1. Comparison of material use
● Interpretation of techniques:
Comparison of material use is to compare and compare two things with similar or opposite properties, and deduce the similarities or differences between them, so that the conclusion can be drawn.
"I love prose and novels, but my favorite is poetry." Such similar and progressive association is the key to the thinking of using similar materials. "I like the uninhibited and hate the graceful words; I like to look at the future optimistically and hate to think pessimistically. " It is the key to the thinking of the use of positive and negative contrast materials to carry out such black-and-white prominent and clear-cut associations.
the first measure: the same kind of expansion, connecting points into a line, in order to show the law.
composition fragment 1:
To treat friendship, we should feel it with sincerity and cultivate it with true feelings. When a friend is happy, we share happiness with him; When a friend is sad, we help him share the sorrow and pain; When a friend is at a loss, we encourage him to point him in the right direction. Friendship makes people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, and the light of human nature in ruthlessness.
(Fragment of "Feeling Love, Gratitude and Love", an excellent composition of Tianjin College Entrance Examination in 212)
When this paragraph expounds "treating friendship, we should feel it with sincerity and cultivate it with true feelings", it leads to three situations of "when friends are happy", "when friends are sad" and "when friends are at a loss" in a similar way, which skillfully shows how to cultivate friendship. In this way, the same kind of expansion, connecting points into lines, the more obvious and convincing the truth to be expounded, and the more distinct the theme of the article.
Composition fragment 2:
He comes from a humble background, but he has lofty ideals. Many years ago, he played a Song Bing in the 1983 edition of The Legend of the Condor Heroes. In order to add a little scene, he asked the director to arrange for Mei Chaofeng to kill him with two hands, but he was told that he could only be killed with one hand. This humble little guy, who was called a "walk-on" when he was young, burst into laughter for the first time in front of the director's interview performance, but he continued to think and "remonstrate" with the director until he became a director himself in 22. That year, he won the Academy Award for Best Director. He is Stephen Chow.
In the 199s, on a train bound for the west, he looked full of vigor and vitality, but his heart was very confused. At that time, he was very serious and often sat alone for hours without talking. Later, he switched to be a host. In 1998, when the hosted TV program was broadcast for the first time, he found that what he said was almost cut by the director. He asked his wife, who is a producer, to prepare a notebook, to record all the problems in his hosting, even the smallest ones, and then to discuss and correct them one by one. Even though his net worth has exceeded 4 million today and he has become the most influential host in China, he still hasn't given up thinking about himself. He is Li Yong.
(In fact, you can succeed, too)
Connect two famous people into a line and vividly tell readers that everyone has a chance to succeed, depending on whether you have the same perseverance and endurance as they did in the past.
the second trick: seek differences first, then seek common ground, and see the essence after comparison.
Fragment of composition:
Have you noticed that some people in the society only have interests but no responsibilities, only take and have no dedication. Such people often distinguish themselves from others and society clearly. At work, they push around even if they work within their own duties, and for extra work, they are "nothing to do with themselves, hanging high" and a pair of "no matter how the sky shakes, I will never move". What's more, it's disgusting to turn a blind eye to the hidden dangers of accidents. People are indifferent to each other, and society loses its vitality.
have you noticed that there are still some people who only care about themselves and no one else, and how others treat them well seems like they should, and they have no gratitude for their efforts. Such a person, usually dealing with others, always feels that he is losing money and that others owe him. (composition daquan) how others treat him well, everyone takes it calmly and accepts it gladly. What's more, not only are they ungrateful, but they also make a rake, treat the kindness of others as not, and even take it to court. It's really disgusting to report that someone fell to the ground and someone came to help him, but he falsely accused him of hitting someone.
(Fragment of the essay "Sincerely Caught Leaks and Hands with Fragrance" in the National Curriculum Standard Volume in 212)
This fragment, in a similar way, will divide "some people in society only have interests but no responsibility, only take and have no dedication" and "some people only have their own eyes, so how others treat them well seems like they should, and they are not grateful for others' efforts.
the third measure: the positive also expands, and the reverse also expands, and the contrast is cleverly set off.
Composition fragment:
Many older generations have made immortal contributions to the liberation of new China. Some of them have become marshals with outstanding military achievements in the future, some have won the title of general, and many have no posts or titles. Who among these soldiers who galloped on the battlefield ever boasted about Haikou, "I will be a marshal in the future"?
