? Speculative reading is different. Whether its purpose is to gain true knowledge or to solve problems, personal likes and dislikes and experiences should be put in the second place, and the accuracy, clarity and rationality of reading have become the primary criteria for judging the reading effect. Of course, speculative reading does not exclude personal feelings and interests, but at the same time it should also pursue the understanding of "the most Hamlet" (Lai Ruiyun's multiple interpretations and text center). This requires the reader's thinking to always be in a rational state of "speculation", consciously analyze and demonstrate, and carefully weigh the judgment. Speculative reading is the starting point of critical thinking, and we might as well call it critical reading.
Text is the basis of speculative reading. M.H. abrams, an American literary theorist, proposed two ways to interpret the text in The Mirror and The Lamp. One is to face the text directly, and all assertions and conclusions about the text must be based on the text; The other is to interpret the work indirectly through the "relationship" between the text and the author, reader or environment. For example, writers, writers are producers of works, expressed by Qian Zhongshu's humor, and can also know eggs by studying hens. But in fact, hens are not equal to eggs. Various reasons, such as environmental pressure, or the influence of self-temperament, or the pursuit of style, will make the writer's creative motivation "deformed" in his works. Therefore, studying a writer may not be able to achieve a real understanding of his works.
? Respecting the text is easier said than done. Text is like a maze, its meaning and logic will not be directly presented to us, but hidden in the text, waiting for readers to explore. Labyrinths crisscross and clouds cover the sun. If you walk, I'm afraid you may even get lost. There are many factors that interfere with us, and language itself is one of them. As we all know, language is both a bridge and a tool. However, language often becomes an obstacle to communication and understanding and a wall between us and the text.
? When we advocate speculative reading, we are also advocating critical thinking, questioning and reflection. As far as students' learning ability is concerned, "thinking" is mainly manifested in paying attention to levels and understanding and powerful ability in analyzing problems. Teacher Huang Yufeng, a special teacher, put forward: "Speculative reading is to improve the thinking content in reading teaching and carry forward the solemn, profound and energetic human rational spirit in Chinese education at ordinary times." Writer Mr. Ma Ying said: "If a person really develops the habit of independence, autonomy, rationality and speculation, then he is already a modern citizen, and the task of Chinese education has been completed for the most part, even the most important part." All these remind us that in reading teaching, students should read more critically.
? For example, the text "Tang Ju did not live up to his mission" contains many contradictions and is also inconsistent with the history books. So how should we read this article?
"Yishuige" two sentences: "The wind is rustling and the water is cold, and the strong man is gone forever." When students read such poems, they think of the idiom "Seeing a poor dagger". When we put forward some contradictory questions in class, some students asked if we could bring a knife to class in front of the king of Qin. Seize this opportunity, the teacher used PPT to show the following materials for students to think and discuss:
However, in the Qin law, ministers who serve in the temple are not allowed to hold any soldiers, big or small. Doctors who hold soldiers are all His Royal Highness Chen, and they are not allowed to serve unless summoned. ("Historical Records? Biography of assassins)
According to historical facts, the students discussed and analyzed as follows:
(1) Since the king of Qin has such strict rules in the hall, it is impossible for Tang Ju Jian to meet the king of Qin.
(2) Some students suggested that ancient people had loose clothes, so Tang Ju could hide her sword somewhere in her body. Just then, he suddenly flashed his sword, which startled the king of Qin. Just like Jing Ke hid the dagger in the map.
(3) But most students disagree with this view. Unexpectedly, if this is the case, the sword will be brought to the temple against the wishes of the king of Qin, and the last sentence that the king of Qin said to him will never be "Sir! What about this! My suggestion is: Fu Han and Wei are extinct, and the people in fifty miles of Anling are just teachers. " Since she is armed, Tang Ju will surely end up like Jing Ke.
Amid the students' doubts, the teacher added that the king of Qin in this article is Ying Zheng, the king of Qin who survived the "Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin" incident a few years ago. The king of Qin is still on strict guard against courtiers, and it is certain that envoys from other countries cannot carry weapons with them to visit temples. What's more, this is why Tang Ju was able to "hold a sword" shortly after the incident, and where did this "sword" come from?
It can be seen that we can praise heroes who are not afraid of violence, but let students know whether what happened is true or fiction through speculative reading. Only in this way can we really cultivate students' speculative reading ability.
Since "Ting Jian" does not conform to historical facts, does Tang drama exist or not? There is indeed a Tang Ju in history, but on closer examination, there are contradictions in Tang Ju's policies on the Warring States Period. In order to let students have an overall understanding of Tang Ju, the teacher also showed several records about Tang Ju, and combined with these materials for analysis, I felt that Tang Ju was incredible. He was actually over 90 years old when he first appeared, and over 30 years old when he appeared for the third time. Therefore, from the chronological point of view, it is impossible for Tang Ju to establish Qin.
Through speculative reading, let students question in the connection and difference, and let people's thoughts no longer stay in simple answers, nor are they satisfied with the results of conformity. This is exactly what speculative reading expects.
We guide students to carry out speculative reading, not simply denying anything, but making rational inferences through the new judgments obtained from speculative reading, so as to achieve the purpose of speculative reading. Questioning this article is not to deny the image of Tang Ju in the works, but to provide more thinking content for students' speculative reading by questioning the details of the article. This may be the meaning of speculative reading.