Chapter 1: Spring Night: A spring night is worth a thousand dollars, and the flowers are fragrant and the moon is cloudy.
Song Guan balcony sound fine, swinging yard night heavy.
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The first two sentences are about the beauty of spring night. Spring night is precious, flowers are in full bloom and the moonlight is intoxicating. These two sentences not only describe the quiet night scene and pleasant night, but also tell people that time is precious.
The last two sentences are about bureaucrats and nobles enjoying themselves. The night is already deep, and the yard is silent, but they are still singing, dancing and playing wind music on the balcony. For them, such beautiful scenery is even more precious. The author's description is ironic.
The whole article is clear and picturesque. In the calm and natural description, the author implicitly and euphemistically reveals his deep condemnation of those who are drunk, dream of death, love pleasure and spare no effort. This poem is gorgeous, implicit and intriguing. In particular, "a moment in spring is worth a thousand dollars" has become a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages, and people often use it to describe the brevity and preciousness of its beautiful scenery.
Chapter two: Cold Chrysanthemum/Painting Chrysanthemum is not full of flowers, and independent hedging is not poor.
It is better to hold incense in the branches and wait for death than to blow it into the north wind.
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Zheng Sixiao's poem painting chrysanthemums is different from other poems praising chrysanthemums. It expresses the poet's life experience and ideal pursuit, and is a chrysanthemum poem with specific life connotation.
Zheng Sixiao, a student in imperial academy at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, once took an examination of erudite macro words. Yuan army south, Zheng Sixiao care about the country and the people. He went directly to protest and criticize the enemy's plan, but he was rejected. Zheng Sixiao was saddened, living alone in Suzhou, and never married. After the death of the Song Dynasty, the word Weng was changed, and the name South was used to show that he did not forget his motherland. He also named his living room "Dongtian World", combined the characters by spelling, and put the "ten" of the word "Ben" in "Dongtian", meaning the word "Da Song". He was good at drawing orchids, but he didn't even draw soil when he painted orchids after the death of Song Dynasty. People asked him why, and he replied, "You don't know yet?" Zheng Sixiao's self-excited moral integrity makes people cry! He praised chrysanthemums as a metaphor, and this painting of chrysanthemums poured his blood, tears and life!
"Hundreds of flowers don't bloom, and the interest of the fence alone is endless", which is the consensus of people on chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemums don't bloom with flowers at the same time, and they are noble scholars who are not vulgar and flattering.
The sentence "I'd rather hold the branches and incense, rather die than be blown down by the north wind" further describes the noble ambition of Chrysanthemum, depicts the arrogance and aloofness of Chrysanthemum, and expresses its determination to stick to noble moral integrity and die rather than surrender to the Yuan Dynasty. This is Zheng Sixiao's unique feeling and his unyielding loyalty to the motherland.
Poets in the Song Dynasty lamented the dead branches of chrysanthemums, which has become an incomprehensible complex, which is of course related to the hidden pain in the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You has a poem of "holding the branches idle" in "Dead Chrysanthemum", and Zhu has a poem of "holding the fragrant branches old without dancing with yellow leaves in the autumn wind" in "Yellow Flowers". Judging from the completeness and clear political orientation of image aesthetics, they are slightly inferior to Zheng Sixiao's two poems.
"Holding incense to the branches to death" is more tragic and solemn than "Holding incense to the branches to die", with a dignified tone and never looking back. Compared with "never blowing in the north wind" and "autumn wind doesn't dance with yellow leaves", the former asks questions in a firm tone; The latter declared that the word "dance" had a little graceful artistic conception and was slightly out of the theme. More importantly, the former points out the "north wind", which clearly points to the Mongolian khanate originating in the north, and the feeling of resistance is vividly on the paper.
Of course, both Lu You's and Zhu's poems are good, but the three poems stand side by side, and their worries are deeper.
This poem is particularly apt when it is used to express "national integrity, loyalty and patriotism".
Chapter 3: Yao, burning its brilliance. The girl is going to get married and be happy at her husband's house.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom and there are countless fruits. The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.
Peach blossoms are in full bloom, and green leaves are lush and never fall. The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony.