On the contrary, Yuan Shikai dreamed of being a marshal, but he got what he wanted. He also became a great president and even concocted a farce of claiming the throne. He betrayed his country for glory, colluded with foreign invaders, and signed Article 21, which humiliated his power and country, causing the general public to be in dire straits. However, the dust of history can't blind people's eyes forever. In the end, Emperor Hongxian became the target of public criticism, and soon he died in the public's < P > reviling. A national scum like him is a disgrace to soldiers and cannot be immortal. Hitler, the number one fascist criminal, was ambitious. He started as a corporal, and soon stood out and turned into the heinous devil of World War II in the terrorist group. This arrogant war maniac persecuted and slaughtered Jews crazily, and openly despised peace. Under his inhuman bloody slaughter, many innocent people were displaced. The executioner with blood on his hands committed a heinous crime.
(Excerpt from the excellent composition "Ordinary Soldiers Can Shine" of Zhejiang College Entrance Examination in 212)
Napoleon famously said, "A soldier who doesn't want to be a marshal is not a good soldier". It is true that it is difficult for soldiers with no ambition to stand out from the crowd, but more ordinary soldiers at all times and in all countries did not want to be marshals at all, but they also won the honor. This paragraph first uses the materials of revolutionary ancestors positively, and then selects Yuan Shikai and Hitler as two negative materials to form a line, profoundly interpreting the view that "the measure of a person's value is not whether his ideal is lofty or not, but whether he plays his role well".
Second, the use of subversive materials
● Interpretation of techniques:
As the western proverb goes, a dog biting is not news, but a man biting a dog is news. There are many subversive songs among the people, such as "biting milk, drinking bread, carrying a bag on the train;" East-west street, walking north and south, going out to see people bite dogs; Pick up the dog and smash the brick, but I am afraid that the brick will bite my hand. " Deliberately turning things upside down gives people a sense of humor. Ordinary material, if it can be reversed in such a multi-angle, multi-level and multi-dimensional way, can also glow with different brilliance.
the first trick: deliberately misinterpret and subtly extend.
"fishing for three days, drying the net for two days" was originally described as a lack of perseverance, but the clever author used the superficial meaning of the words to misinterpret it as "fishing is forbidden at a certain time between fishing periods" to protect the sustainable development of fishery resources. Such subversion makes readers fall for it carelessly, and after falling for it, they are not only annoyed, but admire the author's skill of fooling.
composition fragment 1:
I want to sue Forbes magazine because it ignored me for no reason. In fact, I am also a rich man, and very rich. Do not believe you: I am alive, healthy and have a warm home: my wife is virtuous, and I respect and love each other; Filial piety brings me endless happiness; My grandson is lively and lovely, which makes me laugh. My brothers and sisters are like my friends, and friends care about me like brothers and sisters. Some people sincerely love me, although I have such shortcomings, and I sincerely love them. I only have four loyal readers, who read my works carefully despite their poor writing, and I sincerely thank them for this. I have a house. There are many books in the house. I own a small piece of the world, which is an orchard, and presents me with sweet apples every year; I also have a dog. It won't sleep before I go home. It always greets me home happily, as if I were its sky and its land. My eyes can see, my ears can hear, my feet can walk, my hands can move, and my brain can think about things that have happened to others but I have never experienced them.
(212 Jiangxi volume full score composition "Counting what I have and enjoying my happiness" fragment)
I started to sue Forbes magazine, which attracted people's attention and made people think that there was something wrong with Forbes. I couldn't help reading it. As a result, I found that the original author had changed the concept, "Counting what I have", which was reasonable and convincing.
Composition fragment 2:
The pursuit of beauty is human nature, so beauty salons, cosmetics, health care drugs and gymnasiums have sprung up in large numbers, causing many men, women and children to flock to them. However, many facts through the ages tell us that the beauty function of these things is limited, and even if they lose everything, it is difficult to stop the pace of aging; Even if it is soaked in cosmetics, it is difficult to erase the traces of time; What is particularly frustrating is that people who use these things to maintain their looks can't get rid of "vulgarity", which is really the biggest enemy of beauty and youth. So is there a better way to keep a good image and make people look good? Yes, just reading. Reading can not only beautify, but also be the best cosmetology in the world; It can not only beautify words and deeds, but also beautify temperament and charm. What is even more rare is that it can also cultivate self-cultivation and beautify people's thoughts and souls.
