Must-read classics

What are the must-read classics? In this chapter, I will introduce to you some must-read classics. I hope you can read them together.

Must-read classics

"The Analects"

◆The cornerstone of Chinese political ethics and social ethics for two thousand years

◆No If you understand this book, you will not be able to deeply understand Chinese traditional culture

　◆An important classic that builds the ladder of Chinese civilization

　◆One of the 100 books that have influenced human culture

◆The philosophy book that best represents Chinese culture

◆The must-read books for Chinese listed by the famous historian Qian Mu

In ancient times, there was a saying that "half of the Analects rules the world" , "The Analects of Confucius" is a collection of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. This textbook, which has been read by Chinese people for thousands of years, contains ancient Chinese political thought and governance, and is a key to our understanding of ancient Chinese society.

Since The Analects of Confucius has a flesh-and-blood connection with thousands of years of Chinese culture, and thinkers of all ages have interpreted and developed the Analects of Confucius in countless ways, the cultural value contained in The Analects of Confucius has greatly exceeded this. The original connotation of this book.

　"The Origin of Species"

　◆A classic work that influenced the course of history

　◆One of the 10 books that shocked the world

　◆Yes A masterpiece that has had a wide impact on the development of mankind

◆A classic translation that influenced modern Chinese society

◆The best book in human history selected by the American "Life" magazine in 1985

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◆The ideal book collection recommended by the French "Reading" magazine in 1986

November 24, 1859, was a very extraordinary day in London, England. On this day, many people in London flocked to a bookstore, scrambling to buy a newly published book. All 1,250 copies of the first edition of this book were sold out on the day of publication.

This sensational new book is "The Origin of Species", which is the first masterpiece of Darwin, the founder of the theory of evolution. The publication of this work established biology on a completely scientific basis for the first time, overturning the theories of 'creationism' and 'species immutability' with a brand-new idea of ??biological evolution.

"Global History"

◆The 'Salvation Motto' in today's society

◆The "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" in modern society

◆A new starting point for the compilation of contemporary world history

◆One of the 10 books that influenced world history

◆A classic work in the history of the development of human civilization

Author Si Tafrianos adopts a brand-new historical perspective and method, viewing the entire world as an indivisible organic unity, and examining human civilization in various regions of the world from a global perspective rather than from the perspective of a certain country or region. The emergence and development of human history focuses its research on human historical events and the interrelation and interaction between them, and strives to reflect the confrontation between the local and the whole and the interaction between them.

The book contains new materials and a wide scope. In addition to politics and economics, it also covers various aspects such as military, culture, education, religion, science and technology, and absorbs new achievements in various fields of world history research in the past 20 years. , it is quite novel to read and has a strong sense of reality. Therefore, as soon as this book came out in the mid-20th century, it was immediately translated into many languages ??and was well received.

Bonus Time

Welfare/Benefit/Time/Time

"Historical Records"

◆The best book on how to govern a country and live in peace. The best textbook

　◆The history book that best represents Chinese culture

　◆The classic book that influenced Chinese history

　◆The important classic that builds the ladder of Chinese civilization

◆A masterpiece that displays the unique style of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization

◆One of the 100 books that influenced the course of history

◆The minimum must-have books listed by Liang Qichao, Zhang Taiyan, Qian Mu, etc. Reading

"Historical Records" is my country's first biographical general history. It was written by Sima Qian, a writer and historian in the Han Dynasty. It is a factual record that draws on a wide range of materials and adopts prudent selections. The sources include classics and archives; official records and folk reputations; written materials and physical evidence. The book draws on hundreds of scholars and embraces all generations, making it an immortal masterpiece that spans both literary and historical circles.

"The Art of War by Sun Tzu"

◆ Condensed the essence of the best strategic wisdom in ancient China

◆ The first of military strategies

◆ The source of human wisdom

◆The classic work that best represents Chinese civilization

◆The military classics that influence the course of world history

There are 13 chapters in "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu. About 6,000 words, it was written by Sun Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period of my country. It is more than 2,500 years ago. It is the oldest surviving military book in my country and the world. It has been regarded as a treasure by politicians, military strategists, businessmen, and scholars of all generations.

Since the publication of this book, it has had a huge and far-reaching impact on the development of ancient Chinese military scholarship, and is revered as the 'Military Classic' and the 'ancestor of centuries of military talk'. Military strategists and politicians of all generations have drawn nourishment from it and used it to guide war practice and develop military theory.