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This poem is very famous. Even those who have only read a few books of The Book of Songs generally know that "peach blossoms fly to burn their glory". Why is this? I think there are several reasons: first, the images created in the poems are very vivid. It is really well written to compare the beauty of a girl with bright peach blossoms. After reading such a famous sentence, who wouldn't see a girl image as bright as a peach blossom and as youthful as a small peach tree? In particular, the word "burning" really gives people a bright feeling. Yao Jiheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty who wrote The Book of Songs, said that this poem "praises the ancestors of people through the ages" is not an excessive compliment. Second, just four sentences convey a jubilant atmosphere. This is very valuable. "Tao Yao Yao, burning its China. It is appropriate for my son to return to China and stay at home. " Read it carefully, and an atmosphere of jubilation and happiness will fill the lines. "Tender peach branches, bright peach blossoms. That girl is getting married today, bringing joy and beauty to her husband's family. " Look, how beautiful it is. This kind of emotion and desire embodies the people's love for life and their pursuit of a happy and beautiful family. Thirdly, this poem shows that a girl should not only have the gorgeous appearance like a peach blossom, but also have the inner beauty of "comfortable room" and "IKEA". This poem congratulates people on their marriage, but unlike other poems that congratulate people on their marriage, it either boasts how prominent the man's family background is or shows how rich the woman's dowry is. It is to say "suitable for his family" over and over again, so that the family can become beautiful and truly superior. This reminds us of Confucius' praise of the Book of Songs: "There are 300 poems, which, in a word, say' thinking innocently'." Of course, Confucius' words are very rich in content, but does it also include the above thoughts reflected in Yao Tao? Mr. Chen Zizhan said, "After the Revolution of 1911, I also saw people in rural areas holding weddings and singing three chapters of Yao Tao ..." (Selected Translation of National Style) Combining the ideas expressed in this poem, it is easy to understand the three chapters of the song "Farmers Married", Yao Tao.
Yao Tao's writing is also very particular. It seems that I only changed a few words and sang it over and over again. In fact, the author is very attentive. The first chapter is "flower", the second chapter is "reality" and the third chapter is "leaf", which expresses three different meanings with three changes of peach trees. Writing flowers is to describe the beauty of the bride; Realism and writing leaves, don't they make readers think more and further? Dense peaches and lush peach leaves are really a prosperous scene!
This poem is not difficult to understand, but the truth contained in it is worth exploring.
One question is, what is beauty, and what is the concept of beauty expressed by Yao Tao in the pre-Qin period? "Peach blossoms fly away, burning its splendor", beauty, beauty like peach blossoms, beauty is not beautiful? But even this would not be enough "A son should go back to his home and his family should live in harmony." This is the only complete method. This concept of beauty was very popular in the society at that time. The concept of truth, goodness and beauty appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chu Wuju and Chu Lingwang had an argument about "what is beauty". Wu Ju said: "If you are beautiful, you are beautiful, up and down, inside and outside, big and small, far and near.". If it is beautiful in the eyes, it will be embarrassing if it is reduced to financial use. Is to gather people's interests and self-styled barren people. What is Hu Mei's behavior? " It is obvious that Wu Ju's view is "harmlessness is beauty", that is, goodness is beauty. Moreover, all aspects of "up and down, inside and outside, size and distance" should be measured and harmless. The main feature of this view is to emphasize the consistency between "goodness" and "beauty". Replacing beauty with goodness actually gives beauty a strong political and ethical significance. "What is Hu Mei's behavior?" This means that it is not beautiful for rulers to squander wealth, waste manpower and material resources and indulge in excesses. It should be said that this view has certain political significance. But it denies the difference between "goodness" and "beauty" and the relative independence of beauty. It does not recognize the beauty of "eye view", which is its serious limitation. Although this concept of beauty had its opposite at that time, some people noticed the beauty of "eye view", but this view of taking goodness as beauty should be said to be representative in pre-Qin aesthetics, and the aesthetic concept of pre-Qin Confucianism mainly developed in this direction.
Confucius also holds such an aesthetic view that "three hundred poems, in a word, is called" thinking without evil ",and he appreciates" three hundred poems "because of" innocence ". He spoke highly of Guan Yu's beauty, because it is "happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt" (The Analects of Confucius Bashu), which meets the requirements of goodness. When evaluating people, he said: "If you have the beauty of the talent of the Duke of Zhou, you will be arrogant and stingy, and the rest will be insufficient." (The Analects of Confucius Taber) Goodness and beauty, goodness is the dominant aspect. Even when choosing a residence, Confucius said, "Benevolence is beautiful." Where you live, benevolence is "beauty". It can be seen that Confucius' judgment of beauty is based on goodness.
