": "When the Ming Dynasty crossed the river, the gods did not kill, the people were convinced, and they obeyed the heavens and the people, so they carried out the attack, and the world was not at peace." "

Guo Moruo's "Lu Xun and Wang Guowei": "Although Zhang Taiyan was not necessarily convinced by Lu Xun in his later years, his revolutionary spirit and scholarly attitude in his early years undoubtedly had a profound influence on Lu Xun. 9. Dismissal from illness: dismissal from office due to illness.

"Historical Records·Biography of Sima Xiangru": "Xiangru was cured of illness and lived in Maoling." "Book of Han·Praise to Yang Xiong": "Xiong was freed from illness and was called back to be a doctor." "

Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty's "Oubei Poetry·Baixiangshan Poetry": "I was granted the title of Governor of Suzhou, and within one year, I was exempted from illness; Three years later, he returned from illness again. ". 2. The original translation of part of the Biography of Dai Zhou in the Old Book of Tang Dynasty is as follows

Dai Zhou, courtesy name Xuanyin, was born in Anyang, Xiangzhou. He was a loyal and upright character, smart and strong-willed, and he was relatively familiar with laws and regulations, especially He was good at sorting out various documents and books. In the first year of Zhenguan, he was promoted to Shaoqing of Dali. Once, Sun Wuji, the Minister of Civil Affairs, was summoned by Taizong and entered the Dongshang Pavilion without taking off his sword. Shangshu Zuo She Feng Deyi was convicted: The captain of the prison gate did not notice and should be sentenced to death; Changsun Wuji accidentally brought a knife in and was fined 20 kilograms of brass to atone for his crime. Dai Zhou retorted: "The captain of the prison gate did not notice and Zhang Sun." Wuji entered the forbidden area without taking off his saber. It was just a mistake by both of them. However, mistakes cannot be used as an excuse for the words and deeds of ministers in front of the emperor. The code clearly stipulates that any decoction, food, or boat used by the emperor, even if it is a mistake, must be put to death. If His Majesty cares about his merits, it is beyond the jurisdiction of the judicial department; if it is to be based on the law, it is not consistent to only fine Changsun Wuji money. Taizong said: "The law is not my law, but the law of the world." How could one favor Zhangsun Wuji just because he was a relative of the emperor? "So he ordered a new discussion on the two men's crimes.

Feng Deyi still insisted on his original opinion, and Emperor Taizong planned to obey. Dai Zhou added: "The prison captain committed a crime because of Changsun Wuji. According to the law, he should be given a lighter sentence. If it is a mistake, the situation of both people is the same, but the difference between the sentence and death is life. I took the liberty of insisting that you understand what I am saying." The emperor commended Dai Zhou and finally exempted the prison captain from the death penalty.

At that time, the imperial court was starting elections, and some scholars falsely reported their qualifications, family background, or forged certificates. The emperor ordered them to surrender, but those who did not surrender would be executed if discovered. Soon, the deeds of a false official who obtained the official position were exposed. Dai Zhou was sentenced to exile in accordance with the law and reported to the emperor. The emperor asked: "I ordered that those who do not surrender will be put to death if found, but you are now sentenced to exile. This shows to the world that I am a dishonest person. Did you take bribes and misjudge the case?" Dai Zhou said: "Your Majesty If you kill him immediately, it is beyond my power. But since it has been handed over to me, how can I dare to break the law? "The emperor said: "You should abide by the law, but you let me break my trust in the world? Dai Zhou said: "The law is used by the state to announce the greatest credibility to the world. Your words were just to vent your temporary emotions. Your majesty allowed him to be killed out of a momentary emotion. Later, he knew that he could not do so." He was escorted to Dali Temple to be punished according to law. This is to restrain his personal emotions and retain great credibility. If he deviates from the credibility due to the law, I will feel sorry for your majesty. "The emperor said: "There is something omitted in the law. And if you can help make up for it, I won't have any worries." Dai Zhou has done many such things for many offenses.

Hope to adopt it 3. Classical Chinese translation of the biography of Zhong Ya in the Book of Jin

Translation: Zhong Ya, courtesy name Yanzhou, was born in Changshe, Yingchuan.