"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms"

◆A masterpiece containing rich wisdom and strategy

◆The pioneering work of a long historical novel

< p>　◆Four Wonderful Books

　◆One of China’s Four Great Classical Classics

　◆The classic work that best represents Chinese civilization

　◆Building the ladder of Chinese civilization Important classics

In 1986, the French "Reading" magazine recommended "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which was published in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, as an ideal book collection. It is a famous long historical romance novel that was produced earlier in our country. No other A novel can have such a huge and profound impact on a country's social life and customs.

At the same time, with the exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has also spread overseas, and has been translated into dozens of languages ????such as Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, English, French, German, and Russian and spread all over the world. continent. Russian sinologists praised the book as 'a masterpiece that truly enriches the people's nature'. French scholars believe that "among historical novels, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the most famous one."

In the American society that worships heroes, people praise "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as an early masterpiece describing the deeds of heroes. The British academic community unanimously recommended "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" as an "epic work"... As time goes by, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has further expanded its influence with its unparalleled rich connotation.

　"Water Margin"

　◆A must-read for the talented people listed by Jin Shengtan

　◆The literary book that best represents Chinese culture

　◆ One of China's four major classical masterpieces

　◆Classic works on the theme of peasant uprising

　◆An important classic that builds the ladder of Chinese civilization

　◆Displays the unique style of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization A masterpiece

"Water Margin" is a milestone in the history of the development of vernacular literature in our country. It is a sign that our country's vernacular literature, which has a history of hundreds of years, has entered a mature stage. With "Water Margin", our country had its first successful vernacular novel.

When watching "Water Margin", we will feel a rough and vigorous artistic atmosphere rushing towards us, like a majestic wind blowing from the mountains and swamps, giving people a sudden and awe-inspiring feeling. Its heroic sentiments are astonishing, and it is a rare novel in the history of world novels that has a clear tendency and a large scale that describes the anti-violent struggle of the people.

"Zeng Guofan's Family Letter"

◆Family motto can be regarded as a model, and knowledge is called a master

◆A thinker's observation and experience of the world and people's hearts

　◆The revelation of the spiritual world of a great man with thousands of gaps in his heart

　◆One of China’s hundred classics of Chinese studies

　◆A classic work that spreads Chinese civilization

Zeng Guofan is an important historical figure in modern Chinese history. He is known as the "first famous minister" in the late Qing Dynasty. Later generations praised him as "the perfect man through the ages" and "the model of officialdom". He purified the political style, advocated Western learning, and launched the "Tongzhi Zhongxing", which allowed the Qing Dynasty to continue for another 60 years. No one can imitate his achievements, and his works and thoughts also have far-reaching influence and benefited future generations.

"The Biography of Mao Zedong"

◆A high-level trustworthy history that combines academic and authoritative qualities

◆A vivid and profound book that can be believed Biography

◆Classic biographies of celebrities in the 20th century

The gentle face under the black hair, the strong hands, the bright eyes, and the prominent jaw on the face without wrinkles A black mole, a great politician, military strategist, and a typical Chinese figure, has left his mark deeply on China's modern history. Anyone who wants to understand Chinese history, anyone who truly seeks the liberation of the oppressed nation, cannot avoid the great name 'Mao Zedong'.

"A Dream of Red Mansions"

◆The most amazing book in ancient and modern China

◆The 'pyramid' of Chinese classical novels

◆Traditional Chinese society Encyclopedia

　◆A book that is a great regret in life if you don’t read it

　◆One of China’s four major classical masterpieces

　◆The most representative of Chinese culture Literary books

◆Classic books that have influenced Chinese history

◆Important classics that build the ladder of Chinese civilization

Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions" has been widely used in the past 200 years , is loved by the majority of readers and has become a piece of folk literature with a broad mass base. There is a saying in Zhuzhi Ci that "if you don't talk about "Dream of Red Mansions", you will definitely be confused." "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a great masterpiece. The theme, content and use of various artistic forms it reflects are unprecedented in the history of Chinese novels.

According to incomplete statistics, "A Dream of Red Mansions" has so far been published in 18 languages ??and more than 60 translations in various countries around the world. It is a first-class treasure of world literature, and it has and will become more and more popular. Appreciated and praised by people all over the world.

"Journey to the West"

◆A fairy tale suitable for people of all ages to read

◆Inspiring people to fight actively, never lose heart, and persevere to achieve their goals.

　◆A masterpiece that displays the unique style of 5,000 years of Chinese civilization

　◆One of China’s four major classical masterpieces

　◆Classic works of world myths and legends

< p>◆An important classic that builds the ladder of Chinese civilization

Among Chinese classical novels, the content of "Journey to the West" is the most complex. It integrates the thoughts and content of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, which not only makes Immortals from Buddhism and Taoism performed at the same time, injecting the world of real society into the world of gods and Buddhas. Sometimes they even inserted a few Confucian sayings like dropping a book bag, making it seem both solemn and humorous, and full of fun. This feature undoubtedly makes the book win the favor of readers of all cultural levels.

