Editor of this paragraph Zhou Dunyi

Zhou Dunyi (117~173) was a thinker, philosopher of the Northern Song Dynasty. Formerly known as Dunshi, he avoided the old British Sect and changed to Dunyi. Uncle Mao, whose name is Lianxi, was born in Yingdao County, Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). In his later years, he settled under the Lotus Peak in Lushan Mountain, and named the brook and the study hall in front of the hall after the water named Lianxi in his hometown, so he was called Mr. Lianxi, and Yuan Gong was his posthumous title. He, together with Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, is called the "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty". Zheng Xiang, a bachelor of Longtuge, was appointed as the master book of Fenning (Xiushui), transferred the manager of Nan 'an Army to join the army, moved to Guiyang, moved to Nanchang, and passed the sentence through Hezhou Judge and Qianzhou. When Xi Ning first learned about Chenzhou, he was transferred to Guangdong as a judge, and he was sentenced to a prison. Everywhere I go, I have achieved a lot. "In Hezhou County for four years, people are convinced, and the officials dare not make a decision without the hands of their husbands." In his later years, he knew Nankang Army, where he ruled today Xingzi County. I once visited Lushan Mountain and was attracted by its landscape. In his self-composed poem, I said, "I have loved Lushan Mountain for a long time, and I have bought fields and mountains in the shade." Because the house was built under the Lotus Peak of Lushan Mountain, there was a stream in front of it, which merged with the Ganjiang River. It was named after the former residence of Yingdao, Lianxi, and then settled here, and the tomb of Zheng Mujun, the mother who was originally in her hometown, was moved and buried in Sanqishan Mountain, Qingquan Society, Lushan Mountain. Dunyi died and was buried next to his mother's grave. Later, the descendants lived in Jiangzhou, and the descendants continued.

Zhou Dunxi

Zhou Dunyi was the founder of Neo-Confucianism in China, and his Neo-Confucianism thought played a connecting role in the history of China philosophy. Huang Zongxi, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, said in his case of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty: "After Confucius, Han Confucianism only learned to pass on the classics, and it was a long time since then. The rise of Yuan Gong, the successor of Cheng Cheng ... If we discuss the subtlety of mind, nature and justice, we will break the darkness of several Yuan Gong. " He inherited the Book of Changes and some Taoism and Taoist thoughts, and put forward a simple and systematic theory of universe composition, saying that "infinite and Tai Chi", "Tai Chi" moves quietly, resulting in everything of yin and yang. "Everything is born with endless changes, but people have to show their beauty and be the most spiritual ("Taiji Illustration ")." The sage also imitated "Tai Chi" to establish "human pole". "People's extreme" means "sincerity", which is the "wood of the five permanent members, the source of a hundred lines, and the highest realm of morality". Only through the main static, no desire, can we achieve this realm. In the next 7 years, it has had a wide academic influence. His philosophical categories, such as infinity, Tai Chi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Movement, Life, Good and Evil, have become the research topics of later Neo-Confucianism.

When I was a teenager, I read his "Ailian Shuo", a famous article.

Editing this paragraph Shao Yong

Shao Yong (111 ~ 177) was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. The word Yaofu, posthumous title Kangjie, was born in North Song Zhenzong for four years, that is, in 111 AD, and died in 177 AD, at the age of 67. He was born in Fanyang, Hebei Province, and later moved to * * * with his father, and lived in seclusion in Luoyang in his later years. Shao Yong, though not as well-known as Zhu Gekongming in the Three Kingdoms, is no less than Zhuge Liang in terms of talent and morality. However, because of long-term seclusion, the name is not known to future generations. Cheng Hao, one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, once praised after discussing with Shao Yong: "Yao Fu, he learned to be a sage inside and a king outside! "People called" Shao Fuzi "and" Mr. Jia ". It was buried 2 kilometers west of Xicun Village, Pingxiang Township, Yichuan County, Luoyang City. The cemetery was announced as a key cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province in 1964. Equal Shao Fuzi Society restored Anle Academy, and under the initiative of Chang Anjia, established Yichuan County Shao Yong Research Association. This year is the Millennium birthday of Shao Yong, and a large-scale event will be held. At present, people pay wide attention to the square in front of Anlejia City (cemetery), hardening roads, planting trees and introducing water sources.