Zhong Ya lost his father when he was young. He was fond of learning and talented. He was recommended for his four talents and virtues and was appointed Ruyang Order. Later he entered the court and served as Zuozhu Lang. He left his job in mourning for his mother's death and was reinstated after the period of mourning.

After Zhong Ya escaped the war and crossed the Yangtze River eastward, Emperor Yuan Emperor Sima Yue appointed him to serve as the Prime Minister's Record Office and join the army, and was promoted to General Zhenwei. Soon after, he was transferred to Minister Youcheng.

At that time, a sacrifice was held in the Ancestral Temple, and Zhong Ya presented a memorial: "The number of generations that your Majesty will inherit should be a great-great-grandson for Lord Jingzhao. However, today's blessing refers to himself as a great-grandson. I'm worried that this is The mistakes in inheritance should be corrected. In addition, according to etiquette, the grandfather's brother was called Shizong because of his merits, and he did not enter the ancestral temple as an uncle. The word "uncle" should be removed. "The emperor issued an edict: "According to etiquette, when serving in the ancestral temple, everyone from the great-grandson onwards is called the great-grandson. This is not a mistake in following the tradition.

This title can be used by all dynasties and does not need to be changed. As for calling him uncle, it is indeed inappropriate, according to Zhong Ya's opinion."

Zhong Ya was transferred to the position of Lieutenant Commander of the Northern Army. When Qian Feng rebelled, Zhong Ya was granted the title of General Guangwu and led his soldiers to garrison Qingyi.

At that time, Zhou Xi, a native of Guangde County, raised troops to attack Zhong Ya for Qian Feng. Zhong Ya retreated to Jing County, gathered scholars and people, attacked Zhou Xi, and beheaded him. After the death of Emperor Ming, Zhong Ya was appointed as Yushi Zhongcheng.

At that time, the anniversary of the national mourning was not yet over, and Shangshu Mei Tao privately invited geishas to perform for entertainment. Zhong Ya impeached him and said: "Meitao did not have the integrity to be loyal and admired by ministers. He was extravagant in his family and geishas. The sound of silk and bamboo orchestras spread to the road. He should be exiled and dismissed in order to rectify the king's law and request that he be handed over to Situ for fair comment. "

Empress Mu came to the court to handle political affairs. Specifically pardoned and not prosecuted for the crime of condemning Metao. Zhong Ya enforces the law fairly, punishes and corrects violations of laws, and all officials are afraid of him.

Su Jun rebelled, and the emperor ordered Zhong Ya to serve as the vanguard and supervisor of the army. During the holidays, he led a thousand elite warriors to resist Su Jun. Soon the imperial army was defeated, and Zhong Ya and Liu Chao guarded the emperor together.

Someone said to Zhong Ya: "It is the ancient common sense to make progress when conditions permit and to retreat when difficulties arise.

Your character is honest and upright, and you will definitely not be tolerated by your enemies. Why don't you act according to the opportunity and just sit and wait for death? Zhong Ya said: "The country is in chaos and cannot be corrected. The king is in danger and cannot be rescued. Everyone is running away to avoid disaster. I am afraid that the historian Dong Hu will arrive holding the bamboo slips that write history." "

Before Yu Liang left, he turned back to Zhong Ya and said, "I sincerely entrust the affairs of the court to you. Zhong Ya said: "The pillars are broken, whose fault is it?" Yu Liang said: "There is no need to talk about the matter at hand. You should hope to have the credit of recovering the country." "

When Su Jun forced the capital to be moved, the emperor drove to Stone City. Zhong Ya and Liu Chao followed the emperor on foot in tears. The next year, both of them were killed by rebels.

After the rebels were pacified, Zhong Ya was posthumously awarded the title of Guang Luxun. The Huodi Jin hexagram mentioned in the "Book of Changes" is different from the Huodi Jin hexagram in the "Book of Changes". Before the Tang Dynasty, there were eighteen Jin books handed down, among which three Jin books, Shen Yue, Zheng Zhong, and Yu Xian, had been handed down. Except for the ones that have been lost, the rest still exist.

At that time, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty believed that these Jin histories had various flaws and that "although they were produced in large quantities, they were not perfect", so he issued an edict to revise them in the 20th year of Zhenguan (646). "Jin Shu", Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said in the "Edict to Revise the Book of Jin": "It's great, the historical books are for use." This means that the role of historical books is very important! Six of the "Twenty-Five Histories" were compiled during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty.

