MartinLutherKing,Jr (January 15, 1929—April 4, 1968), an African-American, was born in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, an American pastor, social activist and leader of the black civil rights movement.

In p>1947, Martin Luther King was appointed as the assistant pastor of ebenezer Baptist Church. In September 1954, he accepted the appointment of Dexter Street Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, as the pastor of the church; In the same year, he was elected executive committee member of Montgomery NAACP. In December 1955, he was elected as the president of Montgomery Improvement Association, and led Montgomery's boycott of buses. In August 1957, the Southern Christian Leaders' Association was established and elected as its chairman. On April 12, 1963, he led a mass demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama; On August 28th, the "Work and Freedom Parade in Washington" was organized to fight for black people's job opportunities and freedom. Martin Luther King delivered a speech "I have a dream" on the steps of Lincoln Memorial. In the same year, Martin Luther King became Time Magazine's Person of the Year. In 1964, Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. On the afternoon of April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated by racists on the second floor of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis at the age of 39.

in December, 26, Martin Luther king Jr. was named 8th among the 1 people who influenced America by Atlantic Monthly.

(overview)

Chinese name: MartinLutherKing

mbth: Martin Luther King

Nationality: USA

Place of birth: Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Date of birth: January 15, 1929

Date of death: April 4, 1968

Occupation. Social activist

Graduation institution: Boston University

Belief: Protestantism

Major achievements: leading the African-American civil rights movement

The winner of the p>1964 Nobel Peace Prize

was named the eighth among the 1 people who influenced the United States

Representative works: I have a dream

Blood type: O

Life of people. Martin Luther King was born in a Victorian building at 51 Auburn Street, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. His real name was Michael. Because his father admired Martin Luther, the pioneer of German religious reform, he changed his name to Martin Luther King in 1934. Martin Luther King was gifted, studious and excellent in academic performance. Entered Booker washington academy at the age of 13. At the age of 15, he entered Morehouse College to study sociology. The president, Dr. Mace, was a preacher and theologian who openly opposed racial oppression. Influenced by Dr. Mays, Martin Luther King chose a Baptist minister as his lifelong career at the age of 17. In 1947, he was appointed assistant pastor of ebenezer Baptist Church.

In the spring of p>1948, Martin Luther King graduated from Morehouse College with a bachelor's degree in literature. In the autumn of the same year, he entered CrozerSeminary in Pennsylvania to study theology, and graduated with honors in June 1951 with a bachelor's degree and scholarship. In his study, Martin Luther King explored Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent strategy in social reform.

In the autumn of p>1951, Martin Luther King entered the theological seminary of Boston University.

Pre-sports

In September p>1954, Martin Luther King accepted the appointment of Dexter Street Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama, as the pastor of the church. Martin Luther King was elected as the executive committee of Montgomery NAACP because of his enthusiasm for work, working for blacks and setting up various committees to help blacks.

in the spring of p>1955, Martin Luther king passed the thesis defense of Boston university theological seminary and received his doctorate in theology. On December 5th, the black leaders in Montgomery met to establish the Montgomery Improvement Association, elected Martin Luther King as the chairman, and launched a boycott movement against buses in Montgomery.

in January p>1957, Martin Luther king Jr. was invited to attend the independence celebration in Ghana and returned to his ancestral homeland. since then, he has been very concerned about African affairs and kept close contact with the leaders of African national independence movements.

During the boycott movement, Beyad Latins suggested to Martin Luther King that civil rights organizations in the south should be established to unite various protest forces and promote the civil rights movement in the south. Martin Luther King agreed with the suggestion of Bedad Latins. After some preparations, in August 1957, Martin Luther King invited 115 southern black leaders to meet in Montgomery and established the Southern Christian Leaders' Association. Martin Luther King was elected as the chairman.

In p>1958, Martin Luther King was arrested for vagrancy.

In early p>1959, Martin Luther King made a one-month visit to India, which strengthened his belief in non-violent resistance.

in January, 196, Martin Luther king resigned from dexter street baptist church in Montgomery, and returned to Atlanta to become the pastor of ebenezer baptist church, and fully led the southern Christian leaders' association.

In p>196, black college students started a wave of seated protests, which promoted the formation of the student nonviolent coordination committee. Martin Luther King supported the student movement and showed interest in creating a youth branch of the Southern Christian Leaders' Conference.