As a teenager, Shao Yong was ambitious, made a determined effort to study hard and read everything. According to the biography of Shao Yong, the history of the Song Dynasty, Shao Yong "began to learn, that is, he worked hard and worked hard, did not cook in the cold, did not fan in the summer, and did not sit out at night for several years." "Later, in order to increase his knowledge, he also traveled around, crossing the Yellow River, Fenhe River, Huai River, Han River, Qi, Lu, Song, Zheng and other places. After he came back, he said," Tao is right. "So he stopped traveling. At that time, there was an expert Li Tingzhi. Seeing that he was tireless in learning, he taught him the secrets of Yi studies such as River Map, Luoshu and Fuxi Bagua. With Shao Yong's intelligence, he mastered everything and became a master of Yi Studies, and became a popular scholar. He formed his own complete and unique view of the universe, and he knew the laws of the transformation of heaven and earth and the rise and fall of yin and yang like the back of his hand. "History of Song Dynasty" records that he can "study deeply and smoothly" about "the temperament of being far away and changing from ancient times to modern times, and he is not confused, and" he is wise and considerate, and he can know things in advance ". Cheng Yi, another ancestor of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, said, "He knows his own conscience.". As a result, he wrote a book and wrote more than 1, words, such as "Huang Ji Jing Shi" and "Viewing Things Inside and Outside". He believes that history evolves according to a fixed number. He calculated the evolution of heaven and earth and the historical cycle with his innate easy numbers and concepts such as Yuan, Hui, Yun and Shi. According to legend, The Divine Number of the Iron Plate and The Heart of the Plum Blossom, which had a great influence on later Yi studies, were both written by Shao Yong. Later generations also honored him as "Shao Zi". After middle age, he was indifferent to fame and fortune, lived in seclusion in Luoyang, and wrote books and taught. Celebrity bachelors at that time, such as Fu Bi, Sima Guang, Lv Gong and others all respected him. He once raised funds to buy him a garden house with the title of "Comfortable Nest", and Shao Yong named himself "Mr. Comfort". He not only learned from ancient times to modern times, but also had a strong moral character and was sincere to others. This made him famous far and near, and everywhere he went, scholars rushed to ask him to stay. Some people even called the place where Shao Yong stayed as his "nest". His prestige in people's hearts can be seen. Today, few people are familiar with Shao Yong and his works. But some aphorisms he said are still popular among the people. For example, people often say that "a year's plan lies in spring, a day's plan lies in morning, and a lifetime's plan lies in diligence" is from Shao Yong. Shao Yong, the genius of the accident prophet, made an amazing and accurate prediction about the historical development of later generations, wrote his masterpiece-Plum Blossom Poetry, and predicted the great historical evolution that took place in China after him. Of course, like all predictions, he used very implicit language. It's not easy to understand. Some parts are difficult to understand if they are not practitioners who know how to learn Buddhism and Taoism.

In the first year of Emperor You's reign (149), Injong settled in Luoyang and made a living as a teacher and apprentice. In the seventh year of Jiayou (162), Wang Gongchen, who stayed in Xijing, built 3 infrastructure houses, which were the new residence of Yong, and were named as Mr. An Le. Renzong Jiayou and Shenzong Xining were recommended twice, both of which were called hard to go. When Fu Bi, Sima Guang, Lv Gongzhu, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, Zhang Zai retired to Luoyang, they followed the constant trend. Xining died ten years ago at the age of sixty-seven. Zhe Zongyuan's letter to you bestowed the Festival of Health. There are twenty volumes of "Yichuan Hitting the Soil". The History of the Song Dynasty has been circulated in volume 427.

Shao Yong

Plum Blossom Poems (Prophecy)

By Shao Yong in the Northern Song Dynasty

In the first section, the Heavenly Gate will last forever, and several people will return. Although the mountains and rivers are not perfect, I don't believe that gold is a curse.

In the second quarter, a dream on the lake and mountain was nothing. Goodbye Yunlong and fly north. One day in three hundred years, the sky and the clear water are sighing.

in the third quarter, the multiplication of heaven and earth is the same, and suddenly it is prosperous when it meets Jiazi. In the 28 th year of my life, I changed my mind, but I never said anything when I saw the residual flowers.

In the fourth quarter, after all, heroes wear cloth, and Zhumen is not the old Huang Ji. Flying swallows is a common thing, and it is no longer the case to open in the spring.

In the fifth section, Hu Er rode to Chang 'an to open up a wide sea area in the Central Plains. When the flood is flat, the clear light should look at Hanzhong.

the sixth day is white in the Han dynasty and autumn in the Han dynasty, and the haggard yellow flowers always bring sorrow. Ji Yao's half-liter skip is hidden, and the sun rises and destroys the mountains.

in the seventh quarter, it's foggy every day, and the poor northwest has a beacon smoke. Mobs from the east and thieves from the west, and Hu Er is in sight.

in the eighth quarter, everything is broken at the beginning, but it is difficult to help each other. A leopard still leaves its skin behind when it dies, and the best autumn scenery is in Chang 'an.

in the ninth quarter, the fire dragon stung Yanmen Autumn, and the original jade should be difficult for Zhao. A strange flower spring in a hospital is taken, so you don't have to worry about the night wind and rain.