His edict was to instruct the Royal History Museum to rewrite a "Book of Jin" during Li Shimin's reign. In addition to Jin books, Li Shimin compiled historical books of previous dynasties, including Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Zhou, and Sui dynasties. Li Shimin chose Jin books to write his historical treatise, mainly because the Western Jin Dynasty was a unified dynasty, which ended the Three Kingdoms period for decades.

However, its unification was short-lived. Soon there was a great melee in the Central Plains. After that, the long-term confrontation between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Southern Dynasties and the Northern Dynasties was formed. The founder of the unified Tang Dynasty wanted to explore the rise and fall of the Jin Dynasty as a reference.

For this reason, Sima Yihe, the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, completed the cause of unification. Sima Yan was regarded as the main research object. The "Book of Jin" was supervised by Fang Xuanling and others, and a group of historians and scholars were organized to use the "Book of Jin" written by Zang Rongxu, a native of Qi in the Southern Dynasties, as the model, and also referred to other Jin histories. and related works, "collecting dozens of canons and miscellaneous works", and also quoting historical books written by sixteen countries. It was written from the 20th year of Zhenguan (646) to the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648), which lasted less than three years. .

Twenty-one people participated in the compilation, including Fang Xuanling, Chu Suiliang, and Xu Jingzong. Tang Taizong personally edited the "Xuan Emperor Ji" and "Wudi Ji" in the "Book of Jin". "The Biography of Lu Ji" and "The Biography of Wang Xizhi" have written historical treatises respectively.

Compared with other histories in the Twenty-Five Histories, "Book of Jin" has four characteristics: 1. There are many authors. p>

There are twenty-one authors of "Book of Jin", and all of them have left their names. This is rare in the history compilation work of previous dynasties. Therefore, it is an important reason for surpassing other Jin histories.

2. The "Book of Jin" has thirty volumes of records.

The records record the Huns. The political power established by the rulers of ethnic minorities such as Xianbei, Jie, Di and Qiang is in the form of the historical events of the "Sixteen Kingdoms". This is a creation of the "Book of Jin" in the style of biographical history books. As an integral part of the book, "Jin Shu Zai Ji" not only enriches the style of biographical history books, but also has far-reaching significance in expressing the historical appearance of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms period, an important stage in the historical development of a multi-ethnic country.

3. Make up for the shortcomings of old history. "Three Kingdoms" has records and biographies but no ambitions, while most of the ambitions in "Book of Jin" were written from the Three Kingdoms period.

There is much ink about Cao Wei's farming, building water conservancy to develop agriculture, managing the northwest, and the land occupation system of the Jin Dynasty.

"Shihuo Zhi" talks about the economic development of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, which can make up for the shortcomings of "Book of the Later Han" and "Three Kingdoms".

4. Complete records. The histories of the Jin Dynasty before the Tang Dynasty may only record the historical events of the Western Jin Dynasty, or they may record the historical events of the two Jin Dynasties, but they have no special focus on the historical events of the Sixteen Kingdoms. 4. Classical Chinese translation of "The Biography of Yang Zhuo"

Yang Zhuo, courtesy name Zili, was born in Taihe.

In the fourth year of Hongwu's reign, he became a Jinshi and was appointed as the head of the Ministry of Personnel. A year later, he moved to Guangdong Province as Yuanwailang.

The peasant woman was walking alone in the mountains and was confused when she met a logging soldier. The wife disagreed and was killed.

The government tortured twenty other soldiers who were serving with him, and they all pleaded guilty. Zhuo said: "There are many soldiers, and there must be good and evil. Can they all be punished?" He lined up in the court with twenty people, looked at them carefully for a long time, pointed to the two soldiers and said, "The murderer is yours!" The two men were shocked. Plea guilty.

After being convicted, he was demoted to Fengyang Farming, and then appointed as the general magistrate of Hangzhou. There were brothers who were fighting for a piece of land and had been undecided for many years. Zhuo Dao wept and enlightened them, so they stopped arguing.

Yang Zhuo is good at official affairs and cannot be deceived by officials. And if society is just, people will be convinced. 5. Translation of Dai Zhou’s Remonstrance to Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (read the original text clearly

Dali Shaoqing Dai Zhou did not execute these people according to the instructions of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty during the trial, but exiled them according to the "Tang Law" Border.

