, Xiong Shang, (reigned 339-329), surnamed Mi, formerly known as Xiong Shang, son of. In the seventh year (333 BC), Chu Weiwang defeated the King of Yue without Borders, seized all the land of Wu, and established Jinling City (Nanjing City) on the Stone Mountain (now Liang Qingshan) by the Yangtze River. In the Song Dynasty, there was a story about Wang Wei burying gold. Chu Weiwang believed that Nanjing was the "king" and ordered the gold to be buried in Longwan (now the north bank of Lion Mountain). In the seventh year of Chu Weiwang (the first 333 years), he led the army to cut Qi, fought with Shen Bin, the general of Qi, in Surabaya, entered Xuzhou, and was defeated by Shen Bin. Wang Wei died ten years ago, and his son Chu Huaiwang succeeded him to the throne.
Qu Yuan Qu Yuan (339 ~ 277 BC) was a world cultural celebrity and a poet of Chu in the Warring States Period. The name is Ping, the word is original, also called regularity, and the word is spiritual. Born in Pidu to a noble family named Qu. His father, Bo Yong, is a doctor in the State of Chu. He is a descendant of Zixian in Chu Wuwang. Qu Yuan read widely, memorized by heart, was familiar with the political situation and was good at diplomatic rhetoric. Chu Huaiwang was considered leftist at that time, but was not accepted by courtiers. Doctor Shangguan paid a visit, falsely claiming that Qu Yuan was greedy for Wang Gongde, alienated Qu Yuan, and even dismissed his left disciple. After the Qin Dynasty attacked Chu in Danyang and Lantian, Qu Yuan was ordered to repair Qi Yi. After returning to Du Ying, he protested many times. At first, he suggested that Wang Huai kill Zhang Yi, and then suggested that Wang Huai should not enter the State of Qin. Wang Huai refused to obey, so he was captured by Qin and died. After Xiang Wang ascended the throne, Qu Yuan worked as a doctor and was responsible for the education of the children of ordinary people. Soon after, he was condemned and exiled to Jiangnan. He hated the political corruption in Chu, felt the decline of the country and was filled with indignation. In 277 BC, he threw himself into the river and died in Miluo River, Hunan Province. Qu Yuan is knowledgeable, honest and clean, resisting the "turbid" world and violating the custom of "skillful work". He was frustrated in politics, so he cast his ideals, opportunities, worries and ambitions into magnificent poems. Representative works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Nine Smells. On the basis of absorbing the essence of folk songs and widely absorbing the nutrition of folk literature and art, his poems created a brand-new "Sao style" poetry form, which was integrated with myths and legends with its beautiful language and rich imagination, created a vivid image, and was full of positive romantic spirit, which had a great influence on later generations. Lu Xun praised: "Being demoted is to be dissolute, to be outspoken, and to get ahead for life." According to legend, after Qu Yuan's death, people held the Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate him. 1953, the World Peace Council decided to commemorate four world cultural celebrities, and Qu Yuan was one of them.
Sun Shuai (about 630-593 BC), whose real name was Ao, loved hunting. In the fifteenth year (599 BC), his son was appointed as Ling Yin, who was the main figure who helped to complete his thoughts. Summarize his achievements and character, serve the country diligently, benefit the people and be honest. In the 15th year of Chu Zhuangwang (599 BC), Sun Shuai worshiped Yin as his generation, and advocated "educating the people" and "administering politics by Tao". He attached great importance to the people's livelihood economy, formulated and implemented relevant policies and decrees, and tried his best to make agriculture, industry and Jia have their own convenience. He used Qushui to build water conservancy projects in Han Xi, and also built a large plain reservoir "Haizi" in Jiangling. Encourage farmers to start mining in autumn and winter, so that the bronze industry can flourish. Chu had a heyday of "being rich at home makes you happy, keeping you happy, keeping the order, no moths, and a prosperous harvest". Sun Shuai is also an outstanding strategist. He chose the articles suitable for Chu, formulated the military law, clearly defined the actions, tasks and disciplines of various armies, and applied them to training and actual combat. In the sixteenth year of King Zhuang (598 BC), the Chu army built a city in the place of complaint (now Zhengyang, Henan). Due to proper selection of personnel, careful planning and adequate preparation of materials, he completed the task within 30 days. The following year, Chu and Jin occupied Tai, and he helped to command the battle tactfully and flexibly. As soon as the chariot was dispatched, he encouraged the Chu army to attack bravely and quickly approached the Jin army, making it unprepared and fleeing to the north of the Yellow River, and the status of the overlord of the Central Plains turned to Chu. After his death, he was buried in Jiangling clay. In addition, there is a cenotaph in Shatou Town (now Shashi District). In the 22nd year of Qianlong reign in Qing dynasty (1757), the stone tablet of "Sun Shuai Tomb of Chu Lingyin" was erected. The tomb is located in the northeast corner of Zhongshan Park. Sima Qian commented on Sun Shuaidao's "March is Chu Xiang, teaching the people, harmony from top to bottom, secular beauty, political delay and prohibition, officials are exempt from evil, and thieves can't afford it".
