A: The basic requirements for writing a good letter are:

Clear thinking. The purpose of writing letters is to exchange ideas, information, discuss things and coordinate actions with others. Only with a clear intention and sincere attitude can others easily understand and trust themselves. Special letters should also have clear intentions and sincere words, and try to avoid vague and insincere words.

State clearly. When you write a letter, you should be clear about everything you say, don't beat around the bush and write it in an obscure way. Special letters should be clearer. Explain clearly, let the other party fully understand, and then make a decision.

The content is specific. All kinds of letters must be specific, exact and as detailed as possible when describing things, making demands and answering questions. Some special letters with clauses should be specific and clear.

The language is appropriate. The language and tone used in writing letters vary according to different objects, uses and contents.

2. What's the difference between special letters and ordinary letters?

A: The difference between special letters and ordinary letters lies in:

(1) Special letters often have titles indicating their nature, and some even add modifiers to the contents before the titles. Ordinary letters have no titles.

(2) The address of the recipient of a special letter can be written in the first line at the beginning, some can be written in another line after the text, and some can be written in the text. Generally speaking, the address of the recipient is written in the first line at the beginning.

(3) Many special letters should be stamped with official seals at designated places to show caution. General letters do not need to be stamped except those written by the company.

3. What kinds of administrative documents are there in China?

A: There are twelve types of administrative documents in China, which were issued by the General Office of the State Council on February 20 14 1987, revised on October 2 1993,1October 2 1 revised,/kloc-0.

4. Briefly describe the basic format of administrative document writing.

A: The elements of administrative document format can be divided into three parts: head, body and tail.

Prefix part: official document prefix is also called prefix. This part includes document format coding, number of copies, classification, urgency, document name, document number, issuer, etc. , located at the top of the document home page.

-Document format code, also known as document retrieval code, is a symbol of document classification, which consists of 9 Arabic numerals and is marked in the upper left corner of the first page of the document for automatic document retrieval.

-Part number, that is, file number, refers to the serial number of a specific file in the total print run of the file, which is located in the upper left corner of the header and below the file format code, and generally consists of 6-digit Arabic numeral codes. When the number is less than the specified number, the front is filled with "0".

-classification, that is, the secret level of official documents, is divided into three levels: "secret" and "secret". Located in the upper left corner of the document title, below the part number. It should also be marked on the envelope.

-urgency, divided into "extremely urgent" and "extremely urgent", written in the upper left corner of the document, below the security level; It should also be marked on the envelope.

-the name of the official document, that is, the name of the official document. It consists of the name of the organization that made the document plus the word "document". The name of the institution shall be in full name or standardized abbreviation, generally printed in large red font in the middle position above the homepage.

-Document number, which is the document code arranged by the issuing authority, is located directly below and in the middle of the document name, and includes three parts: agency generation, year and serial number; For official documents without prefix, the document number is located at the lower right of the title.

-Issuer, refers to the person in charge of the organ that approves and issues the manuscript, which is generally used for uploading, and is in the same line as the document number. When marking papers, move the document number from the middle position to the left, write the issuer on the right and sign your name.

There is also a horizontal line below the symbol and above the title, which is a red line separating the head and the writing part. Administrative documents are marked with red horizontal lines, and Party documents are marked with red five-pointed stars in the middle of the red horizontal lines.

Body part: Also called body part. Including title, main sending organ, text, attachment, issuing organ, written time, seal, remarks, etc.

-Title, located in the center just below the interval horizontal line and above the main feeding mechanism, with font larger than the text and smaller than the file name. A complete official document title consists of three parts: the name of the issuing authority, reasons and writing.

-the main sending organ, that is, the sending and receiving organ, is the organ that mainly receives and undertakes official documents. The top box is written to the left of the line between the title and the text, with a colon.

-Text, which is the theme and core part of the document, is located in the next line of the main delivery organ, and the first sentence is written in two spaces. Generally, it is divided into three parts: the beginning, the main body and the end.