Tang Taizong was very angry and asked Dai Zhou: I have said that those who do not surrender will die. Why do you sentence them to death? Do you want to be jailed? Dai Zhou replied: If your Majesty kills him immediately, I will not be able to handle it. Since you have entrusted this case to me, I will not dare to act in violation of the law. Do you want me to break my trust in the world? Dai Zhou made an impassioned speech: "The law is the reason why the country spreads great trust to the world; the speaker is the reason for the joy and anger at that time.

Your Majesty issued a statement to the world. If you are angry and promise to kill him, but you know it is not possible and then put him to the law, this is to endure a small anger and maintain a great faith. If you obey the anger and violate the trust, I will cherish it for your majesty."

These words of Dai Zhou. After finally convincing Tang Taizong, Tang Taizong turned his anger into joy and said: I have shortcomings in law enforcement. If you can correct it, what do I have to worry about? 6. The full text of the Biography of Dai Zhou in the Old Tang Dynasty is urgently translated

<. p> Dai Zhou, courtesy name Xuanyin, was a man of steadfast character, smart and upright, and good at sorting out all kinds of documents. In the early years of Zhenguan, Dali Temple was short of a deputy. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty said: "The case is related to a person's life and death. Dai Zhou is an upright and upright person." He appointed Dai Zhou as the Shaoqing of Dali that day. One day, Changsun Wuji was summoned by Taizong and entered the Dongshang Pavilion without taking off his sword. Shangshu Zuopu shot Feng Deyi and convicted him: the captain of the prison gate did not notice and should be sentenced to death. Changsun Wuji paid a fine to atone for his crime. Dai Zhou retorted: "The nature of the crime committed by the captain of the prison gate and Changsun Wuji was It is the same. No matter what the ministers say or do, they cannot emphasize any mistakes in front of the emperor. The code clearly stipulates that if the emperor's decoctions, food, and boats are used, even if they make mistakes, they will be punished by death. , it is okay to forgive him. If you only punish Changsun Wuji, but execute the prison captain, this sentence cannot be said to be in compliance with the provisions of the code." Tang Taizong said: "The law is owned by everyone, how can I favor the emperor. Where are the relatives?" So he ordered the two men's crimes to be discussed again. Feng Deyi insisted on his opinion, and Emperor Taizong planned to agree. Dai Zhou hurriedly argued: "It cannot be done this way. The prison captain was convicted because of Changsun Wuji. According to the law, the punishment should be lighter. If it is all a mistake, only the prison guard should not be executed." Therefore, both Changsun Wuji and the prison guard were pardoned.

At that time, he participated in the crime. Scholars gathered in the capital to select officials. Some of them falsely reported their qualifications, family background or documents in the hope of obtaining appointments. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty ordered that such people be allowed to surrender; if they did not surrender, they would be executed soon after verification. , the behavior of a fake person who obtained the official position was exposed. After the evidence of the crime was complete, Dai Zhou was sentenced to exile in accordance with the law.

For Taizong, the important thing was to accept the remonstrance, not the content of the remonstrance. What is significant is that for Confucian intellectuals, especially civil servants, the important thing is only to receive advice, not to implement the content of the advice, because what they need is just a "representative of destiny with a bland personality." Therefore, in the Confucian political ideal, the entire significance of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty is just a utopia of "inner sage and outer king" that seeks second best. As for the rule of Zhenguan, after excluding those "deifications" that are sufficient for others, there is only a perfect formalist performance. 8. Read the following classical Chinese text to complete 7

9.D

10.A

11.C

12.⑴ If the favor and prestige can be achieved, in terms of the situation where foreigners from far away come to pay tribute, it is the same as in the early days of Zhenguan. Year-to-year comparisons are incomparable. (4 points, 1 point each for "plus", "compared to the beginning of Zhenguan" and "level", 1 point for smooth meaning of the sentence)

⑵According to the law, it is not a crime of death, and uncontrolled punishment cannot be allowed punishment. (2 points, 1 point each for "Dharma" and "Nothing")

⑶ People suffer from not being able to detect their own problems. When you didn't talk about it just now, I thought that what I was doing had not changed. I will wait until I hear you. After analysis, I realized that my mistake was surprising enough. (4 points, 1 point each for "unconsciously suffering", "xiang" and "kan", 1 point for smooth meaning of the sentence)

9. Judgment.

10. They all mean "because". In item B, the former means succession, and the latter means progression; in item C, the former is the preposition "in" and the latter is the preposition "for"; in item D, the former is a pronoun, standing for "everyone", and the latter is an auxiliary, used between subject and predicate. time, canceling the independence of sentences.

