Question 1: Which dynasty did the Eight Immortals come from? Yes

Eight Immortals

The eight immortals spread among Chinese folk. Taoism quoted and transformed it into a group of immortals, namely Tieguaili, Zhonglihan, Lu Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guojiu, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe, and He Xiangu. The legend of the Eight Immortals originated very early, but there are many versions of the characters. For example, the Eight Immortals of Huainan refers to the Eight Dukes who helped Liu An, King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, write "Huainanzi". The King of Huainan was fond of magical elixirs, and later generations passed him down as an immortal. The theory of the Eight Immortals of Huainan may have originated from this incident. During the Five Dynasties, Taoist priests painted paintings of the Eight Immortals of Shu, including Rong Chenggong, Li Er, Dong Zhongshu, Zhang Daoling, Yan Junping, Li Babai, Fan Changsheng and Mr. Erzhu. The so-called Eight Immortals today were probably formed in the Yuan Dynasty, but the characters are not the same. By the time Wu Yuantai of the Ming Dynasty wrote "Eight Immortals' Journey to the East", the story of Tieguai Li and other Eight Immortals crossing the sea was gradually spread, and the characters of the Eight Immortals also stabilized in the spread. The characters of the Eight Immortals have different origins and different eras. The first person to be found in historical records and who actually existed was Zhang Guo, a Taoist scholar in the early Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, fairy tales and legends about Lu Dongbin were widely circulated, which was instigated by the spread of Taoist inner elixir cultivation methods. During the two Song Dynasties, the "Zhong Lu Jin Alchemy Way" was widely spread. Quanzhen Taoism emerged during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. In order to promote its teachings in response to folk beliefs and legends, Zhong Liquan, Lu Dongbin, etc. were promoted as the Five Northern Ancestors. Folk legends, dramas, and dramas evolved with Taoist gods, and the story of the Eight Immortals spread. The content is wider and richer. Lu Dongbin is the core figure in the formation of the Eight Immortals. Taoism calls him Lu Zu. He is worshiped in various Taoist temples, especially Quanzhen Taoist Temple.

The Eight Immortals are the eight gods in Chinese Taoism and Chinese mythology. They represent men, women, old and young, poor, low, rich and noble. Since the Eight Immortals are mortals who have attained Taoism, their personalities are closer to those of the common people. Recently, they have become very important in Taoism. Representatives of the gods, there are Eight Immortals Palaces in many places in China, and the Eight Immortals are also indispensable in the games to welcome the gods. The magical instruments or treasures they hold are also called "eight treasures".

The origin of the Eight Immortals

The term "Eight Immortals" has always had different meanings in Chinese history. 》), they were officially classified as Han Zhongli (or Zhongli Quan), Zhang Guolao, Han Xiangzi, Tieguaili, Lu Dongbin, He Xiangu, Lan Caihe and Cao Guojiu.

The Eight Immortals of Taoism originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, there were already "Eight Immortals Pictures" among the people. In the Yuan Dynasty, Ma Zhiyuan's "Yueyang Tower", Fan Zian's "Bamboo Leaf Boat" and Gu Zijing's "Chengnan Liu" etc. There are traces of the Eight Immortals in Zaju, but the members often change. In Ma Zhiyuan's "Lü Dongbin Three Drunks in Yueyang Tower", there is no He Xiangu, but Xu Shenweng instead. In Yue Bochuan's "Lü Dongbin Du Tieguai Li Yue", there is Zhang Silang but not He Xiangu. The Eight Immortals in the Ming Dynasty's "The Romance of the Three Treasures Eunuch" replaced Zhang Guolao and He Xiangu with Feng Sengshou and Xuan Xuzi.

Although Liu Hai (or Liu Haichan) is not among the Eight Immortals now, it is still among the Eight Immortals in many areas. In the "Complete Biography of Immortals" of the Ming Dynasty, bangs were used to replace Zhang Guolao. In the "Eight Dances of the Immortals" in some areas of Jiangxi, bangs were also used to replace Han Zhongli. In Taiwan, bangs were also used to replace Lan Caihe.

Japan also has a similar combination of gods, called the "Seven Lucky Gods", but most of them are Hindu/Buddhist gods. Due to the cultural influence of China and Japan, and the fact that the image of the Seven Gods of Luck on a treasure boat is similar to that of the Eight Immortals crossing the sea, some scholars believe that the Seven Gods of Luck came from the Eight Immortals of China.