-Attachments, which are an integral part of the text, can be divided into two categories: one is attached to the text as a supplementary explanation or confirmation reference, and the words "attachment" or "attachment" are written in the left margin between the text and the issuing authority or writing time, followed by a colon, and then the order and name of the attachments are indicated. The other is the rules and regulations issued by official documents (such as orders, notices, reports, etc.). ) and the documents submitted to the higher authorities or approved (or forwarded) to the lower authorities are directly attached to the back of the text.

-The issuing authority, that is, the legal author of the official document, is located at the lower right of the text or the annex, and there should be a certain gap between the text and the annex for printing; The last word should not be aligned with the last word to the right of each line in the text. Generally, in order to make it patchwork, it is advisable to take back four or five words.

-Written time refers to the time when the document was formed. Write it on the next line of the issuing authority, slightly staggered to the right, and the last word should not be aligned with the last word on the right of each line. It is generally advisable to take back two or three words; If there is no named issuing authority, the written time should be written in the lower right of the text.

-seal is the symbol of official documents, and it should be stamped with the issuing authority and time correctly and clearly, and it is not allowed to press the words up and the month down.

-Notes, which are used to explain various matters that cannot be explained by other matters in the official document, are located at the lower left of the written time with brackets.

At the end of the article: including subject words, cc office, printed logo, etc.

-Subject words are highly generalized and standardized words that express the content, nature and affiliation of official documents, and are composed of nouns or noun phrases. At the top of the end of the article, the words "subject words" are written in the top box on the left, followed by colons, and then several nouns or noun phrases are arranged in turn from left to right, leaving a space between words.

-CC authorities, located below the subject words and above the printed marks, separated by black lines. Write the word "CC" with a colon on the left, and then specify the CC office.

-Print marks, that is, print instructions, refer to the descriptive records of documents, including the name of the document printing unit, the date of printing and the number of copies printed, which are located under the subject words or cc offices and separated by black lines. The issuing authority and date are written on the left and right ends of the same line, with a blank word at the beginning and end of the line, a black line at the top and bottom, and the total number of issues written in brackets at the right of the black line.

5. Briefly describe the writing requirements of the investigation report.

A: The writing requirements of the investigation report are:

-conduct an in-depth investigation and fully grasp the materials. Investigation is the basis, premise and premise of writing a good investigation report. Generally speaking, more time is spent on research than writing. Grasp the materials comprehensively, directly, indirectly, historically, realistically, sharply, superficially, for and against, and listen to typical examples, statistics, positive success experiences and negative failure lessons. At the same time, we should pay attention to the investigation methods and skills. In addition to traditional methods such as holding investigation meetings and individual conversations, modern investigation methods such as abstract investigation, public opinion survey, expert argumentation and computer technology should be actively used.

-Seriously study and scientifically analyze the materials. The purpose of the investigation is to study the problem and draw scientific conclusions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct scientific analysis and comprehensive research on the obtained materials, remove the rough and select the fine, remove the false and retain the true, and identify the true and false, so as to make it scientific and systematic. In our analysis and research, we must take Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guidance and adhere to the Party's Four Cardinal Principles. The correct guiding ideology ensures the correctness and sensitivity of the analysis and research.