Wu Zixu (559 ~ 484 BC) was a general of the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Famous member, Zi Zixu. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the second son of Wu She, a doctor of the State of Chu, was named Wu because of his meritorious service to Zhou, and later generations took Wu Wei as their surname. Jingzhou Jianli people. Talking about the people in the old city of Xiangfan. The main achievements are in Wu.
Shen Shen, whose real name is Bao Xu, also known as Wang Sunbao Xu, has a year of birth and death to be tested. Jingzhou Jianli people. Doctor Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally befriended with Wu Zixu. In the seventh year of King Ping of Chu (522 BC), Wu Zixu fled Chu because of his father's unjust case, and met Shen and said, "I want to repay Chu". Shen replied, "If I can answer it, I can revive it." In the 10th year of King Zhao of Chu (506 BC), the King of Wu used Wu Zixu to break Chu into Ying. Shen followed the withdrawing troops and moved around. After that, please go to the state of Qin and ask Qin Aigong to send troops to save Chu. At first, I didn't get permission, but I didn't eat for seven days and cried in Qin Ting day and night. Aigong was moved by it and finally agreed to send his troops to the rescue in 500 cars. Under Qin Chujun's counter-attack, the Chu people drove away Wu Jun and recovered Ying capital. After Shen returned to Ying, he wanted to give him a reward. He claimed that he invited reinforcements for the people of Chu, but refused to accept the reward. Then he lived in seclusion in the mountains for more than a year.
Lao Laizi Lao Laizi, the year of birth and death is to be tested. Thinkers and Taoist figures in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Jingzhou people. Write books, teach disciples, and promote Taoist thought. In the sixth year of Lu Aigong (489 BC), Confucius came to Chu at the invitation of King Chu Zhao, met Lao Laizi and asked how to assist the monarch. Lao Laizi asked Confucius to change his attitude of governing the four seas and being proud of his talents, and to show his Taoist thoughts of avoiding arrogance and rashness, being indifferent to fame and fortune, forgetting good and evil, obeying nature and quietism. During the Warring States period, his remarks were mostly quoted by military strategists of various countries. Lao Laizi did not want to be "ruled by officials" and lived in seclusion for a long time. In the tenth year of King Hui of Chu (479 BC), there was a "rebellion of Bai Gong's victory", which was later invaded by Chen. In order to escape the chaos in the world, he and his wife fled to the Mengshan sun more than 100 miles north of Jinan. "Set up tents on the wall, sit on wooden beds, eat clothes, and sow in the mountains." King Hui of Chu personally drove to Mengshan and met Lao Laizi as an official to assist the National Government, but Lao Laizi declined politely. In order to prevent King Hui of Chu from recruiting again, he abandoned the hut, crossed the Yangtze River, and lived in the south of Jingzhou, leading a life of "birds and beasts can shed their feathers and get clothes, but the remains are full of food". King Hui of Chu died on his deathbed. Lao Laizi 16 (15).
