Bian He·Wu Zixu·Song Yu

·Liu Xuan·Wang Yi, Wang Yanshou

·Liu Xiu·Pang Degong·Kuai Yue

·Cai Mao·Pang Tong·Ma Liang

·Ma Su·Yang Yi·Liao Hua

·Xiang Lang·Xiang Chong·Xiang Chong

·Xi Yu·Xi Chisel Teeth·Du Shenyan

·Wei Rui·Zhang Jianzhi·Meng Haoran

·Du Fu·Zhang Ji·Pi Rixiu

·Wei Wan·Mi Fu·Ren Hengtai

·Wang Conger·Shan Maoqian·Yang Hongsheng

·Liu Gong·Cheng Kesheng·Xie Yuanding

·Wu Defeng·Huang Huoqing·Chen Huangmei

·Zhang Guangnian

Historical celebrities and Chinese stone culture in Xiangfan

Li Nian

Xiangfan is famous for its famous ancient city of Xiangyang and the ancient city of Xiangyang across the Han River. It is named after the collective name of Bufan City. The place has outstanding people and has been famous since ancient times. Among them, five historical celebrities have made immortal contributions to the development of Chinese stone culture. They are: Bian He, Mi Fu, Pang Yun, Mi Wanzhong, and Zhuge Liang.

Bian He

Bian He (about 768 BC - 688 BC) was a native of Jing (now Nanzhang, Xiangfan) in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was famous for his jade offerings Ancient and modern. "Han Feizi" records that Bian He obtained a jade in Jingshan Mountain (the existing provincial cultural relic protection unit "Jade Seal Rock" in Jinyangping Village, Xunjian Town, Nanzhang County, is said to be the place where Bian He obtained the jade) and dedicated it to Chu King Li, King Li asked a jade worker to identify it, and he said it was a stone that was guilty of deceiving the emperor, so he cut off his left foot. When King Wu came to the throne, Bian He presented the jade in its original form to King Wu. King Wu also had the jade craftsmen identify it, but they still said it was a stone. King Wu thought Bian He had deceived the king and had his right foot amputated. Later, when King Wen came to the throne, Bian He hugged Qi Pu and cried at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. For three days and three nights, his tears ran out and were followed by blood. When King Wen heard about it, he sent someone to ask him why he was crying. He said: "I am not sad for having my feet cut off. I am sad for my husband's precious jade and call it a stone, and for a chaste man to call it mad. This is why I am sad." King Wen ordered people to dissect the stone, and the result was precious jade, so it was called "He's Bi" and Bian He was granted the title of Marquis of Lingyang. "Han Feizi Jie Lao": "The He family's jade is not decorated with five colors;... its quality is so beautiful that objects are not enough to decorate it."

Bian He's "He family's jade", from King Li of Chu presented a treasure, and King Wen named it "He's Bi", and awarded "He's Bi" to the hero Zhao Yang. When the treasure was lost in Chishan, Zhang Yi was wronged, Miao Xian bought the bi, King Zhao Huiwen ransacked the house and snatched the bi, After Lin Xiangru returned to Zhao State with the intact jade, Qin Shihuang ordered Prime Minister Li Si to carve the seal inscription "Ordered by Heaven, and live forever" on it. He refined the "He's Bi" into a national jade seal and named it a "national treasure". Later, it was fought over by feudal dynasties of various dynasties. Until the Republic of China, China experienced 2670 years. It can be said that this is the stone that has experienced the most twists and turns in the history of Chinese stone appreciation, has passed the most emperors, has the most stories, the richest connotations, and the highest value.

Mi Fu

Mi Fu (1051-1107 AD), originally named Fu, also named Yuanzhang, also known as Xiangyang Manshi, Haiyue Waishi, etc. His ancestors lived in Taiyuan, moved to Xiangyang, and later settled in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang). With his kindness, he supplemented Lieutenant Junguang. He knew Yongqiu County, Lianshui Army, Dr. Taichang, and Zhiwuwei Army. He was called to be a doctor of calligraphy and painting, promoted to be a member of the Ministry of Rites and Wailang, and he went to know Huaiyang Army. Mi Fu claimed to be a descendant of the Chu Kingdom, so he was nicknamed "Mi Xiangyang". Mi Fu had three eccentricities: he often imitated people in the Tang Dynasty in dressing up; he was obsessed with cleanliness and never shared handkerchiefs with others; he was obsessed with stones and created a set of theories for identifying stones that are still in use today, namely "revelation, exposure, thinness". , Wrinkle" (referring to the appreciation of Taihu stones).

Since the "History of Song Dynasty·Wenyuan Biography" and my country's first stone genealogy - "Yunlin Stone Genealogy" written by Du Wan of the Song Dynasty to the present, almost all books on stone appreciation have been published in the past thousand years. The anecdotes of Mi Fu's appreciation of strange rocks are all recorded, and they are all well known, so there is no need to repeat them. Stone appreciators at home and abroad, as long as they mention Mi Fu, they all respect and admire it.