But Confucius' aesthetic view is advanced after all. It is different from Wu Ju's point of view, and has begun to distinguish between beauty and goodness as two different standards. "The son's name is Shao:' All look good, all are good'; It is called' Wu':' Perfect, not perfect'. " Of course, through the evaluation of Shao and Wu, we can see that perfection is only perfection, but it can't be said to be beauty, and perfection is the foundation.
At this point, if we look back at this chapter of Yao Tao, I'm afraid we can better understand the aesthetic thought it reflects. In people's ideas at that time, it was as gorgeous as peach blossoms and as bright as eyes, but it was the beauty of "seeing in the eyes", only "perfection, not perfection". Only with the moral character of "keeping the house at home" can you be regarded as a beautiful girl and a qualified bride.
Chapter Four: Chun Qing will never miss you, but you will miss you and love you.
The body is like a floating cloud, the heart is like a flying catkin, like it, like it constantly.
There is a lingering fragrance here, and the beloved doesn't know where to go.
When is the most violent time when the symptoms of lovesickness come? It's when the light is half dark and the moon is half bright and half bright.
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The title of the song "Chun Qing" is obviously about the love between men and women, and the whole song describes the lovesickness of a young woman, which is very touching to read. The sentence "I will never miss you in my life" shows that this girl is still the first love. The seed of love, only by solving the problem of lovesickness, can meet the theme of Chun Qing. Because it is the first time to taste the nectar of love, it seems that once you don't see your lover, the love of acacia will be extremely profound and sincere. Some people say that love is bitter, saying that "it will only cause acacia and hurt acacia" has already revealed Samadhi. These three sentences are coherent, but the emotional waves are clearly visible. So the following three sentences only describe the various expressions and mentality of this lovesick girl. The author used three metaphors; "Like a floating cloud", it seems to be sitting and lying down. "The heart is like flying catkins", which means being upset and unconscious; Qi Hao Wei depicts her lovesickness and weakness. The infatuation of girls and the sincerity of lovesickness are vividly expressed through these three sentences. "Here is a ray of incense" is a metaphor used by the author to describe the lonely and sad situation of girls. Writing the word "empty" makes her feel lonely and lonely. The word "a wisp of incense", if at arm's length, seems to be true and virtual, indicating that the girl's feelings are erratic and endless. It's just that the phrase "What is the daughter's wanderer's hope" tells the real reason for her melancholy. It turned out that what she attached to was an aristocratic man traveling abroad, and the girl missed him day and night. This sentence is written in antithesis to the previous one, not only with even words, but also with corresponding meanings. When you say a girl, you say a wanderer, one here and one there. However, due to the double ingenuity and coherence of meaning, you can't feel the trace of artificial carving at all, which shows that the author is skilled in language control. The last four sentences are questions and answers, as a supplement to the whole article. "Syndrome" is a doctor's term, which refers to symptoms. Because the girl in classical Chinese is lovesick, the "syndrome" in the north refers to sentimentality, and the depth of lovesickness is also combined with the words "harm" and "so weak gas" above. The author asks: When is the most bitter moment of girl's lovesickness? It is midnight when the lights are dim and the moonlight is dim. This is a time when couples are in pairs and loving each other. However, for her lonely life, sadness and trouble have climbed to the brow. Irresistible acacia!
The context of this song is very clear, and the whole song is divided into four levels: the first three sentences say that the girl has fallen into the disease of lovesickness; The last three sentences show the morbid psychology and expression of girls in acacia; The last two sentences point out the reasons for girls' lovesickness; Finally, I opened a pen, revealing the thoughts of the girl's heart with vivid and implicit pen and ink. The whole song is simple without losing its charm, natural twists and turns, and extremely lovesick.
A linguistic feature of this piece of music is that the first three sentences are written with the same word "Si" and the last four sentences are written with the same word "Shi". Don't avoid repetition, but it has a natural taste. This is the difference between a song and a poem. Songs are not taboo or offensive. It is important to know how to be frank and get natural interest, which is what composers call "true colors".