"The Scream"

◆A must-read textbook for Chinese people to police themselves

◆A classic for understanding and analyzing the Chinese people

　◆The top 100 Chinese novels of the 20th century

　◆Classics that influenced Chinese history

　◆Important classics that built the ladder of Chinese civilization

In " "The Scream" topped the list of the "Top 100 Chinese Novels of the 20th Century" jointly selected by Asia Weekly and scholars and writers from all over the world, making it the crown of the century.

"Insect Diary"

◆An epic of the world's insects

◆A book that can never be deciphered

◆Harvard The most influential book recommended by 113 university professors

◆A landmark book in French history

◆A classic book that influenced the world

At the end of the 19th century, France Fabre, the outstanding entomologist and writer, published "Insects", and the world was filled with admiration. No entomologist has as high a literary accomplishment as Fabre, and no writer has as high an entomological attainment as Fabre. "Insect Diary" can be called a model of the perfect combination of science and literature.

　"One Thousand and One Nights"

　◆The highest achievement of Arabic literature

　◆Encyclopedia of Arab social life

　◆As if A treasure mountain, if you walk in, you will always find the treasure you like

　◆One of the 100 books that influenced the world

　◆French "Reading" magazine in 1986

"One Thousand and One Nights" is the product of the fusion of multi-ethnic cultures bred on the fertile soil of medieval Arab culture. This literary masterpiece brings together the myths and legends of various ethnic groups in the ancient Near East, Central Asia and other regions. , fables, the plots are weird, unpredictable, beautiful and touching, touching the hearts of readers from all over the world, exuding an enduring charm.

The various characters appearing in the book form a broad historical picture, vividly reproducing the social features, customs and customs of Arab countries and surrounding countries in the Middle Ages. "One Thousand and One Nights" has had a huge and far-reaching impact on world literature.

This is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Arab people of all ethnic groups in the Middle Ages. With its broad connotation and superb art, it has provided sufficient nourishment for the creations of later generations of writers. The creations of Dante, Boccaccio, Shakespeare, Goethe and others have all been inspired by it. In the artistic fields such as singing and dancing, drama, film and television, its influence is equally broad and far-reaching.

"The Interpretation of Dreams"

◆Opening the door to the subconscious world

◆A milestone in the history of psychoanalysis

◆Research Must-read documents on Freudianism

◆One of the 100 books that influenced the course of history

◆The most important classic work in the humanities and social sciences in the 20th century

< p>◆The ideal book collection recommended by the French "Reading" magazine in 1986

100 years ago, Freud shocked the whole world with his "Interpretation of Dreams", which awakened the lifeless scientific community's understanding of dreams attention, becoming a watershed and milestone of special significance in the history of human scientific thought. On the topographic map of human culture in the 20th century, Freud undoubtedly occupies a prominent position. It is precisely because of this that Freud's various works have become long-lasting bestsellers in the world in the 20th century.

Freud wrote a lot during his life, and one of the world-famous works that is still being republished all over the world with an uncountable number of copies is "The Interpretation of Dreams" published a century ago. 》. After the book was published, with the spread and development of the psychoanalytic school, its ideas had an important impact on literature, art, history and religion.

"Border Town"

◆The purest novel text in the history of modern literature

◆The pinnacle of pastoral legends in modern Chinese literature

< p>　◆No. 1 among Asia Weekly’s 100 best Chinese novels of the 20th century

　◆One of the 10 most influential Chinese novels of the 20th century

Shen Congwen is known as the founder of modern China As a "manner painter", his novels use a quiet and plain style, the writing style of sketches and prose, and the artistic conception of poems and tunes to construct a "Xiangxi world" belonging to him, which reflects "beautiful, healthy, and natural, without violating "The human form of life" depicts many vivid and lifelike characters. And "Border Town" is the soul of his "Western Hunan World".

"Border Town" is a work of nostalgia, a kind of nostalgia with a feeling of regret. When the author created it, he had "indescribable tenderness in his heart", and in a clear, beautiful but somewhat sad poem In the pastoral songs, a beautiful, natural and not contrary to human nature life form is shown, and it provides an appropriate explanation for human love.