Growing popularity

On April 12, 1963, Martin Luther King and the leaders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference led a large-scale mass demonstration in Birmingham, Alabama. Martin Luther King was arrested on the same day. In prison, he wrote "Letter from Birmingham City Prison". In the letter, he expounded the original intention, expectations and dreams of the American civil rights movement and refuted all kinds of accusations against the civil rights movement. In the summer of 1963, when Pastor shuttleworth met with American President Kennedy at the White House, he said, "Without Birmingham, we wouldn't be sitting here today."

On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King organized the "Work and Freedom Parade in Washington" for black people's job opportunities and freedom. More than 25, protesters gathered in Washington, D.C.. On the steps of Lincoln Memorial, Martin Luther King delivered a speech "I have a dream". In the same year, Martin Luther King became Time Magazine's Person of the Year.

In p>1964, Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

assassinated

In p>1966, where are we going from here? ",promoting the idea of eliminating black poverty in the north by non-violent direct action.

In p>1967, the inter-ethnic violence in the city escalated, and Edgar Hoover, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, took the opportunity to strengthen the comprehensive efforts to undermine Martin Luther King's leadership. In addition, Martin Luther King's public criticism of American involvement in the Vietnam War made his relationship with the lyndon johnson administration tense.

in December, 1967, Martin Luther king launched the movement for the poor, which was aimed at confronting economic problems, but this movement was not supported by early civil rights reformers.

On April 3, 1968, Martin Luther King arrived at Memphis Airport, Tennessee, together with several leaders of the Southern Christian Leaders' Union, and prepared to take part in the strike parade of cleaning workers in Memphis on April 8. At 9: 3 pm on April 3, Martin Luther King began his last speech called "Mountain" at Mei Sen Church. At 6: 1pm on April 4th, Martin Luther King was assassinated by racists on the second floor of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis at the age of 39.

Major Achievements

Character Thought

As early as in Morehouse College, Martin Luther King came into contact with henry david thoreau's theory of non-violent resistance. While in kruse Theological Seminary, Martin Luther King devoted himself to studying and studying philosophy, theology and the history of American slavery. He read and studied the works of Plato, Locke, Marx, Hegel, Nietzsche and other contemporary American theologians, as well as his opinions on the road for African-Americans to strive for freedom. After that, he listened to mordecai Johnson, the president of Howard University who returned from his visit to India, giving a speech on Gandhi's life and his theory. Martin Luther King was very encouraged and thought that Gandhi's non-violent passive resistance to non-cooperation was the theoretical method he had been seeking. In the autumn of 1951, Martin Luther King entered the theological seminary of Boston University. During his study, Martin Luther King further studied philosophy, theology, major religious doctrines and religious psychology, especially Hegel's works, which had an important influence on him. He incorporated Hegel's heroic historical view that the great man is the representative of "world spirit" into his own historical view. He was inspired by Hegel's dialectics: development is achieved through struggle, and the road of world history is towards universal justice. He accepted Hegel's theory of topic combination, that is, the higher truth lies in the combination of reconciling the topic with another contradictory topic. On this basis, Martin Luther King thought that the opposite things could be reconciled and in the same topic. This is the contradiction between Protestant liberalism (good human nature, the power of reason, the power of love and nonviolence) and niebuhr's neo-Orthodox theory (there is no fundamental moral difference between evil human nature, nonviolence and violence), which can be reconciled. Martin Luther King believes that true pacifism, as Gandhi said, is not "not resisting evil, but resisting evil with nonviolence". In Jin's own words: true pacifism is to face evil bravely with the power of love, and believe that it is better to be victimized by violence than to be subjected to violence by others; Appeal to the oppressor's conscience, the resistance of love can realize the transformation of human mind, and make people a big step closer to ordinary justice. This thought made Martin Luther King oppose any war. He was convinced that non-violent resistance based on love was the road for African-Americans to strive for freedom, and he would stick to it all his life.