Tieguai Li

Let’s talk about Tieguai Li first. Tieguai Li is the first of the Eight Immortals in folklore. Some books say that his surname is Li and his given name is Flood. He was a native of Xiaxia in the Sui Dynasty. Mr. Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" said that his surname was Li and his given name was Xuan; Zhao Yi's "Bei Yu Cong Kao" also said that his surname was Liu. It is said that he was born between Kaiyuan and Daizong Dali of Tang Dynasty. He studied Taoism in Zhongnan Mountain. Once his soul came out of its shell, he never thought that the body would be eaten by tigers, so he had to devote himself to being a lame beggar. "Tongjian of the Immortals of the Past Dynasties" states that he was originally a handsome husband, good at Taoism, and could derive the magic of the soul. He practiced it in the cave of Dangshan Mountain. Once, he performed the "spring out of the shell" magic at the invitation of his master Laozi. Thousands of miles away in Huashan, he returned a few days later and found that his body had been accidentally burned by his disciples. Suddenly he saw a starving corpse nearby, and he had an idea and said, "That's it." That is, it entered through the forehead of the hungry corpse, and after the soul returned to its shell, it turned into a shaggy tendril. , an ugly man with a black face, giant eyes, and a limp on his right foot. It seems that he is a Taoist immortal who was passed down by word of mouth among the people and became a master of all things.

Zhongli Quan

Among the Eight Immortals, the most famous after Tieguai Li is Zhongli Quan. He has a higher status among the Eight Immortals, especially due to the praise of Taoists, and his reputation is even greater. During the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Zhendao was regarded as the "Zhengyang Patriarch". Regarding his character prototype, it probably appeared during the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. "Xuanhe Chronicle", "Yi Jian Zhi", "Song History" and other books all have records of his deeds, but he was later mistaken for Han Zhongli...>>

Question 2: Eight Immortals Which dynasties are they? The Eight Immortals are the eight Taoist immortals widely circulated in Chinese folklore. Before the Ming Dynasty, there were different versions of the name of the Eight Immortals. There were the Eight Immortals of the Han Dynasty, the Eight Immortals of the Tang Dynasty, and the Eight Immortals of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The immortals listed were all different. In the Ming Dynasty Wu Yuantai's "Journey to the East" it was originally defined as: Tieguai Li (Li Xuan), Han Zhongli (Zhongli Quan), Zhang Guolao (Zhang Guo), Lu Dongbin (Lv Yan), He Xiangu (He Qiong), Lan Caihe (Xu Jian), Han Xiangzi, Cao Guoshu (Cao Jingxiu).

According to the research of lay scholar Huaxuan, the theory of the Eight Immortals began to appear during a gathering at Stalagmite Mountain at the invitation of Tieguai Li in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, eight immortals crossed the sea, each showing his magical powers and famous sayings.

Another meaning refers to traditional Chinese-style windows, such as our common square desktops or walls, with patterns on the four corners and patterns in the middle. We usually call this pattern distribution form the Eight Immortals, commonly known as the Four. Dish and soup. There is also the smallest component of the Chinese window lattice, or the connecting piece, which is also called the Eight Immortals, and is divided into two types: the Ming Eight Immortals and the Dark Eight Immortals.

Question 3: Are the Eight Immortals from the same dynasty? No

1. Tieguai Li Tieguai Li is the first of the Eight Immortals in folklore. Some books say that his surname is Li and his given name is Flood. He was from Xiaxia in the Sui Dynasty

2. Zhongli of the Han Dynasty is among the Eight Immortals. The higher the status, especially due to the praise of Taoists, the greater the reputation. During the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Zhendao was regarded as the "Zhengyang Patriarch". The prototype of his character appeared around the time of the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. "Xuanhe Chronicle", "Yi Jian Zhi", "Song History" and other books all have records of his deeds, but it was only later that he was mistakenly identified as Zhongli of the Han Dynasty, and he was attached to the Han Dynasty

3 Zhang Guolao Zhang Guo Lao is an elderly immortal among the Eight Immortals, named "Zhang Guo". Because he is the oldest among the Eight Immortals, people respectfully call him "Zhang Guolao". There is actually a Zhang Guo in history, who was from the Tang Dynasty