-determine the theme and carefully select materials. The better the selection of materials, the principle is to focus on the theme, highlight the theme, and realize the unity of views and materials. First, choose a typical case. Whether the materials have typical significance mainly depends on whether they are representative and whether they can explain their views forcefully, appropriately and vividly. Secondly, we should provide exact data. Accurate numerical statistics can reveal the essence and laws of things from the organic combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, enhance the accuracy and comparability of defining the essence and characteristics of things, and have greater generalization, explanation and expressive power. But sometimes it is necessary to explain or speak some background materials in popular language to highlight the value of numbers. Thirdly, we should use comparative materials. It can be a comparison between past and present, old and new, positive and negative, good and bad, success and failure, and so on. Fourth, the layout should be reasonable, the title of the material should be arranged properly, and it should be simple, specific and clear. The text is divided into three parts: the beginning, the main body and the end. At the beginning, it is required to cut to the chase, outline and stick to the theme. According to the content, there are generally four ways to write the theme part. First, according to the nature of things, the "horizontal structure" of materials is organized in parallel from several aspects, also known as "parallel structure"; The second is to arrange materials according to the sequence of occurrence and development of things, divide them into several interrelated levels, and analyze and explain the "vertical structure" layer by layer; The third is to follow the cognitive activity law of the author or reader, and start with the external situation of the transaction, revealing the "progressive structure" of the internal relationship of things step by step; Fourth, "comprehensive structure" means that the above structures are intertwined and interspersed with each other. At the end, be brief and to the point.

In addition, the language of the investigation report should be accurate and concise, and the words should be appropriate. Don't use empty words, big words and cliches, but pay attention to the vividness and image of the language.

6. Briefly describe the writing requirements and precautions of the company's articles of association and regulations?

A: Requirements for writing articles of association: The articles of association generally consist of three parts: title, name and date of the meeting adopted, and text. The title consists of the name of the organ, group or organization and the "articles of association" in the language used. The name and date of the meeting adopted shall be indicated in brackets under the title, indicating the name and date of the meeting that adopted the Articles of Association, and the year, month and day shall be clearly written. There are two ways to write the text: rich articles of association, and some write "general outline" in front as the command of the full text, and then describe it in chapters and articles.

Some articles of association are mainly composed of three parts: the general part focuses on the reasons, basis, purpose and scope of application of the articles of association, which has the nature of preface; Sub-rules, focusing on the specific content of the articles of association; Supplementary provisions generally explain the time of adoption, promulgation and implementation and the relevant authority. Articles of association with relatively simple contents are generally written in the form of clauses.

Attention should be paid to writing articles of association: First, it conforms to policies and regulations. Second, the content system is thorough. The third is clarity. Fourth, the words are precise and simple.

Requirements for the compilation of laws and regulations: Laws and regulations generally consist of three parts: title, publisher, time and text.

There are generally two ways to write the text: one is to use the method of column narration, with the purpose and basis as the first article, and then write the specific rules of the regulations, and put the implementation instructions in the last article or articles. Second, according to the logical relationship between the contents of each part, it is divided into three parts: general rules, specific rules and supplementary rules.

Attention should be paid to writing laws and regulations: first, it conforms to the principles and policies of the party and the state, and conforms to the constitution and laws; Second, we should pay attention to the content, be straightforward, clear and complete, focus on what should and should not be done, and don't discuss and reason more; Third, the language used in laws and regulations should be concise, simple and solemn to prevent repetition and ambiguity, so as to better reflect the political and ideological power of the content.

7. What kinds of notices are there? How to write a commendation notice?

A: According to the content, notifications are divided into three types: praise notification, criticism notification and information notification:

According to the form, there are two kinds of direct notification and relayed notification.

In the writing method of commendation notice, there is a preface at the beginning of the text, which briefly States the background, basis, content and decision of the notice, and some notices do not write a preface. Then describe the typical facts, the facts should be clear and clear, and then focus on them, and make appropriate comments and analysis on them, on this basis, make a praise decision. Finally, the advanced deeds of calling, hoping and calling for learning should be closely linked to the facts, and should not be said in vain.

8. What kinds of reports are there? How to write a special report?

A: According to the purpose and reporting requirements, reports are divided into reportable reports and transmittable reports. According to the contents of the report, there are four kinds of reports: reportable report, suggestion report, reply report and submission report. Among them, reportable report, reply report and submission report belong to reportable report, while suggestive report belongs to transitive report.