Cen Wenben Cen Wenben (595 ~ 645) was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. The word Ren Jing. Jiyang, Dengzhou. Broaden history and be good at writing articles. After more home in Jingzhou. /kloc-When he was 0/4 years old, his father Cenzhi was unjustly imprisoned by Shi Mu. He went to Silifu to plead for mercy, and the lyrical words surprised the officials. He wrote Lotus Fu, which was immediately written, and all the viewers were amazed. As a result, his father's grievances were rehabilitated, and his literary name went down in history. After entering the Tang Dynasty, he was appointed as the secretariat of Jingzhou, replacing Langzhong as the secretariat. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), he was the founder of Zhongshu and wrote military documents. When he is busy, he often asks six or seven officials to take paper and pen, dictate separately, and write articles later. Emperor Taizong was deeply valued and moved to be an assistant minister of Chinese books, specializing in confidential documents. He also wrote Zhou Shu (North) with Hood. There are many historical theories among them. Book, named Jiangling Junzi. In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), NC029 was flooded. At that time, Wang Wei Taisheng built his first house, where he played music and urged frugality and luxury. Emperor Taizong praised me and gave me 300 silks. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Dr. Qing Guanglu of Jiayin moved to Zhongshu, but he still called himself "Hannan Buyi". Don't run an industry, be frugal. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), he went to Liaodong with Emperor Taizong and was responsible for raising munitions. In April, he died in Youzhou. Give it to Shi Zhong, Commander-in-Chief "Xian" of Guangzhou, and bury it with Zhaoling. There are many lost poems, only 4 and 20.
Cen Can Cen Can (about 7 15 ~ 770) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Jingzhou people. Cenxi's nephew. Teenagers are lonely and poor, studying hard. It was only in 744, the third year of Tianbao, that Guan Jun Cao Ren joined the army. In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), I worked as a secretary in the account of Gao Xianzhi, my envoy to Anxi. In the 13th year of Tianbao (754), he went to the North Court with Feng Changqing as a judge and traveled between the North Court and Luntai. During his eight-year frontier life, his poetry creation reached its peak. Su Zong returned to Beijing as the right ambassador, the living and the governor of Guo. The early year of Dali (766 ~ 768) was the secretariat of history, so it was called Cen Jiazhou. Later, he wanted to go back to his hometown. Because of the war in central Sichuan, he failed to make a trip and died in Chengdu. Cen Can wrote landscape poems in his early years with novel artistic conception. After several times, he left the frontier for a long time, and his poetic landscape was greatly broadened. He focuses on military life and frontier fortress scenery, such as Song of Running Horse River Farewell to General Feng of the Western Expedition, which are all representative works of frontier fortress poems in Tang Dynasty. Like Gao Shi, he is also called "Gao Cen". Famous sentences such as "Like the strong wind in spring, it appears at night and blows open the petals of Wanli pear tree" and "This September night in the wheel tower and valley, it is full of broken boulder like pecking measures, falling down, falling over and leaving with the wind". Lu You praised him as "too white, second only to Zi Mei". The works handed down from ancient times include 8 volumes of Cenjiazhou's poems compiled by later generations.
Rong Hong Rong Hong (744 ~ 800) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Jingzhou people. Teenagers travel around the world instead of scholars. Later scholars. In the first year of Baoying (762), he traveled westward from Huazhou and Luoyang, crossed Huayin, met the king, and wrote "ascetic journey". In the autumn of the second year of Dali (767), I returned to my hometown and worked in the Wei shogunate, my ambassador to Beijing Nanda. After flowing to Hunan, he was the secretariat of Tanzhou Cui? Chang Li, the secretariat of Guizhou? Staff, quite credible. Jianzhong lived in Chang 'an for three years (782) as a counselor. The following year, he was demoted to Chenzhou secretariat. Later, he served as the former state secretariat. In his later years, he worked in Lingling, Hunan, and finally arrived in Guizhou. He was one of the poets who paid more attention to reflecting reality in the early middle Tang Dynasty. The masterpiece ascetic journey is about the disaster brought by war to the people. One of the most famous works, Euler in Guizhou, is a travel official and a sentimental life story. Poem 125, Rong Hong's poem was compiled in Ming Dynasty.