At the same time, in the history of Chinese calligraphy, Mi Fu, together with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Cai Xiang, were known as the "Four Song Calligraphers".

Su Shi called Mi Fu's calligraphy "Wind Qiao Zhen Ma, calm and joyful", "Super wonderful and fascinating", "It should be compared with Zhong (Yao) Wang (Xizhi), not only worthy of it". Mi Fu's paintings are also very exquisite. He calls his paintings "paintings from the heart", and he paints them according to his heart and with confidence. He changed the past and innovated, and learned the true meaning from the past, going beyond the lines of pen and ink, "washing away all the emptiness of the past", pioneering the painting style of "mountains in the clouds, steep and thick on all sides", and finally "overturning" an unparalleled "unparalleled" painting style. Mi's Cloud Mountain". Just imagine, if Mi Fu didn't "go crazy", didn't worship stones, and didn't get some insights from stones, would he have achieved such high achievements in the art of calligraphy and painting?

Pang Yun

From the information available to the author, Pang Yun’s birth and death dates cannot be determined. It is said that Pang Yun and his wife lived in the "Pang Ju Cave" fifteen kilometers south of Xiangyang City. Lived here. The author doesn't know much about the others, but in Qingshui County, Gansu Province, it can be said that everyone knows that the "Pangong Stone", known as "China's Unique", is famous all over the world because of him.

According to legend, Pang Yun, a layman in Xiangyang, Huguang during the Tang Dynasty, was enlightened by an immortal and taught him to practice at a place where he "drank all the water from the Xijiang River in one gulp". One day, Pang Yun traveled to Xiaohua Mountain in Shanggui (now Qingshui County) and saw a small river passing around the mountain. The mountain was lush and green, with birds chirping and flowers fragrant. The stream at the foot of the mountain was clear and gurgling. The scene was indescribable, just like the scene shown by an immortal. Then he asked the shepherd boy: "Where is this place and water?" The shepherd boy said: "This is Xiaohua Mountain, with the Xijiang River (now Niutou River) at the foot of the mountain." The layman suddenly realized that he lived in seclusion in Xiaohua Mountain, and made many good friends. The cornucopia was thrown into the canyon to benefit the world, and it suddenly turned into a dark green, dense, warm and jade-like gemstone, hence the name "Pangong Stone". "Pang Gong Stone" is also called "Pang Gong Jade". In our country, there are still very few stone types named after people. As a fellow countryman and descendant, the author is really happy for Mr. Pang.

Mi Wanzhong

Mi Wanzhong, (1570-1628 AD), courtesy name Zhongzhao, nicknamed Youshi, was a calligrapher and painter, an envoy to the imperial examination, and a servant of Shaoqing. Although Mi Wanzhong was not born in Xiangfan, nor did he do anything in Xiangfan, he has an ongoing blood relationship with Xiangfan because he is Mi Xiangyang's sixteenth generation grandson. In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, he was granted the magistrate of Liuhe County. "Liuhe County Chronicles" said that he was "benevolent and kind-hearted, with a motherly heart like Shuijing. He had a stone addiction, just like Nangong (Mi Fu), and his calligraphy and painting were also wonderful. The names of Xing, Zhang, Mi and Dong are also known as Dongbei Mi in Yunnan."

The reason why Liuhe Yuhua Stone is famous in the world should be attributed to Mi Wanzhong, who wrote a book about it when he was the magistrate of Liuhe County. In my spare time, I chanted in Lingyan Mountain and saw the numerous inscription stones in the stream. I was amazed by the spectacle, so I ordered people to collect them widely. "Liuhe County Chronicles" records: "What the city magistrate likes, the popular scenery comes from it, the more the better. Since then, close friends have competed for the treasures, and there are a lot of rare things." He not only collected and admired stones, but also painted them, and compiled "Lingshu". Rock sub-picture". Due to the quarrying boom in Liuhe County during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Yuhua Stone Market was formed in Nanjing.

Zhuge Liang

For the people of Xiangfan, Zhuge Liang (181 AD - 234 AD) was a "foreign" person. But Zhuge Liang's influence on Xiangfan and his contribution to Xiangfan far exceeded that of the "locals". From the time he was 13 years old, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan to escape the chaos in Xiangyang until he was invited away by Liu Bei when he was 27 years old. He lived in Xiangfan for fourteen years. Everyone knows that Zhuge Liang is an outstanding politician, a genius militia, a great thinker, and a famous economist. He is an eternal role model. The "perfect man" who possesses the art of treating people is the god of wisdom. But what is less known is that he is also the "first stone master" in ancient and modern times. "Three Kingdoms·Zhuge Liang Biography", "Longzhong Zhi", "Xiangyang Ji", "Shui Jing Zhu" and other classics are recorded. However, Zhuge Liang's way of "appreciating stones" is different from others. The stone he admires is:

The knee-tackling stone. When he was a teenager, Zhuge Liang was a talented and heroic person. He was an outstanding and accomplished figure. While he was studying hard in Gulong, he often sat on a rock and hugged his knees and chanted. People call this stone "the knee-holding stone". Many celebrities in the past dynasties have written poems or couplets about this stone.