(excerpt from "Yan Ruyu in the Book", an excellent composition of Liaoning College Entrance Examination in 212)
The author is good at "fooling" and begins to affirm that people's pursuit of beauty is in line with nature, and that a large number of beauty shops, cosmetics, health care drugs and gymnasiums have emerged as the times require. Then, the conversation turns and careful analysis points out that these things have limited or even harmful effects. Just as the readers feel helpless about the disappearance of beauty, the author shows his own views and opinions: reading is the best cosmetology.
the second measure: change the angle and see through the cause and effect.
Everything is connected. If you can change the perspective, even the old materials can be beautifully written and beautifully produced. For example, there may be many reasons why a classmate's math score has improved recently: maybe he found the right learning method, maybe he invested more time and energy, maybe he took part in an off-campus math tutorial class, maybe the class teacher talked with him to correct his learning attitude, maybe his parents set up some kind of reward mechanism, maybe the power of example inspired him, or maybe the math teacher's teaching level improved. It may even be that he fell in love with a girl with top math scores ...
Composition fragment:
Many years ago, a woman in Brazil sued a famous football manufacturer on the grounds that football took away her husband and made her a "football widow". Incredibly, the innocent manufacturer was willing to pay the expensive compensation.
(212 Shandong college entrance examination excellent composition "Creative, Good Success" fragment)
No reward for no work, no punishment for no mistakes. But in the era of global economy, the innocent punishment of manufacturers has become a wonderful advertisement. The importance of creativity to success can be seen.
the third measure: bounce the pipa.
One plus one equals two, which is known to all kindergarten children, but a good writer can create an answer that one plus one equals three or something else. When people are anxious, they explain: when a man and a woman get married and have a child, one plus one equals three; A flock of sheep merged into another flock, so how many sheep are there now?
Composition fragment:
Everyone is an ordinary person. Who has ever practiced the powerful diamond finger? Who can own a gold bell and iron cloth shirt? In the pursuit of success, self-confidence is ok, but don't overestimate yourself, and don't put your limited life into the stubbornness of exhausting people without paying for their lives. Writing here, I seem to see many faces of my predecessors: Robinson told me that if there were no "Friday", his island life would not end until his death < P >; Liu Bei told me that if there were no "three visits to the thatched cottage", let alone the useless son Dou, even he himself would not be on the throne; Newton told me that he was able to achieve his present grade because he stood on the shoulders of others.
(212 Shandong college entrance examination excellent composition "Use all available power" fragment)
This article subverts the classics, finds another way, and advocates "learning to use all available power". After attracting the attention of the marking teacher, it is convincing to quote the classics.
Third, the use of parallelism in the material
● Interpretation of techniques:
In argumentative writing, parallelism can make the expression separate and analyze, and explain the truth more strictly and thoroughly; In lyric writing, parallelism can gain momentum layer by layer and express things' feelings incisively and vividly; Parallelism can be used to describe things vividly and meticulously, thus making the article open-minded, clear-cut, concentrated and fluent, attracting the attention of marking teachers and adding points to the article.
composition fragment 1:
great things in the world must be done in detail. The so-called details are the punctuation of a beautiful article, the brick doors and windows of a high-rise building, the needle and thread buttonholes of a fashionable dress, the shoelaces of soldiers before marching, the rubber prepared before the exam, and the power supply for taking a look at the signal lights before the train leaves; It's the first white hair that comes out quietly on mom and dad's head, the eyes that poor students dodge when they enjoy free soup in the canteen, and the kind smile that they give to strangers ... Details are like the waves rising from the river, although some are fleeting and can't be found, there are always some special details that can touch our hearts, bloom in our memories, and even determine or shake our views and attitudes towards people and things.
in order to explain the meaning of details in detail, the author uses parallelism to launch vivid and vivid detail shots, making the expression overwhelming and magnificent.
Composition fragment 2:
They are all running on this glorious thorny road, and they don't applaud by the roadside. They all bravely picked the beam of society and established great fame. Among them, there are Shen Congwen's poetic praise for Xiangxi culture, Ba Jin's deep complaint against old-style ethics, and Mao Dun's profound analysis of social economy.