Note: For Professor Yu Dan's Zhuangzi, we can regard it as ten writing topics, from which we can learn useful writing nutrition.
Zhuangzi was poor all his life, but he was able to transcend poverty and enjoy it. Zhuangzi is eloquent, especially good at using fables and short stories to express his views, and at the same time mocking those who pursue fame and fortune. Zhuangzi's articles are full of wild imagination, bitter satire and sarcasm. What he does is often jaw-dropping and astounding. He sees through fame and wealth and despises wealth.
February 19: the field has size.
In real life, people often judge the existence of a thing with secular eyes, but Zhuangzi tells us that the size of the realm determines the judgment of things. Standing on a big level, you will see that since God has given talents, let them play their role! And standing on a small realm can only be mediocre for a lifetime. The size of the realm can completely judge the usefulness and uselessness of a thing, and can also completely change a person's fate.
February 20th: Feeling and Transcendence
Sima Qian said in Historical Records that all the world's bustling cities are for profit, and all the world's bustling cities are for profit. It can be seen that fame and fortune are the pursuit that the world cannot give up. But Zhuangzi's philosophy of life is weak, because only by transcending all the hearts of fame and fortune can we achieve the highest state of life, which is what Zhuangzi called "carefree travel".
February 2 1: Know yourself.
There are many fables in Zhuangzi that tell us that because we are used to being self-righteous and often impose our subjective wishes on objective things, there will be a phenomenon of doing bad things with good intentions. However, we are often influenced by various external evaluations in society, but we can't really understand our own hearts. As a result, we were influenced by the so-called trend and lost ourselves in the complicated world.
February 22nd: Natural and Physical Properties
The highest state of life is carefree travel. But for us modern people, this kind of tour seems to be difficult to achieve. People are confused by too many material interests. A little confusion may just change all aspects of life, but a big confusion has changed human nature. There is no end to people's material desires, and people lose a happy life while pursuing material interests crazily.
February 23rd: There is always a way to go.
On the road of life, people will always encounter all kinds of difficulties. Some people are born ugly, some are physically disabled, some are punished for crimes, and some suffer psychological trauma. What should I do if I encounter such a bad thing? In real life, how should we face physical disability and psychological trauma? How should we choose our own life path?
February 24th: Persistence and Adaptation
Everyone is an independent individual and a member of society. Zhuangzi believes that a person should stick to his own nature in his own heart and not go with the flow, while facing the outside world, he should be approachable and smooth. How can we achieve inner persistence and external compliance? Zhuangzi told us that if we want to stick to the inside and conform to the outside, we should "externalize and internalize".
February 25th: Life and death talk and laugh.
Life and death are the two ends of life. No one has died in life since ancient times, and life and death is a life topic that everyone has to face. And life is like a road of no return. When you reach the finish line, you will remember the regrets on the way. So what does Zhuangzi think of life and death? Why does he sing in front of life and death? Only by truly understanding life can we treat death correctly.
February 26th: State of mind and state
It is not only talent and skills that determine the success of life, but a person's attitude towards life. Then, when we determine our life goals, how can we judge what we can and cannot do? Zhuangzi used many of his fables to tell us that when a person is doing something, if he is worried, all his experience and skills can't be brought into play.
February 27th: Avenue and Nature
The comparison between each individual and everything is not based on pure skill, but only on the distinction between good and bad state. Therefore, Zhuangzi thinks that the standard to distinguish the level of realm is whether it is natural or not. Zhuangzi, as a representative of Taoism, believes that everyone should obey the inner morality and listen to the comfortable voice, without any external intention.
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I think Zhuangzi.
Only talk about the second period of autumn water
I read the first paragraph "Autumn Water" in the first grade Chinese textbook of senior high school. I only read a paragraph at that time, because the textbook only excerpted a paragraph. Now it's raining at noon, and I continue to read the second paragraph "Autumn Water".