When writing a special report, we should first summarize the reported and reflected special work, draw a general conclusion, then describe it in detail, and arrange the structure according to the order of achievements (or experience), measures (or practices), existing shortcomings (or problems) and next steps.

9. When will the request be used?

A: Asking for instructions is generally used in the following situations: matters that must be approved by superiors, such as appointment and dismissal of cadres, financial expenses, capital construction, project establishment, and institutional adjustment. Matters that are difficult to solve at work and need the support and help of superiors; Matters that need to be handled when new situations and problems are encountered in the work and there are no rules to follow; Matters that are not clear about the relevant guidelines, policies and instructions and need further clarification from superiors; Due to the special circumstances of the unit, it is difficult to implement the unified regulations of the higher authorities for a while, and it needs to be handled flexibly; Units have different opinions, can not be unified, work is difficult to carry out, and matters that need to be decided by superiors, and so on. We must ask for instructions in advance in all the above situations, and we must never "act first" or "act while acting" or "act without acting". This is a question of organization and discipline.

10. What is the letter? How to write letters?

A: Letters can be divided into negotiation letters according to the scope and nature of use; There are four types of inquiry letter, application letter and reply letter. The first three are letters, also called inquiry letters, letters and letters. The latter is a reply, also called a reply.

The writing method of the letter, briefly describing the reason and purpose of writing at the beginning; The main text is mainly about statements, which should specify the relevant matters of consultation, inquiry and request, with concentrated content, one letter and one thing, and put forward hopes or demands; Finally, according to whether to reply, use different idioms. Words should be modest and sincere, honest and decent, and don't use polite words and greetings.

1 1. Similarities and differences between official documents and legal documents.

A: Similarity: It is widely used in official activities and has strong policy, standardization and pertinence.

Difference:

(1) From the author's identity, the legal author of official documents is the leading organs, units or their leaders at all levels; The author of the transaction document can be a specific functional department or office staff.

(2) From the standard of format, official documents have a strict and unified legal format stipulated by the state, with strict production authority, writing rules and processing procedures; The format of business official documents is a conventional format, which does not have strict requirements like official documents, nor does it have strict and standardized production authority, writing rules and processing procedures.

(3) From a practical point of view, official documents have high authority and binding force, and their statutory functions are extremely obvious; The transaction documents only have reference and guidance functions, and have no statutory functions.

(4) From the direction of writing, official documents can be written in separate words and published directly with "red-headed documents", which has a fixed direction of writing; Business documents are often published by means of some kind of official documents, and the writing direction is also very flexible.

(5) From the point of expression, official documents mainly focus on description, and also use narration and discussion; However, while using the above three means of expression, business documents can appropriately use descriptions and other means.

12. What is the structure of the investigation report?

A: There are four ways to structure the investigation report: one is to classify things according to their nature and organize materials in parallel from several aspects, also known as "parallel structure"; The second is to arrange materials according to the sequence of occurrence and development of things, divide them into several interrelated levels, and analyze and explain the "vertical structure" layer by layer; Thirdly, following the law of cognitive activities of the author or reader, starting from the external situation of things, the internal "progressive structure" of things is deeply revealed layer by layer; The fourth is a "comprehensive structure" that uses the above structures at the same time, staggered and interspersed.

13. What should be stated in the summary text?

A: The following contents should be explained in the summary text;

Review the basic situation. Write at the beginning and briefly describe the basic situation, including the process, background, effect and harvest.

Achievements, practices, experiences and understandings. This is the main part of the summary. Generally, after a comprehensive analysis and study of the basic situation, the achievements, main practices and typical experiences are expounded in detail. However, some summaries take experience and practice as a part, focusing on what aspects of the current transcripts are and how they were obtained. Some sum up, only write experiences, experiences or reasons, and integrate achievements and practices. As for experience and experience, there is no strict difference between them. Often when writing, you don't write about the experience, and when you write, you don't write about the experience.