Liang Fuyan.

Zhuge Liang was fond of "Yin of Liang Fu", and he often chanted and expressed his feelings on a large bluestone on the west side of Longzhong Thatched Cottage. In order to remember the elegant taste of the predecessor, later generations called this stone "Liang Fu Yin". Fuyan".

Chessboard stones. As an outstanding military strategist, Zhuge Liang had a very profound understanding of chess culture. When he lived in seclusion in Gulong, he often played with his father-in-law Huang Chengyan, friends Xu Shu, Pang Tong, Shi Guangyuan, Cui Zhouping, Meng Gongwei, Ma Liang and others. Opposite the thatched cottage, they played chess on Leshan Mountain to learn their skills and learn the secrets of forming battle formations. The texture on this stone is like a chess path, crisscrossed and arranged in an orderly manner, with the boundaries of Chu, River and Han.

Except for the chessboard stone, the above three stones that Zhuge Liang once "played with" formed one of the "Ten Scenic Spots in Longzhong" during the Ming Dynasty. It is a pity that the above three important relics and scenic spots were bombed during the construction of the highways from Xiangyang to Nanzhang and Yinji to Nizui in 1963 and 1968 respectively.

Stone pillow. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Gulong, he slept on a stone pillow. After leaving the mountain, this stone pillow stayed in Gurung.

The pebbles form a Bagua formation. When Zhuge Liang left Xiangyang for Sichuan, he gathered pebbles along the Yangtze River and formed the world-famous Bagua array, which was spread across the board and repeated eight gates, according to Dunjia Xiu, Sheng, Shang, Jing, Du, Death, Jing, Kai. It changes every moment without any reason. On the one hand, it was used as a military drill, and more importantly, it prevented the attack of Soochow general Lu Xun. Therefore, later generations have poems to praise: "In the vast flat sand, the stones are lined up", "The wizards and stones are all exquisite, more sharp than the elite soldiers with hundreds of thousands of heroes", "The fan shakes the three-quarter cauldron of the moon, and the stones are dark and cloudy in the eight formations." . Zhuge Liang "played" the stone to life and "played" it into a hundred thousand soldiers.

The above five historical figures all have a close relationship with Xiangfan, and they played different roles in different historical periods.

The man offering jade at the foot of Jingshan Mountain - Bian He

The famous general who turned gray in a night of anxiety - Wu Zixu

The famous writer of poetry and poetry - Song Yu

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Emperor Gengshi—Liu Xuan

The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty—Liu Xiu

Literature writers of the Eastern Han Dynasty—Wang Yi, Wang Yanshou and his son

A famous scholar in Xiangyang——Pang Degong

A resourceful man——Kuai Yue

A wealthy family in Xiangyang——Cai Mao

The "phoenix chick" who is as famous as Zhuge Liang——Pang Tong

The famous official of Shu Han——Ma Liang

The wise man——Ma Di

The talented but narrow-minded general——Yang Yi

The general known for his fierceness - Liao Hua

The long history of the family's largest collection of books - Xiang Lang

The Marquis of Duting - Xiang Chong

The minister who recommended the establishment of the Zhuge Temple to the late lord Liu Chan—Xiang Chong

The Marquis of Xiangyang—Xi Yu

The historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty—Xi Chizhi, the anti-Japanese patriotic general—Zhang Zizhong

The founder of five-character verse—Du Shenyan

A famous general in the style of Guangwu and Zhou Yu—Wei Rui

The prime minister who restored the Tang Dynasty— —Zhang Jianzhi

Landscape pastoral poet-Meng Haoran

Poetry sage-Du Fu

Author of the poem "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge"-Zhang Ji

Poet and thinker——Pi Rixiu

The female poet from Xiangyang, also known as Li Qingzhao——Wei Wan

The famous calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty——Mi Fu

The number one scholar in the Ming Dynasty - Ren Hengtai

The commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army of the White Lotus Sect - Wang Conger

The bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion - Shan Maoqian

Yang Hongsheng, the martyr of the Revolution of 1911

Liu Gong, the third prime minister of the Communist Party of China

The founder of the first party group in northern Hubei of the Communist Party of China— —Cheng Kesheng

The first Xiangyang Party League Special Branch Secretary—Xie Yuanding

Vice President of the Supreme People’s Court—Wu Defeng

Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate ——Huang Huoqing

The lyricist of "Yellow River Cantata"——Zhang Guangnian