In the tenth quarter, I count the plum blossoms in the spring, and I want to ask the reason for the peeling. In the world, it has its own tradition, and the four seas are home.

Edit this paragraph Zhang Zai

Generally speaking, you don't have to know Zhang Zai, but you know the famous saying "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, learn from the past, and make peace for all generations". This is the famous "four-sentence teaching in a horizontal channel".

Zhang Zai (12-177), a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism (one of the founders of Guan Xue, a branch of Neo-Confucianism). Word thickness. Fengxiang County (now Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) is a native of Hengqu Town, known as Mr. Hengqu in the world. Jiayou Jinshi, awarded Chongwen college books and Zhitaichang Courtyard. Put forward the theory that "great emptiness is qi", and affirm that "qi" is an entity that fills the universe, and various things are formed due to the accumulation and dispersion of "qi". His works include Zhengmeng, Jingxue Liku and Yi Shuo, which were later compiled into Zhang Ziquan's Book.

Zhang Zai

Zhang Zai was an important thinker, the founder of Guan Xue and one of the founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty. His academic thought occupies an important position in the history of China's ideological and cultural development, and has had a great influence on the later ideological circles. His works have always been regarded as one of the representatives of philosophy by the Ming and Qing governments, and are required books for imperial examinations.

Zhang Zai was originally from Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), and his grandfather Zhang Fu and Song Zhenzong were given a bachelor's degree in Jixian College at that time, and later he was given a bachelor's degree. Father Johnny took office in Chang 'an, Shaanxi Province with his wife Lu at the beginning of Zhenzong. Zhang Zai was born in the fourth year of Tianxi (12). In the first year of Tiansheng (123), he was appointed as Zhizhou in Fuzhou (now Fuling County, Sichuan Province). Later, it was given to the official of Shangshu, and his grandfather and father were both small and medium-sized officials. Johnny died in Fuzhou, and his family decided to bury him in Kaifeng. Fifteen-year-old Zhang Zai and five-year-old Zhang Jian, together with their mother, escorted their father across Bashan Mountain and rushed to Hanzhong, and went out of Xiegu to the Hengqu in Meixian County. Because of the lack of road resources and the war ahead, they were unable to return to their hometown of Kaifeng, so they buried their father on the Mihu Ridge in Nanzhen Valley of Hengqu, and the whole family settled here. Since then, Zhang Zai has lived here and called him Mr. Hengqu.

Zhang Zai's word is thick, and his name is Hengqu, which is the "Guan" of Song Rulian, Luo, Guan and Min. Because he was born in Shaanxi, he is famous for his land. The other three, Zhou Dunyi, is a native of Lianxi, Daozhou, Hunan Province, and is called Lianxi by the ground. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi are from Luoyang, Henan, so they are called "Luoxue". Zhu Xi was originally from Wuyuan, Huizhou, and he was born in Longxi County, Fujian Province, so scholars used "Fujian studies" as an outline.

what Zhang Zai is most praised by other great scholars at the same time, such as Cheng Zi, is his "Ximing". In fact, it is a passage in the last seventeenth "dry name" of his book Zhengmeng, which he himself regards as the motto that can be decorated with a wall. It was recorded in the library with the title of "Dingstubborn", and Cheng Yi renamed it "Ximing", which was learned by scholars. In another passage in Zhengmeng, Zhang Zai also wrote on the wall with the title of Pian Yu, and Yichuan changed it to Dong Ming. However, "Ximing" has the most influence, and the full text is only 252 words, which is hereby recorded with * * *.

dry call father, Kun call mother. It's a mixed blessing to treat us with contempt. Therefore, the plug of heaven and earth, my body, the handsome of heaven and earth, my nature. People and my compatriots, things are me and also. The great monarch is my parents' son, his minister and the son's family. Respect for old age, so it is long. Kindness is solitary and weak, so I am young. Saint-Qi's virtue is combined with virtue, and it is also virtuous and beautiful. Where the world is tired, disabled and lonely, it is my brother's fault that he didn't tell me. Keep it in time, and it is the wing of the child. Happy without worrying, pure filial piety is also. Violation of morality, harm to benevolence, thief, help evil people without talent, and its practice is only filial. Knowing is good at telling things, and poor gods are good at following their ambitions. It's not a shame that the house leaks, and it's deliberate to cultivate the nature. Evil purpose wine, worship the care of Bo Zi; Cultivating talents, ying feng people's tin class. If you don't relax, you will have a good time. There is no escape to be cooked, and Shensheng is respectful. Those who suffer and return to the whole are involved? He who dares to obey orders, burch also. Wealth and blessings will enrich my life; Poor and sad, the jade girl is also successful. Save, I am obedient; I'd rather die.