Existing problems and future direction. Some summaries, after clarifying achievements and experiences, point out the existing problems and explain how to carry forward achievements, learn lessons, overcome shortcomings and move on, but these contents are generally very simple.

14. What are the writing requirements of the briefing?

A: The writing requirements of the briefing are:

One must be true, that is, the content must be true and accurate. The people and things reflected in the bulletin shall not be fictitious, nor shall they just report good news without reporting worries. Of course, comprehensive induction, refining, concentration and processing are allowed, in order to reflect the original appearance of objective things more accurately.

Second, to be new means to have new and typical materials. Briefing strives to provide people with new situations, new experiences and new problems. Therefore, we should carefully analyze, choose a good angle, be good at capturing and disseminating new information, show the latest state and development trend of things, be good at finding out typical materials that are of reference value to superiors or units at the same level and have guiding effect on grassroots units, and write innovative briefings in accurate and vivid language.

Third, to be quick means to reflect quickly and promptly. Briefing is the "light cavalry" in government documents, paying special attention to timeliness. We should have a strong sense of time in collecting information, sorting out materials, editing and distributing, and require quick writing, quick editing, quick review, quick printing, quick delivery and quick writing. To this end, when writing a briefing, we must have a keen mind, a high sense of responsibility, be good at seeing the general and observing the nuances, be good at tracking and capturing all kinds of information, and dig out materials or clues that leaders care about and need to know urgently.

Fourth, be concise, that is, the text should be concise and clear. Briefing is a "thousand-character essay", and the richest content should be expressed with the least words. Also pay attention to the topic selection, one by one; The selection of materials should be strict, and the most important issues should be explained in the most concise language; Don't have too many editions

15. What are the "three elements" of the plan?

A: The "three elements" of the plan are: objectives (what to do), measures (how to do it) and steps (when to finish it). The goal (what to do) is the work goal and task to be achieved in the plan, and it is also the direction of planning efforts, which should be written clearly and specifically; Measures (how to do it) are the measures and methods adopted when implementing the plan, and also the guarantee for realizing the plan, which should be practical; Steps (when to finish), which is the specific arrangement of the planned progress. It is also the working procedure and time arrangement to realize the plan, which should be written in line with reality.

16. What principles should be followed when signing a contract?

A: The principles of equality, freedom of contract, fairness, honesty and credibility, public order and good customs (that is, public order and good customs) should be implemented when signing contracts.

17. What are the general terms of an economic contract?

A: The general terms of an economic contract include: the name and domicile of the parties, name, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, time limit, place and method of performance, liability for breach of contract, and ways to resolve disputes.

18. What should I pay attention to when writing regulations?

A: When writing laws and regulations, we should pay attention to the following points: First, laws and regulations have the nature of laws and regulations, and they should conform to the principles and policies of the party and the state, as well as the Constitution and laws; We must proceed from reality and seek truth from facts; Carry out democratic centralism and fully develop democracy. The second is to write the regulations well, pay attention to directness, directness, clarity and completeness in content, and focus on what to do and what not to do, without much discussion and reasoning. Third, the language used in laws and regulations should be concise, clear, simple and solemn; To prevent repetition and ambiguity, so as to better reflect the policy and ideological content.

19. Briefly describe the composition and writing method of document numbers.

A: The document number of the official document is located in the center directly below the name of the document, including the agency generation word, year number and serial number. Such as "Shanghai government issued? "25" means that this is the 25th document issued by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government in 1997. Two or more organs jointly issue a document, as long as the document number of the host organ is indicated.

20. Briefly describe the composition and writing methods of official document titles.

Answer: The titles of official documents located directly below the horizontal line and above the main delivery organ should be written accurately, concisely and clearly. Font is larger than text and smaller than document name. Generally, it consists of three parts: issuing authority, reason and language. For example, in the official document title "Notice of General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Measures for Handling Official Documents of State Administrative Organs", "General Office of the State Council" is the issuing authority.