4 Lu Dongbin Lu Dongbin Among the Eight Immortals, Lu Dongbin has the most popular stories. In Taoism, Quanzhen Taoism regards him as the "Chunyang Patriarch", also known as "Lu Zu". Most researchers have always believed that Lu Dongbin's surname was Lu Mingyan, who was born in the late Tang Dynasty

5 He Xiangu He Xiangu He Xiangu is the only woman among the Eight Immortals, and there are different opinions about her life experience. One said she was from the Tang Dynasty. It is said that she is from the Song Dynasty

6 Lan Caihe Among the Eight Immortals, there is a cynical, crazy but not crazy begging Taoist immortal named Lan Caihe. His deeds are recorded in books such as Shen Fen's "Xuxian Zhuan" in the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Taiping Guangji" in the early Song Dynasty, and Lu You's "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty". This is a common saying of Han Xiangzi, a man from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. Han Xiangzi was the nephew (some say grandnephew) of Han Yu, a famous litterateur in the Tang Dynasty. According to "Tang Shu? Genealogy List of Prime Ministers", "Youyang Zazu", "Taiping" Books such as "Guangji" and "Xianzhuan Supplements" have introduced him.

8. Cao Guojiu. Cao Guojiu, ranked last among the Eight Immortals, appeared the latest and has fewer fairy tales spread. The stories about his life experience are similar, and they are all related to Empress Cao of Song Renzong.

Question 4: Which dynasty did the Eight Immortals cross the sea? There are different opinions on the name of the Eight Immortals before the Ming Dynasty. There are the Eight Immortals of the Han Dynasty, the Eight Immortals of the Tang Dynasty, and the Eight Immortals of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The immortals listed are all different. By the Ming Dynasty, Wu Yuantai's "Eight Immortals' Origin Journey to the East" was originally defined as: Tieguaili, Zhongli Quan (Zhongli Quan of the Han Dynasty), Lu Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guojiu, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe, He Xiangu

Question 5: In which dynasty did the Eight Immortals cross the sea first appear? The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea is one of the most popular stories about the Eight Immortals. It was first seen in the drama "The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea". It is said that the Immortal Baiyun once returned to Penglai Fairy Island when the peonies were in full bloom, and invited the Eight Immortals and the Five Saints to attend the grand ceremony. On the way back, Tieguaili (or Lu Dongbin) suggested not to take a boat but to think of their own ways. The origin of "supernatural powers" or "the eight immortals crossing the sea, each according to his own ability". At this time, Li Tieguai threw down his other magical weapon, the iron crutch (or gourd), Han Zhongli threw the banana fan, Zhang Guolao put down his mount "paper donkey", and other gods also threw their magical weapons into the water and crossed the East China Sea. As the Eight Immortals' actions alarmed the Dragon Palace, the Dragon King of the East China Sea led his soldiers and crabs to discuss the matter. Unexpectedly, there was a conflict and Lan Caihe was taken back to the Dragon Palace (it was also said that the instrument was robbed). After that, the Eight Immortals went on a killing spree and killed the dragon in anger, while the Dragon King of the East China Sea cooperated with the Dragon King of the North Sea, the South China Sea and the West Sea, causing chaos for a while. At this time, Cao Guojiu took out the jade board to clear the way, moved the giant gun to both sides, and successfully crossed the sea. Finally, Nanhai Guanyin Bodhisattva (or Tathagata Buddha) came forward to mediate and asked the East China Sea Dragon King to release Lan Caihe, and the two sides ceased fighting. In addition to the above, there are also some word-of-mouth legends about the Eight Immortals among the people, including the tragic story of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea". During the Jianlong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Salmon Island (today's Miao Island) was a place where the imperial court imprisoned prisoners. Starting from the third year of Jianlong, all soldiers who broke the law were sent to Salmon Island. Year after year, there are more and more prisoners on the island. However, the imperial court only allocates food rations to 300 people on the island every year, so the food is becoming increasingly insufficient. Later, Li Qing, the head guard of Salmon Island, came up with a cruel method: when the number of prisoners exceeded 300, he would tie some of their hands and feet and throw them into the sea to drown, so that the number of prisoners on the island would always be kept at 300. More than 700 people were killed in two years. In order to survive, prisoners often jumped into the sea to escape, but most of them were swallowed up by the waves. Once, more than 50 prisoners received the news that they were about to be killed. Taking advantage of the clear sky and bright moonlight, he avoided the guards, jumped into the sea with gourds and wood in his arms, and swam toward Penglai Mountain. It was about thirty miles from Salmon Island to Penglai. Most of the prisoners on the way were exhausted and drowned in the water. Only eight strong travelers with martial arts skills were left. They swam to the shore by the current and found themselves on Danya in the north of Penglai City. He hid in the lion's cave at the foot of the mountain. The next day, the fishermen discovered them. When they heard that the eight people had swam across the sea from Salmon Island, they were all surprised and called them "gods". This matter spread among the people, and became more and more mysterious. , they were legendary as the "Eight Immortals", which evolved into today's story of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea".