To tell the truth, autumn water is beautiful in my eyes. Just looking at the word "autumn water", I don't mention my favorite god-Hebo, Poseidon. In fact, I like everything related to water; Not only do you like misty rain in the south of the Yangtze River, autumn waters, rivers and rivers, and snow and ice; I also like Leaking Houses, South-to-North Water Diversion, Lishui and Sichuan. The love for water has been carried away, and sometimes it is extremely crazy-on a day of downpour or pouring rain, I took a talking person and "walked" in the rain. You not only "stroll", but also spit out your "feelings" about the rain until it is dark and exhausted. So someone exclaimed, love the water is so hard! So someone retorted: Are you really love the water? ……
Am I really love the water? Zhuangzi explained this truth with a smile: "... Boyi's ci is famous and Zhong Ni's ci is rich. This is self-sufficiency, isn't it more water? " In my life, this is true, boasting that love the water is like this, spreading everywhere, lest anyone in the world know; In the book, I brag that I am addicted to life, claiming to be indifferent to scholars, and comparing myself with Zhuangzi and Tao Qian ... In fact, telling others about myself is also bragging; Those who brag and despise others for being "so vulgar" are the real laity. Compared with Hebo's ignorance, "Boyi is a country name" and "Confucius talks about it to show his erudition" are even more boastful and vulgar.
Am I love the water? Zhuangzi said, I don't love it. I think I love not "water", but the noun and adjective "water".
puzzle
"Zhuangzi Sanzang" contains: "Zhou will be between the rich and the poor. ..... If the husband only takes advantage of morality and floats, it is not ... If the husband is the lover of everything, it is not. If you are together, you will be destroyed. If you are honest, you will be depressed. Respect is better than obedience. If you are virtuous, you will seek. If you are unscrupulous, you will be bullied. If you can get it, you are finished. ..... "Here, Zhuangzi made it very clear: avoid fatigue, don't be paranoid, and conform to nature.
There is also a sentence in Zhuangzi Qiushui: "Zhuangzi neglected the pole. ..... Zhuangzi said,' Let's go! I will drag my tail into the paint. "
In my opinion, there are some loopholes in Zhuangzi's remarks. If you want to avoid fatigue, don't be paranoid and stubborn, but conform to nature; And the king of Chu insisted on inviting Zhuangzi out of the mountain, while Zhuangzi insisted on dragging his tail at this time. So the only possibility is that Zhuangzi doesn't want to be free from fatigue, or Zhuangzi is not afraid of fatigue. Since we are not afraid of being tired, why not sit down with a posture that can help the Chu people? So the only possibility is that he is more afraid of sitting posture among the two kinds of fatigue. While Zhuangzi advocates "inaction", but insists on dragging his tail in painting, which is "promising". For example, someone said, "I have been silent."
I don't know much about Zhuangzi. Is it really what I think?
A happy death
There is a story in Zhuangzi-Foreign Objects, which I like very much. Hou Jianhe refused to fake millet in Zhuangzi, so he deliberately said, "I will lend you 300 gold when I get the tax on the fief." . Zhuangzi was "filled with indignation".
If I were Zhuangzi, I would report it with a smile, now that I have guessed that Jiang Hehou deliberately evaded the loan. At least, Hou Jianhe didn't say a cruel word that hurt people's hearts, but covered up his sincerity and intentions with lies. In real life, I have experienced such a "beautiful" lie, and I didn't know it. But afterwards, I am very grateful to those who made up lies, because they didn't lose face in front of me and "killed" me with shiny daggers; But when I turned and walked away with a sweet smile, I secretly gave me a knife and let me "die" happily.
If lies are inevitable and "death" is inevitable, then I just want to accept the latter. I am not a person who is not afraid of getting hurt, but when I have to get hurt, I am choosing a way that I can accept being cheated.
There are many beautiful stories and ugly truths between people. Living in the moment, especially in the moment of intrigue and money interests first, day and night, who is not experiencing these stories, but suddenly understands these truths? The left atrium has just scabbed, and the right atrium has already bled. Can't change the reality, just hope that the injury interval can be lengthened?
So Zhuangzi should have been satisfied. Although he was fooled and his heart didn't bleed, he found a sigh of relief again. If Zhuangzi were Zhuangzi today, how many times would he be angry?