political achievements

Montgomery protest movement

On December 2, 1955, Rosa parks, secretary of Montgomery NAACP, was arrested and charged by the police for refusing to obey the segregation policy on Montgomery buses and not giving up his seat to whites. On December 5th, the black leaders in Montgomery met to establish the Montgomery Improvement Association, elected Martin Luther King as the chairman, and led the black people to launch a boycott of buses in Montgomery. Finally, in November 1956, the Supreme Court of the United States declared that the laws of racial segregation in Alabama were unconstitutional, and the rules of racial segregation on buses in Montgomery were abolished. This protest movement was the first protest struggle by black people in the southern United States with non-violent direct action, which broke through the traditional struggle mode of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) limited to court struggle. It raised the role of black priests as leaders of the civil rights movement to a new height and aroused the self-esteem and self-confidence of southern blacks.

protest movement in Birmingham

On April 2, 1963, Martin Luther King launched an apartheid movement against public facilities in Birmingham. The city authorities adopted a high-handed policy and threw many demonstrators into prison. The state court issued an injunction prohibiting Kim and others from demonstrating. At the press conference, King denounced the ban as "tyranny under the cover of maintaining law and order", led a mass procession and was arrested and imprisoned. King sent a letter from Birmingham City Prison from the prison, which categorically refuted the attacks of all parties on the protest movement in Birmingham one by one, especially the accusation that they were "disobedient". In the end, the protest movement of Birmingham blacks won after two months of repeated contests. This is the second successful protest movement led by Kim. This victory was far more influential and far-reaching than Montgomery's struggle, and it was regarded as a turning point in the southern black civil rights movement. Under the influence of Birmingham's victory, black people in about 9 southern cities took direct nonviolent actions in 1963, and 1 million people from new york to California held solidarity demonstrations. As a result, apartheid was abolished in 261 cities in the south.

March in Washington

After the protest movement in Birmingham, President John F. Kennedy delivered a televised speech on civil rights to the whole country on June 11th, 1963, and submitted his civil rights bill to Congress eight days later. In order to put pressure on Congress and promote the passage of the new civil rights law, Martin Luther King and the leaders of three other American civil rights organizations and black trade union leaders Farmer, Wilkins, whiteley Young and Randolf decided to hold a grand parade and a national convention in the capital on August 28th, 1963. Eventually, 25, blacks and whites sympathetic to blacks from all over the country held a mass meeting at Lincoln Memorial. Martin Luther King delivered a speech entitled "I have a dream". This is a conference that shows the determination of black people to fight for freedom and plays an important role in promoting the passage of the new civil rights law.

speech achievements

Martin Luther king Jr. is regarded as one of the eight most persuasive speakers in the past century. His outstanding speech talent makes him have extraordinary personal charm and the ability to organize and mobilize social resources. He can not only inspire black people to fight, but also win the support of white people. Looking at his various speeches, we can find that each time is actually a comprehensive application of rhetorical ability of various languages. Each lecture can be described as carefully designed: starting from the real experience in life, using historical and biblical allusions in a timely manner, outlining the beautiful face of the future society with parallelism, supplemented by a series of vigorous and fierce rhetoric, pushing the speech emotion to a climax and ending in enthusiasm.

people evaluation

American actor Charlton Heston: Kim was Moses in the 2th century.

Historian Taylor Branch: Like a prophet like Moses, King crossed the land divided by races. Finally, he became a pillar of fire, shining on future generations and moving on. He mentally curbed the possibility of confrontation between darkness and hatred and hatred cycle.

lenny wilkens, a former American professional basketball player: Mr. King has aroused people's hearts to fight for civil rights.

george walker bush, then president of the United States in p>26: We miss Martin Luther King, not only to commemorate his character and leadership style, but also to remember the unfinished journey.

Barack Hussein Obama, then US President in p>213: Kim's speech inspired the conscience of Americans, and now people are standing on Kim's shoulders.

Tim Cook, CEO of Apple: ① In Washington, Martin Luther King challenged Americans to realize their democratic commitment and let every child of God feel the truth of fairness. The heroes I admire all my life are Martin Luther King and John F. Kennedy, who have been fighting against what Wallace advocates (referring to apartheid).

American professional basketball player lebron james: ① Martin Luther King is the kind of person who gave his life to create a better life for everyone, helping everyone to live in a free world, so that we can make our own voices, and we can go out freely regardless of our skin color. No matter who you are, no matter how tall and heavy you are, and no matter where you come from, everyone can be in this world. ② Horse