1. Subjective idealism regards everything in the world as the product of subjective feeling or meaning, and believes that feeling, experience, mind, consciousness, and ideas are the source of the emergence and existence of all things; objective idealism believes that some kind of objective spirit or principle is the first The ontology that exists in and independent of the material world. AC is Hegel’s point of view, as well as Zhu Xi’s “Everything in the world can be understood by reason” “Before there is heaven and earth, there is reason first” “Reason comes first” The shadow of Plato’s real world is the “ideal world” is all objective Idealism, because what they talk about is objective spirit or principles.

Objects are a compound of sensations, this is Mach’s famous saying. Mach’s touch and hearing have been extremely keen since he was a child, probably almost catching up with insects. Later, when he became a senior physicist, he had A belief that everything in the world is made up of a combination of things called "elements". It’s not that elements have no relationship, they are always stuck together with people’s feelings. Therefore, some elements appear as space after being combined, some appear as pancakes, and some become pancakes waiting to go rancid in space. Compounding means combining together.

The world is the externalization of absolute concepts. The "alienation" here means that the world is produced by absolute concepts, and absolute concepts are controlled by the material world. "World" refers to objective existence. Pay attention to Haig's As an objective idealist, I do not pay attention to the concept of "matter". He believes that the real objective reality is the eternal "spirit". This spirit is embodied in the Trinity and is embodied in the logical thesis, antithesis and synthesis. That is, the syllogism he applied everywhere (you can read "Logic" or "Little Logic"). In the thesis stage, everything exists; in the antithesis stage, everything is alienated; and in the synthesis stage, it is the reconciliation stage that unifies the pros and cons. For example, after a rice seed (thesis) becomes a rice seedling (antithesis), it no longer has its original attributes, and the thesis is completely unrecognizable in the antithesis. However, after the rice seedling matures, it will It is found that the antithesis itself has been denied, and now it has become a rice seed, and not one grain, but many grains, many grains after another generation of reproduction. In the process of this series of logical evolution, rice as a concept has always remained unchanged, that is to say, it is eternal. It is embodied in an infinite series of reproduction and regeneration, and each regeneration is regarded as the development and development of the concept of rice itself. Complete. Now let’s talk about the poster’s question again. The world here is equivalent to real rice, and the absolute concept is the rice as a concept just mentioned. Absolute ideas exist objectively, but they do not have a realistic form. As a reality, the world must be the embodiment of absolute ideas. Only in this way can the world be worthy of being called "reality". You can check out the views on this aspect. "Little Logic".

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C in this question is indeed the philosophy part, so you should select all except D! Agnosticism was first proposed by the British biologist T.H. Huxley in 1869.

3. Lenin developed Marx's theory! So it must be Marx first.

4. The mistake of dualism is indeed that the issue of the unity of the world admits two things. At the same time, dualism believes that spirit can exist independently of matter, which means it denies the dependence of spirit on matter, so it is choice B

5. It can be seen from the materials that the reason why Wen Yuke can draw vivid and lifelike bamboos is the result of his long-term observation and thorough understanding of bamboos. This shows that the human brain does not automatically generate consciousness. Only when objective things act on people Consciousness is formed only after the sensory organs are reflected into the human brain. In other words, consciousness is an active reflection of the objective world. So you should choose B (you made a typo). Item A is about the origin of consciousness, item C is about the essence of consciousness, and item D is about the relationship between consciousness and matter, which are all inconsistent with the meaning of the question.

6. Mazhe was opposed to negating everything, so A cannot be chosen, and he was also opposed to the ambiguous attitude, so B could not be chosen.

It seems that the word basic negation has not been seen in Mazhe, and Marx did not say it either. Basically denying it, Marx meant that history is a process of development. Idealism has indeed promoted the development of society in history, but it is no longer suitable for the present. After the "Gang of Four" was crushed, there was a discussion on how to correctly evaluate idealism. Basically, they rejected the arguments of some Chinese scholars. There were very few people who supported this! It's not mainstream. I've never seen this argument appear before. The answer is really inaccurate.