When reading "Border Town", the first thing that shocks readers is Shen Congwen's casual and as light as flowing water. His poetic brushstrokes make the border town look like a leisurely paradise. The novel expresses the beauty of nature, folk customs and human nature with the graceful writing style of both lyric poems and short essays, and depicts the scenery and human sentiments seen on boats by the water. It is a poetic Xiangxi style painting, full of pastoral sentiments and local Colors form a unique lyrical rural novel.

　"The Unbearable Lightness of Being"

　◆One of the greatest novels of the 20th century

　◆Top ten outstanding literary works in the world in the 1980s 1

Milan Kundera raised philosophical novels to a new level of dreamlike lyricism and intense emotion. Silence contains harsh truths, eloquence contains beautiful lies, and confused eyes touch on dialectical problems, paradoxes of doubt, about memory and forgetting, about kitsch and resistance to vulgarity, about freedom and responsibility...

In this book, Milan Kundera examines the emptiness and fullness of the human soul, the weight and weight of the soul, and explains the meaning of life with his unique life perspective, cold and handsome thinking that contains some wisdom. There is a certain truth that has never been lost. According to Milan Kundera, life is painful, and this pain stems from our wrong grasp of the purpose of life.

Although there are many people in the world, everyone is working hard according to their own life goals, but each goal has its own emptiness. Those who seek fame are nothing more than mirrors, and those who seek wealth are nothing more than things outside themselves. .

Although Milan Kundera's novels are famous for their profundity, his penmanship and narrative style are also outstanding, and he can be called a rare master in text. In addition to being full of the profundity of a philosopher, Milan Kundera obviously also possesses the passion of a poet and the sensitivity of an essayist, and any one of these qualities is enough to make him proud in the world.

"The Romance of the West Chamber"

◆ A great work of art that is eternal and has universal vitality

◆ One of the must-read books listed by Jin Shengtan for all the talented people in the world

◆One of the top ten classical comedies in China

The original name of "The Romance of the West Chamber" is "The Legend of Yingying", also known as "The Story of Huizhen". It is a masterpiece of the famous opera writer Wang Shifu in the Yuan Dynasty. The most beautiful and magnificent large-scale comedy among Zaju. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese literature and Chinese opera, and is one of the peaks of the development of ancient Chinese opera.

Since it was handed down from generation to generation, there have been many editions and have been widely circulated. They have been repeatedly listed as banned by rulers of all dynasties. However, the results have become hundreds of times more popular. In the Ming Dynasty, they became even more popular, with many editions. Critics are like a cloud, and they are amazed.

　"Sophie's World"

　◆The world's most popular and best-selling philosophy book

　◆The world's most accessible philosophy book

◆A novel about the history of philosophy

◆One of the 100 classic works of the 20th century

◆Won the 'German Youth Literature Award' and the 'Best Work' in 1994 Award'

"Sophie's World" uses the form of a novel to reveal the development process of Western philosophy through the process of a philosophy tutor imparting philosophical knowledge to a girl named Sophie. From the pre-Socratic era to Sartre, as well as the thoughts of Aristotle, Descartes, Hegel and others, the author's vivid writing style is vividly displayed on the page, and is explained with the historical background of the time, which is fascinating.

Critics believe that this book is the most suitable introductory book for those who have never taken a philosophy course, and for those who have read some philosophy in the past but have forgotten all about it. It can also play a role in reviewing the past and learning new things.

　"Walden Pond"

　◆A fresh, healthy, and inspiring book

　◆A guide to self-reliance and simple living

　◆A sample of the Green Classic Library

　◆One of the masterpieces of Western environmental science

　◆The first of the 10 books that constitute the American character

"Val "Enter the Lake" is a literary masterpiece by the 19th-century American writer Thoreau. During Thoreau's lifetime, it was not very famous, but as time went by, its reputation grew day by day, and it was known as the ideological pioneer of the American environmental movement.

This is a fresh, healthy and inspiring book. It reveals to the world the true meaning of life discovered by the author in the life experiment of returning to nature - if a person can be satisfied with the basic life If you need it, you can actually enjoy life more calmly and fully.

It is said that the poet Haizi took four books with him when he went to Shanhaiguan to commit suicide. One of them was Thoreau's "Walden". 》 Quite similar. A book published more than 100 years ago has many people still obsessed with it even to death.

"The Course of Beauty" is another big book. It examines the artistic development of the Chinese nation over thousands of years, from ancient totems to paintings and crafts of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The author starts from the concept of "humanization of nature" and advocates the theory of "anthropological historical ontology". The whole book is tightly structured and magnificent. It not only responds to the currently popular Chinese and foreign aesthetic schools, but also starts from Philosophy highly unifies society and nature, explores issues such as beauty and human beings' ontological existence, and the 'mathematical equations' between beauty and psychological emotions, and proposes the prospect of the relationship between aesthetics and human destiny.

