The journey of a gentleman is to cultivate one’s character through tranquility, and to cultivate one’s virtue through thrift. If it is not mediocrity, it will not clear its aspirations, and if it is not tranquil, it will not be far-reaching. Learning (desire) [must] be quiet, talent (desire) [must] learn. Without learning, there is no way to expand talents, and without calmness, there is no way to achieve learning. If you are careless and slow, you will not be able to refine it; if you are anxious and impetuous, you will not be able to (reason) [treat the nature]. Years go with the times, thoughts go with the sun, and they become withered and withered. Many people do not take on the world, and they stay in the poor house with sadness. How will they be able to get back to you! ○Volume 459 of "Taiping Yulan".
Also in the book of commandments to the disciples
The setting of husband's wine is in accordance with the etiquette and affection, suitable for the body and nature, and the etiquette ends and withdraws, this is the end of harmony. If the idea is not dead and the guests are rich (hao) [tired], you can get drunk without causing chaos. ○Volume 497 of "Taiping Yulan".
The book of admonishment to foreign students
The husband’s ambitions should be lofty and lofty, he should admire the sages, abandon his passion and desire, abandon his stagnation, so that the ambitions of common people can be revealed and preserved, and he can feel compassion; (Hu Tian Zhong ) [Be patient with bending and stretching], get rid of the small and broken parts, consult extensively, and get rid of the stinginess. Although there is water and water left, it will not harm the beauty, and why it will be ineffective. (No) [If] the ambition is not strong and the mind is not generous, [you] will be mediocre and stagnant in the world, silently tied to emotion, and always lurking in the mediocrity, you will not be exempted from being despicable! ○Volume 459 of "Taiping Yulan".
Dedicate yourself to death. (Zhuge Liang's "After the Master") Crows have the meaning of feeding back, and sheep know the kindness of kneeling and dripping water... Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang's deeds
Three visits to the thatched cottage
Liu Beitun When I lived in Xinye, I knew that the reason why I had wasted half my life was that although there were strong generals such as Guan Yu and Zhang Fei around me, I had no advisers to make plans and strategies. On the recommendation of Sima Hui and Xu Shu, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei came to Xiangyang Longzhong to visit Zhuge Liang.
When they first came to the thatched cottage, Liang had already gone out. On the way back, the three of them met Liang's friend Cui Zhouping; a few days later, Liu, Guan, and Zhang braved the wind and snow to visit the thatched cottage. On the way, I met Liang's good friends Shi Guangyuan and Meng Gongwei. When he arrived at the thatched cottage, he saw Liang's younger brother Zhuge Jun. Only then did he know that Liang had gone on a trip, so he prepared to leave a note expressing his admiration. When returning, he met Liang's father-in-law, Huang Chengyan, by the small bridge at the foot of Longzhong Mountain. After a while, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei visited the thatched cottage three times, and they happened to find Liang at home, but he had not woken up from his nap. Liu Bei asked Guan and Zhang to wait outside the door. He walked in slowly and stood at the foot of the stairs with his hands folded. They did not meet each other until they woke up. [Sangu Hall: Built in the 58th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1719 AD), it is the memorial hall of Liu Bei's "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui". ]
Longzhong vs.
After the Battle of Guandu, Liu Bei fled to Jingzhou and defected to Liu Biao. Liu Biao assigned him some troops and stationed him in Xinye (now Xinye County, Henan Province).
Liu Bei was an ambitious man, but he was always unhappy because his ambitions were not realized. He wanted to find a good assistant. He found out that there was a famous person named Sima Hui in Xiangyang, so he went to visit him.
Sima Hui said: "There are Wolong and Fengchu (sound chú) in this area. If you can invite one of them, you can pacify the world." Sima Hui told Liu Bei: Wolong's name is Zhuge Liang. , named Kongming; Fengchu's name was Pang Tong, styled Shiyuan.
Xu Shu was also a local celebrity. He came to join him because he heard that Liu Bei was recruiting talents. Liu Bei was very happy and kept Xu Shu as a counselor. Xu Shu said: "I have an old friend Zhuge Kongming. People call him Wolong. General, would you like to meet him?" Liu Bei listened to Xu Shu's introduction and said, "Since you are so familiar with him, please take the trouble to go there." "Invite him!" Xu Shu shook his head and said, "This is not possible. The general must invite him in person to show your sincerity."
Liu Bei heard Sima one after another. Hui and Xu Shu respected Zhuge Liang and knew that Zhuge Liang must be a great talent, so they took Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to Longzhong to find Zhuge Liang. After visiting the thatched cottage three times, Zhuge Liang was finally moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and received Liu Bei in his thatched cottage.