Chen Youliang (1320 ~ 1363) was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty. Honghu people in Jingzhou. Born as a fisherman, he suffered all his life. Advocating martial arts since childhood, I went to Yusha (Honghu) County to test martial arts in May of the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (1340). Although he had great "magic power", he fell into the hands of Sun Shan and was only appointed as a clerk. In the tenth year of Zheng Zheng (1350), more than a thousand fishermen led the uprising in Honghu, and in the thirteenth year of Zheng Zheng, there were more than 20,000 fishermen. After taking refuge in Xu Shouhui, he was awarded the title of Marshal of Pingzhang Political Capital in Zhongshu Province. In 18-19 years, Zheng Zheng took advantage of the battle between the main force of the Yuan Army and the Northern Red Scarf Army to step up its territory expansion, so that the Southern Red Scarf Army led by the Yuan Army already owned parts of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Fujian. In the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng, Chen Youliang sent someone to sink and kill Xu Shouhui in the river, and proclaimed himself emperor in Jiangzhou (Jiujiang), with the title of Han and the title of righteousness. Then the whole army went down the Yangtze River and attacked Yingtian (Nanjing), Zhu Yuanzhang's stronghold. Because his men were either self-reliant or bought by the enemy without fighting, they had to give up Jiangzhou and retreat to Wuchang. After two years of preparation, in May of the 23rd year of Zheng Zhi, he led 250,000 troops (so-called 300,000) and attacked Hongdu (Nanchang) with more than 500 warships. After 85 days, he was attacked by enemy fire and his retreat was cut off. He was forced to breaking the surface. Chen Youliang's ship ran aground at the mouth of Jingjiang River (Jiujiang). When it was transferred to a small boat to direct the battle, it was unfortunately shot in the head by a stream vector.
Born in Jiajing four years (1525), Zhang was born in Caoshi, outside the East Gate of Jingzhou. He was the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty, and he had a big uncle, nicknamed Bai Gui. When taking the county exam, Li Shixiang was renamed Juzheng. Zhang has been studious since he was a child. Enlighten at the age of five, learn the six classics and principles at the age of seven, 12 is a scholar, and 16 is a juren. He is known as "Gangneung prodigy" and is famous in Huguang. When he was a child, he studied in Gubaitang, just outside the east gate of Jingzhou. At the age of 23, Zhang passed the exam and was selected as a scholar. Three years later, Jishi Shu (trainee officer) was promoted to editor of the Imperial Academy. He joined the cabinet at the age of 43 and became a college student. At the age of 48, he became the first assistant (prime minister) of the cabinet. Before and after taking office 10 years. At that time, the country was in crisis. In order to maintain the rule of the Ming Dynasty, he carried out strict reforms. In the first year of Wanli (1573), the "examination method" was put forward to rectify the bureaucracy, reduce redundant staff, and strengthen authoritarian centralization. "Respect sovereignty, teach officials, accept rewards and punishments, and give orders. Although thousands of miles away, he fell again and again. " In the sixth year of Wanli, it was proposed to measure the land in the world, so that the land hidden by the big landlords was cleared out, which changed the phenomenon that "small people save taxes and produce, while large families have fields but no food". In the ninth year of Wanli, the country implemented the "one whip method", which merged land tax, corvee and various miscellaneous taxes, and collected silver by mu, which promoted the development of commodity economy and increased the national fiscal revenue. He appointed Qi Jiguang and other famous soldiers to train and strengthen the defense against the attack and plunder of the Tatar nobles, so that the northern border of the Ming Dynasty was not surprised by the bonfire for decades; Pan Jixun was appointed to preside over the dredging of Huanghuai and achieved remarkable results. His series of reform measures changed the dilemma of political chaos and financial shortage since Qianlong and Jiaqing, and the national situation showed a thriving scene, which was highly praised by the emperor and his aides. Li Zhi praised him as an "outstanding prime minister". Wanli died of illness in Beijing for ten years and was named "Wenzhong".
Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Zongdao (1560 ~ 1600), a writer in the Ming dynasty, was one of the initiators and leaders of the "public security school", and was called "ternary" with Di Hongdao and Zhongdao. The word "Bo Xiu" is called "Yupan" and "Shipu". Jingzhou police. In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), the Ministry of rites won the first place in the senior high school entrance examination, and the following year was edited by the Hanlin Academy and awarded to Jishi Shu. In August of the twenty-fifth year of Wanli, imperial academy wrote that the East Palace was an official, "The cock crows in, and the cold and the heat are endless". In the autumn of twenty-eight years of Wanli, I was exhausted in Beijing. 4 1 year. Guangzong succeeded to the throne as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. In literature, he not only opposed the imitation of retro, but also paid attention to learning the spirit of "ancient prose is precious" of predecessors, and published two papers successively, which occupies an important position in the history of China literature and still has certain progressive significance. These two papers refute the fallacy that before and after the "Seven Scholars" violated the law of literary development, advocated retrogression in plagiarism, and advocated that writers should "learn from students and literature". In the 26th year of Wanli, Sanyuan * * * initiated the organization of "Pu Tao Society" in Guo Chong Temple in the western suburbs of Beijing, and wrote poems to attack the "Seven Sons". Fresh and beautiful, steady and peaceful. 15 years, worked as an official in the East Palace, "making friends in the province, simply socializing" and "not accepting money from others". After his death, he had only a few pieces of gold in his pocket and could hardly be buried. He is the author of the 22-volume Su Su Zhai Ji.