11. Tang Taizong wanted to kill Liu Xiong, not Dai Zhou.

12. ⑴ "Add", "Bi Yu Zhenguan Zhi" and "Level" each have 1 point, and the meaning of the sentence is 1 point.

⑵ 1 point each for “Dharma” and “Nothing”.

⑶ 1 point each for “unconscious suffering”, “xiang” and “kan”, and 1 point for smooth meaning of the sentence.

Reference translation:

In the eleventh year of Zhenguan, Taizong said to Wei Zheng: "How are the gains and losses of my recent actions and political enlightenment compared to before?" Wei Zheng replied: "If In terms of the prestige of benevolence and the fact that foreigners from far away came to pay tribute, it cannot be compared with that in the early years of Zhenguan. "It's very different." Taizong said: "The people from far away came to surrender because of their virtue and righteousness. Why were their achievements in the past greater?" Wei Zheng said: "In the past, when the world was not stable, it was always because of virtue and righteousness. Soon, due to the peace and quiet in the country, the mood of arrogance and complacency gradually increased. Therefore, although his achievements were great, his morality and justice were still not as good as those in the early years of Zhenguan. "Taizong asked again, "What are the differences between what he did in Zhenguan?" In the early years, I was worried that others would not give advice, and I guided everyone to give advice. After three years, I was happy to accept and obey others' advice. In the past one or two years, I didn't like others' advice. Although I tried hard to listen and accept it, I was still unhappy in my heart. Taizong asked: "In what matters is this true?" Wei Zheng replied: "In the early days of his accession, Lawyer Yuan was sentenced to death. Sun Fujia advised: 'According to the law, it is not a death penalty. Allowing uncontrolled and severe punishment, His Majesty rewarded him with the Princess Lanling Garden, worth ten thousand yuan. Some people said: "What Sun Fujia said is a general truth, and the reward is too generous." His Majesty said at that time: "Since I came to the throne, no one has remonstrated, so I rewarded him." This is to guide everyone to remonstrate. Liu Xiong, the governor of Xuzhou, arrogantly granted salary levels to those left in the Sui Dynasty. Someone accused him. , His Majesty ordered Liu Xiong to confess, and if he didn't confess, he would be convicted. Liu Xiong always insisted that he was dealing with the truth, but he refused to confess. After Dali Temple found out about Liu Xiong's fraud, he would be sentenced to death. Shaoqing Dai. Zhou reported that according to the law, he should only be sentenced to imprisonment. His Majesty said: "I have finished judging Liu Xiong, and he should only be sentenced to death." Dai Zhou said: "Since your Majesty does not think my words are correct, please hand me over immediately." Go to the judiciary. Those who are guilty do not deserve death, and torture cannot be used indiscriminately.

’ His Majesty was very angry and sent people to kill Liu Xiong. Dai Zhou held on and held on for four or five times before pardoning Liu Xiong. So I said to the people in the judicial department: 'As long as I can stick to the law like this, why should I be afraid of abusing the punishment and killing the Yi people? ’ This is to accept advice with joy. In previous years, the Prime Minister of Shaanxi County, Deshen, wrote a letter that violated the Holy Spirit's will, and His Majesty considered it a slander. I wrote that if the letter is not fierce and urgent, it cannot inspire the monarch's will. If the letter is strong and urgent, it is similar to slander. At that time, although he listened to my words and was rewarded with twenty kinds of items, he felt very uncomfortable mentally, which made it difficult for him to accept the advice. Taizong said, "It's exactly what you said. No one can say such a thing except you." People suffer from not being able to detect their own faults. Before you talked about it just now, I thought that what I was doing had not changed. But after listening to your explanation, my mistake was already shocking. As long as you remain loyal like this, I will never go against your words. ”