Reading it makes people fascinated for thousands of years, inviting them to swim in the long river of history and constantly appreciate the artistic spirit of one era after another. This book is a combination of narrative and discussion, with precise insights and concise writing. Not only professional researchers use it as an indispensable reference book, but also general readers will also find it interesting. Since its publication in the early 1980s, this book has become very popular and has been reprinted several times. It has also been listed as a must-read for teenagers, guiding batches of readers into the palace of beauty.

　"The Catcher in the Rye"

　◆The earliest anti-hero image in contemporary American literature, the whole book exudes a strong youthful atmosphere

　◆ One of the top ten classics of modern literature, a youth book in the history of American literature

Based on data from a bookstore sales research company, the British "Guardian" listed the 20 most popular classic novels of the 20th century among British people, and the results ranked first Topping the list is "The Catcher in the Rye." This is a book that people can read in one sitting and contemplate deeply. It was called "one of the top ten classics of modern literature" by Time Magazine.

Although "The Catcher in the Rye" has only a few hundred thousand words, it has had a huge impact on American society and the literary world. As soon as the novel came out, it immediately caused a sensation, especially warmly welcomed by college and middle school students. They all imitated the protagonist Holden's dress and spoke 'Holton-like' language, because the novel spoke their hearts and reflected their ideals, anguish and wishes.

Salinger's slim book "The Catcher in the Rye" has influenced several generations of American youth, and probably more than one generation of Chinese youth. This book can also be regarded as a "modern classic" in world literature. Since it was translated into Chinese in the early 1980s, it has been printed in many editions and has continued to sell well.

"Aesop's Fables"

◆One of the 100 books that have influenced human culture. The oldest collection of fables in the world.

The one with the most readers in the world. This book has the greatest influence on Western ethics and political thought. The essence of Eastern and Western folk literature, the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people.

"Aesop's Fables", the oldest collection of fables in the world, is short in length and informal in form. The simple stories often shine with the light of wisdom, burst out with sparks of wit, and contain profound meanings. Meaning. It is not only an enlightenment textbook to instill the concepts of good and evil, beauty and ugliness in children, but also a textbook of life, which has had a great influence on future generations.

In the history of European literature, it laid the foundation for fable creation. "Aesop's Fables" are often quoted in literary works and even political works from around the world, either as metaphors in reasoning or as weapons of criticism and satire. The best parts of this book still have positive practical significance today.

"Alive"

◆ Italy Grinzana Carver Literary Award

◆ Hong Kong "Bo Yi" 15 Good Book Awards

◆Taiwan's "****" 10 Best Books Award

"Alive" is a "noble work" that the author Yu Hua himself considers. With "the darkness and coldness of life", Life has become a running account of life and death.

"Alive" was highly praised by critics upon its release. This book tells an ordinary and profound story, about a person and his fate, about a person's courage to survive various disasters, about how the Chinese survived in a specific era, and about The value of suffering and the greatness of man.

This is a condensed history of a person and a condensed history of mankind. It teaches us to observe smiles through tears and experience the joy of survival through suffering, and we will also learn about it because of it. Approaching this book brings us closer to ourselves and the deep inner world of a writer.

"The Temple of Earth and Me"

◆One of the 50 contemporary Chinese classics

◆One of the outstanding Chinese works of the 20th century

"Me and the Temple of Earth" is a text that makes me want to shed tears and thank God after reading it. Spring flowers and autumn fruits, every plant and tree, strange lovers, the ancient Temple of Earth... everything animate and inanimate, in Shi Tiesheng's writings, in his His heart is so gentle and tactile. He uses paper and pen to describe the world he is attached to with warmth and without being sentimental.

The full text of "Me and the Temple of Ditan" is full of profound emotions, profound and profound philosophy, and deeply touching. Based on his own personal experience, Shi Tiesheng narrates the life experiences he has observed while meditating in Ditan Park over the years. attitude and perception of destiny. When Shi Tiesheng suddenly became paralyzed at his "most arrogant age" and was sitting in a wheelchair, he came to an abandoned altar of ancient emperors - the Temple of Earth every day. At the intersection of time and space, he pondered over the questions that philosophers of all ages had pondered their entire lives. ——Death and life.

Friends who are tired of contemporary literature and art and contemporary life may wish to read Shi Tiesheng's "The Temple of Earth and Me". He will tell you a lot. After going through all kinds of suffering and torture, the author suddenly entered a realm of clarity, faced his own soul in a tortured way, and almost found the reason for existence and the value of existence in a desperate situation. ;