Based on his thoughts of reading the works of Mafio Pontarini and others while studying in Italy, Buchanan began to write his first independent monograph, The Public Principles of Public Bonds (1958). After the book was published, it caused great controversy because it attacked Buchanan's "neo-orthodoxy" which supported the "vulgar theory". The debate revolves around who will bear the main burden of domestic public debt. Neo-orthodoxy believes that the emergence of domestic public debt will not pose a burden to future generations, and the repayment of debt is only transferred from taxpayers to debt holders. Buchanan insists on the secular view that future citizens should bear the burden that the interest paid by the government to bondholders cannot be compensated. Buchanan further defended this position in 1986, arguing that "the national economy can neither benefit from it nor suffer from it." The fact that making guns in wartime "consumes" resources does not tell us who and when should pay for these guns. "The macro aggregate synthesis that once attracted the attention of post-Keynesian economists was considered to be questionable.