2 1. Marking position and matters needing attention of official document "main delivery organ"

Answer: The main sending organ, that is, the receiving organ, is the organ that mainly receives and undertakes official documents. The top box is written to the left of the line between the title and the text, with a colon. Generally speaking, the main sending organ, especially the main sending organ that asks for instructions, only writes one. For another or several higher authorities that need to be submitted at the same time, the form of cc can be adopted. The following items may have one or more main delivery mechanisms. For example, the main sending organ is the requesting organ that responds to the request of the lower level; However, there are several main sending agencies for general documents issued by higher authorities to lower authorities, even including all lower authorities. In this case, the main delivery organ often uses general terms.

22. What are the drafting requirements for the title of the briefing?

A: The title is the eyes of the briefing. The proposed topic should be as accurate, concise, novel and attractive as possible, so that people can know the general content of the briefing at a glance. Some can also be subtitled.

23. How to write the briefing?

A: For an important briefing, a short explanation is often written to explain the reason or purpose of writing this briefing, so as to attract readers' attention. Most of the comments are written according to the opinions of the leading comrades of the unit, which is instructive. If they have any comments, they will write "According to Comrade XXX's comments, we will forward this circular as follows for the reference of all departments"; Others highlight the focus and center of the briefing in the form of an outline to achieve the purpose of emphasis and publicity. Comments are written under the interval red line in the header part; Above the title, the left and right margins should not be flush with the text. Generally, each line should be indented by two or three words.

24. Basic writing of briefing text.

25. Why should we pay attention to the blending of emotion, reason and things in the speech?

A: As a means to publicize and educate the masses, a speech should convince people with reason as well as emotion. However, the truth is more abstract and the feelings are more internal. If there is too much direct reasoning and lyricism, the content will easily appear vague. Therefore, the speaker should be good at expressing his feelings and explaining the truth with concrete and vivid examples or other perceptual materials.

26. What are the two main aspects of the vividness of speech language?

A: The vividness of speech language is mainly manifested in:

The first is image and humor. This refers to the use of image language to express abstract concepts and truths, and the use of irony, exaggeration, pun and other rhetorical devices to enhance the interest of the language, so that the audience will not be bored when listening to the speech, and will be inspired and educated in laughter.

Followed by alertness and exquisiteness. If the speech is to be thought-provoking and produce exciting results, it needs moving sentences with profound philosophy and warning strategies, and it should burst into dazzling flashes of thought from time to time. Therefore, in the writing of speeches, we should be good at quoting ready-made famous aphorisms or creating profound and incisive sentences.

27. General requirements of speech structure.

A: Let me briefly talk about the general writing requirements at the beginning, middle and end of a speech.

At the beginning, some people took advantage of the "town field" effect of drama performance to demand that the speech start is reasonable. Of course, the way of "putting on a show" in a speech is different from that in a drama. It mainly relies on the charm of the language itself, or strategically puts forward thought-provoking questions, or designs compelling situations or suspense, thus bringing the audience into the world that the speaker can show.

Theme. This part of the content is mainly to repeatedly clarify the central issue of the speech, and the space is limited; Explain the problem clearly and thoroughly. Therefore, structurally, this part of the content needs to pay attention to organization and rigor.

The ending. Relatively simple, in general, it is to use accurate and powerful language to encourage and expect, or to use thought-provoking language to make people think.

28. Three ways to write the main part of the investigation report.

A: According to the content, there are generally three ways to write the main part of the investigation report. First, according to the nature of things, organize materials in parallel from several aspects. This structure can make the article clear and prominent. The second is to arrange the materials according to the sequence of events and development, and divide them into several interrelated levels. Analysis at every level shows that this structure can make the context of the article clear and help readers understand the ins and outs of things. Another is to follow the law of the author's or reader's cognitive activities, and start with the external situation of things to reveal the internal relations of things step by step.