Zhuge Liang saw Liu Bei's humility in asking for advice, so he talked to Liu Bei about his ideas from the bottom of his heart. He said: "Now Cao Cao has defeated Yuan Shao, has a million troops, and he has held the emperor hostage to give orders.
This means we cannot compete with him solely by force. Sun Quan has occupied the Jiangdong area for three generations. The terrain east of Jiangdong is difficult, but now the people are loyal to him, and there are also a group of talented people working for him. It seems that we can only unite with him and not take his ideas. ”
Then, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in Jingzhou and Yizhou (today’s Sichuan, Yunnan, and parts of Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, and Guizhou) and believed that Jingzhou was an important military location, but Liu Biao could not defend it. The land in Yizhou is fertile and vast, and it has always been called the "Land of Abundance." However, the owner Liu Zhang is also a cowardly and incompetent man, and everyone is dissatisfied with him.
Finally, he said: "The general is a descendant of the royal family and is famous all over the world. If you can occupy Jingzhou and Yizhou, unite with Sun Quan externally, and rectify internal affairs internally, once you have the opportunity, you can march from Jingzhou and Yizhou to attack Cao Cao. By then, who wouldn't welcome the general? If we can do this, our achievements will be accomplished and the Han Dynasty can be restored. ”
After listening to Zhuge Liang’s incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei suddenly became enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang was a rare talent, so he sincerely asked Zhuge Liang to come out and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang then came out. Assisting Liu Bei.
Later, people called this incident "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and Zhuge Liang's conversation as "Longzhong Dui" (one said it was Xiangyang Longzhong, but it was also said that it was Nanyang). Conclusion? )
Wuzhangyuan
Wuzhangyuan is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, 130 kilometers away from Xi'an in the east, 56 kilometers away from Baoji in the west, and 25 kilometers high in Qishan County. Covering an area of ??about 12 square kilometers, Wuzhangyuan is bordered by Qipan Mountain in the south and Weihe River in the north. The east and west sides are deep ditches carved by the river. The situation is dangerous. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan to fight against Sima Yi. He later died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork, and Wuzhangyuan became famous. It was Zhuge Liang's last battlefield during the Three Kingdoms period.
In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops through the Qinling Mountains and stationed in Wuzhangyuan. When he first arrived, he was short of food and grass, so he stationed his troops in preparation for the attack on Wei. General Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang's clever plan and stayed on the north bank of the Wei River. The two sides did not dare to send troops rashly at Wuzhangyuan. Zhuge Liang had to lure Wei soldiers into fighting in Hulugou and set fire to the mouth of the valley in order to defeat Wei general Sima Yiwei. Unexpectedly, there was a heavy rain, and the Wei army narrowly escaped death. In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang was commanding the battle, he saw the dangerous position of the Shu army and exclaimed: "He is a genius in the world." "In order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, later generations built a temple here.
According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang passed away, a star fell from the sky, so this name was given. The place where Zhuge Liang farmed was known as "Zhuge Tian" ". The place where Zhuge Liang set up military tents to command operations still has the remains of a half-meter-high city wall, which is about 250 meters long from north to south and nearly 100 meters wide from east to west. The local people named this small castle "Huoluo City". To the south of Huoluo City On the hillside of the Qinling Mountains, there is a flat stone with lines like a chessboard. It is said that Zhuge Liang played chess here, so the mountain was named "Chessboard Mountain". Many "Zhuge Pots" have been found in the soil of Wuzhangyuan. , there are official script characters from the Han Dynasty cast on the iron pot. Wudayuan is now a farmland. Visitors here always want to find the remains and rumors of the ancient battlefield. There is a river bay in the middle of the farmland, which is locally called Luoxing Bay. The village is called Luoxingbao.
There is Zhuge Liang Temple at the north end of Wuzhangyuan. It was built in the early Yuan Dynasty and was rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are paintings of Three Kingdoms stories on the walls of the temple, such as Ancient City Meeting and Empty City Plan. , Three Battles with Lu Bu, etc. There are 40 pieces of bluestone inlaid under the mural. The stone is inscribed with Yue Fei's handwriting, and the handwriting is vigorous and powerful. In front of the stone, there is a stone inscription by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang praising Yue Fei: "pure and unobtrusive, his writing is like his person". Xiangyang Longzhong, also said to be Nanyang, is it difficult to determine?)