Editing this paragraph Cheng Hao

Cheng Hao hào (132～185) was a philosopher and educator in the Song Dynasty.

Cheng Hao

was named Bochun, known as Mr. Ming Dow, who was from Henan Province (now Luoyang, Henan Province). Cheng Yi and his brothers are called "Cheng Er" in the world. His family has been an official for generations, and his great-grandfather Cheng Xizhen served as a member of the Foreign Minister of the Department of Danger of Shangshu. His grandfather Cheng Qi presented Kaifuyi to the Shangshu of the Third Division, and his father Cheng Jun was an official and a doctor in Taizhong. Deeply influenced by family studies since childhood, especially by his father Cheng Jun in political thought, he is famous for his non-Wang Anshi's new law. After the Jinshi was promoted, the official of the calendar was the main book of Jingzhao Prefecture, the main book of Shangyuan County of Jiangning Prefecture, and the order of Zezhou Jincheng. At the beginning of God's reign, he served as an imperial adviser. Because of his disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, he was not reused, so he devoted himself to academics. The original biography of the History of the Song Dynasty said: "I have the ambition to seek Tao. It has flooded many schools, been in and out of the old and the released for decades, and returned to the' six classics' and then got it. " With his younger brother Cheng Yi, he initiated "Luo Xue" and laid the foundation of Neo-Confucianism. In education, he set up schools in Songyang, Fugou and other places successively, and devoted himself to educational research, with a large number of works, forming a set of educational ideological system. Cheng Hao pointed out that the purpose of education is to cultivate saints. "A gentleman's knowledge must be followed by a saint. Those who are not saints but themselves are abandoned. " The filial piety is filial piety, and the younger brother is a younger brother. It is just a saint. " That is to say, the highest purpose of education is to make the educated follow the natural principles, be kind to the people and love things, and observe the feudal ethics. Learning the Analects of Confucius and Mencius means "knowing". "Reading the Analects of Confucius and Mencius without knowing it, what is the so-called ridicule?" "Great Learning" and "The Doctrine of the Mean" are also indispensable. "The way of great learning is to be clear about virtue and reason." And the doctrine of the mean "heaven is also, not very clever, not enough to mean the doctrine of the mean". In short, education must take Confucian classics as teaching materials and Confucian ethics as the basic content of education. Cheng Hao also suggested that reading should be aimed at "explaining the meaning and principles" and paying attention to reading methods. "Reading should be based on poor principles and practical use" and should not be "stuck at the end of chapters and sentences", which is "a great misfortune for scholars". Like his Neo-Confucianism, Cheng Hao's educational thought has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Later generations set up a shrine or academy in the place where he gave lectures to commemorate the origin of studying. In the first year of Jiayou in Song Renzong (156), Ercheng Temple was established at the location where the Book of Changes was taught in Jingshi (the left of the numerous pagodas in Kaifeng, Henan). In the 2th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1489), Li Yan, the governor of Henan Province, built the Daliang Academy in the Ercheng Temple and enshrined it in the lecture hall. In addition, Songyang Academy was also established to commemorate Cheng Er. "Preface to Records of Songyang Academy" says: "Songyang Academy, the location where the classics are collected in the Song Dynasty, and two Cheng Fuzi are idle and give lectures with a group of disciples".

it was buried in the west of Yichuan county, and the Yichuan county government built it as Cheng Garden, which contains the tombs of Cheng's father and son and is a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan province. There is a square in front of Chengyuan Garden, adjacent to Yichuan County High School, and there is a sacred forest in Xishan, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Yichuan. Today, Mr. Cheng Daoxing has invested more than 1 million yuan to expand the Chengyuan Park, and a new look will appear in front of the world.

Edit this paragraph Cheng Yi

Cheng Yi (133 ~ 117), educator. Uncle Zheng, known as Mr. Yichuan, was born in Luoyang in the Northern Song Dynasty. For Cheng Hao's younger brother. Calendar officer Ruzhou Yong ying tuiguan, Professor imperial academy of Xijing. In the first year of Yuanyou (186), in addition to the secretary of the provincial school book lang, he was given a storyteller in Chongzheng Hall. With his brother Cheng Hao, he created "Luo Xue", which laid the foundation for Neo-Confucianism. Influenced by his father's political thoughts, he recommended his father to oppose Wang Anshi's new law as "one man alone", and said that his brother Cheng Hao said to Jing Gong (Wang Anshi) that "if there are many disagreements, things will be discussed", which was highly praised. His brother Cheng Hao not only has the same academic thought, but also has the same educational thought.

at the age of p>24, I worked in the capital (now