Question 6: Who are the Eight Immortals in each dynasty? The Eight Immortals are the eight Taoist gods widely circulated in Han folklore.

Before the Ming Dynasty, there were different versions of the name of the Eight Immortals. There were the Eight Immortals of the Han Dynasty, the Eight Immortals of the Tang Dynasty, and the Eight Immortals of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The immortals listed were all different. By the Ming Dynasty, Wu Yuantai's "Journey to the East" was originally defined as: Tieguai Li (Li Xuan), Han Zhongli (Zhongli Quan), Zhang Guolao, Lan Caihe, He Xiangu, Lu Dongbin (Lv Yan), Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu ( Cao Jingxiu). According to the research of lay scholar Huaxuan, the theory of the Eight Immortals began to appear during a gathering at Stalagmite Mountain at the invitation of Tieguai Li in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, eight immortals crossed the sea, each showing his magical powers and famous sayings.

1. The eight Taoist immortals in Han folklore.

The story of the Eight Immortals has been recorded in Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, and their images are also seen in Yuan dramas, but their names are not yet fixed.

In the "Biography of the Origin of the Eight Immortals on their Journey to the East" by Wu Yuantai of the Ming Dynasty, eight people were identified as Tieguaili, Zhongli Quan, Zhang Guolao, Lan Caihe, He Xiangu, Lu Dongbin, Han Xiangzi, and Cao Guojiu .

Please refer to "Pujiang Qing Wenlu? Test of the Eight Immortals".

2. Refers to Mr. Rong Chenggong, Li Er, Dong Zhongshu, Zhang Daoling, Zhuang Junping, Li Babai, Fan Changsheng and Erzhu.

[Jin] Qiao Xiu's "Shu Ji" believes that all eight people achieved enlightenment and became immortals in Shu.

3. Refers to Li Bai, He Zhizhang, Li Shizhi, Ruyang Wangli, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin, Zhang Xu and Jiao Sui.

The eight people all like to drink and compose poems, so they are called the "Eight Immortals in Wine". See "New Book of Tang? Biography of Li Bai". Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking".

4. Refers to the eight most famous retainers of Liu An, King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty, namely Su Fei, Lu Shang, Zuo Yuan, Tian You, Lei Qui, Mao Pi, Wu Qui, and Jinchang.

According to legend, Liu An and eight others became immortals after taking the elixir. Therefore, later generations called these eight "Eight Gongs" or "Eight Immortals".

Question 7: What dynasty do the Eight Immortals refer to? There were different opinions on the name of the Eight Immortals before the Ming Dynasty. There were the Eight Immortals of the Han Dynasty, the Eight Immortals of the Tang Dynasty, and the Eight Immortals of the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The immortals listed were different. By the Ming Dynasty, Wu Yuantai's "Journey to the East" was originally defined as: Tieguai Li (Li Xuan), Han Zhongli (Zhongli Quan), Zhang Guolao (Zhang Guo), Lu Dongbin (Lv Yan), He Xiangu (He Qiong), Lan Caihe , Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu (Cao Jingxiu). According to the research of lay scholar Huaxuan, the theory of the Eight Immortals began to appear during a gathering at Stalagmite Mountain at the invitation of Tieguai Li in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, eight immortals crossed the sea, each showing his magical powers and famous sayings.

Question 8: In what dynasty was the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea? The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea is a story from the late Tang Dynasty. So if I have to say, it should be from the Tang Dynasty.