Hongdao (1568 ~ 16 10) in Yuan Yuan Hongdao was a writer in Ming Dynasty, the head coach of the "Public Security School" and the second brother of Yuan Zongdao. Word lang, Shi Gong, and. Jingzhou police. Frank personality, like to travel. In the 16th year of Wanli (1588), the rural trial was selected. The next year, he returned to his hometown to learn from his brother who had returned from a business trip. Twenty years of Wanli Jinshi. In the 23rd year of Wanli, he became the magistrate of Wuxian County. In less than two years, he was "under the jurisdiction of one county" and "Wu Min is happy". However, he hated the bad habits of officialdom and resigned seven times. Prime Minister Shen Shixing praised: "There has never been such an order in 200 years!" After being allowed to leave his post, he traveled all over the southeast places of interest and wrote famous articles such as Tiger Hill and Night Tour of Six Bridges and the Moon. In the twenty-sixth year of Wanli (1598), he went to Beijing again and served as a school official and director of the etiquette department of Jingzhao. He also wrote famous articles, such as Travel Notes of Man Jing and Biography of Xu Wenchang. After his brother Yuan Zongdao died, he was deeply saddened. He took a leave of absence to go back and built a "Liulang Pavilion", where he planted flowers and raised willows, wrote poems and articles, meditated and realized Taoism, and wandered the landscape for six years. In the thirty-fourth year of Wanli (1606), he went to Beijing as the director of Li Department and Cao, and two years later, he was transferred to the director of the inspection and printing department of the official department to rectify the official management. The famous "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgehog" was made at this time. In the thirty-seventh year of Wanli, he was sent to Shaanxi as an examiner, returned to South in the spring of the following year, and died on the sixth day of September of the same year. The core of his literary proposition is "expressing one's own spirit, not sticking to any model", emphasizing that literature should express individuality, express true feelings and "flow out one by one from one's chest". With the progress of the times, literature should be constantly innovated. There are over 0/700 poems handed down from ancient times, and nearly 600 travel notes, letters, prefaces and postscripts, inscriptions, biographies, diaries and essays. The greatest achievement is the travel notes of mountains and rivers, which are fresh and handsome and unique. Later generations compiled all his poems into The Complete Works of Yuan Zhonglang, and the new edition of Yuan Hongdao Ji Jian Corner published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House.
Yuan Yuan Zhongdao (1570 ~ 1626) was a writer in the Ming Dynasty, one of the leaders of the "Public Security School" and the younger brother of Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Hongdao. Minor handwriting repair. Jingzhou police. 16-year-old scholar, self-proclaimed hero, generous personality, love to make friends, read books on Buddhism in Laozi and Zhuangzi. The adult exam failed several times, and it was not until the thirty-first year of Wanli (1603) that he was admitted at the age of 34. Gao Jinshi was discredited many times in Sun Shan. Since then, I have been addicted to mountains and rivers, learning Buddhism and Zen, and entertaining myself with poetry and wine. Hongdao died of illness, and his grief was excessive. He lived in seclusion in Yuquan Mountain and studied Buddhism in Xiu De, but he did not change his ambition to die. In the forty-four years of Wanli, he was admitted to Jinshi. The following year, the court made him a professor of Huizhou Prefecture, and later he was promoted to Dr. imperial academy. During this period, he systematically sorted out, proofread and published his two brothers and his own works, and carried forward the "Three Principles" works and their style of writing. In the forty-eighth year of Wanli, he was promoted to the official department of Nanjing. In the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), he was promoted to be a doctor in Nanjing Official Department. He died in Nanjing two years later at the age of 57. His literary thoughts are basically the same as his two brothers, opposing imitation and plagiarism and advocating individuality. His works include The Collection of Xue Kezhai and A Record of Living in a Lonely House.