Philosophy is the knowledge about the world outlook, which reflects the common essence and laws of all things and often gives people an abstract and mysterious feeling. Introducing interesting examples and illustrations of philosophy can significantly lower the starting point of philosophical thinking and make philosophy abstract, popular and easy to understand. Such interesting philosophical examples mainly include life stories, fables, proverbs, allusions and philosophical quotes. Using them to create teaching situations can enrich perceptual materials, help to turn abstract into concrete, and turn boring into vivid. For example, the story of "Demjan's Soup" is used to talk about quantitative change and qualitative change, idioms are used to talk about the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, and "Kannikin's Law" is used to talk about the relationship between system and elements, and so on. Philosophical examples mainly include historical facts, news and current affairs, social hotspots, scientific achievements and so on. The introduction of philosophical examples is conducive to enhancing the scientificity and credibility of philosophical theories. For example, using EMUs to talk about innovation, tailoring to specific problems, talking about values with stories that touched the top ten celebrities in China, and using people's role in earthquake relief as the main body of social history will all play a role in stimulating interest in learning. When I was talking about the box of "knowing the movement and grasping the law", I used the schematic animation of the whole process of launching, flying to the moon and braking of China "Chang 'e-1" project to create a teaching scene as the main clue of teaching, and asked: Why did the "Chang 'e-1" lunar exploration satellite change its orbit many times during the launching process? What do you mean by acceleration and deceleration? Has its sky changed or eliminated the gravity of the earth? Does the law of universal gravitation work? Guide students to deeply analyze the scientific truth and the embodied philosophical truth, and break through the key and difficult contents such as the fundamental attribute of matter, the regularity of the movement of things, and the fact that things should be handled according to the law. In the whole classroom teaching, all students have always maintained an active interest in participating. This is for your reference. Why must we improve the ability of independent innovation? The "Proposal" points out that enhancing the ability of independent innovation is the strategic basis of scientific and technological development and the central link of adjusting industrial structure and transforming growth mode. This is an important judgment made from the overall situation of China's economic and social development, and it is the fundamental strategic deployment of China's scientific and technological development and industrial structure optimization and upgrading in the next five years and even for a long time to come. Since the reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's scientific and technological development level and the technical composition of industrial structure, and the quality of the labor force has also been greatly improved. On the whole, however, in the face of ever-changing scientific and technological changes, increasingly strengthened resource and environmental constraints, and fierce international competition characterized by innovation and technological upgrading, China's weak independent innovation capability has increasingly become a bottleneck for development. Accelerating the improvement of independent innovation ability is an important task to guide China's economic development during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period. It is an urgent need to accelerate the transformation of economic growth mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, enhance China's comprehensive national strength and competitiveness, and fundamentally safeguard national economic security in the fierce international competition. The objective conditions for improving the capability of independent innovation during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period have been met, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, foreign technology reserves are eager to obtain new markets, which creates conditions for us to give full play to our late-comer advantages, introduce necessary technologies and take the initiative to choose, making it possible for China's independent innovation to stand at a higher starting point and pay lower costs; Second, the domestic talent and scientific and technological reserves have been well established, and the R&D capability of enterprises has been significantly enhanced, thanks to the implementation of China's reform and opening up policy; Third, the huge domestic demand market will provide a broad space for innovation; Fourth, China's public financial strength has been greatly enhanced; Fifth, the institutional mechanism to encourage innovation has been gradually established, and the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights has been strengthened. Participating in distribution according to factors has become an important distribution principle, and the national policy system supporting independent innovation in taxation, depreciation, finance and investment is taking shape. To improve the ability of independent innovation, we must adhere to the correct direction and path. Vigorously improve the original innovation ability and form an important foundation for innovation and the main source of scientific and technological competitiveness. It is necessary to vigorously strengthen the ability of integrated innovation, form the advantages of integrated innovation of individual related technologies, and strive to achieve overall breakthroughs in key areas. It is necessary to speed up the introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, make full use of the global stock of science and technology, form a late-comer advantage, and accelerate development. In order to improve the ability of independent innovation, we must establish the role of enterprises in independent innovation, accelerate the construction of a technological innovation system combining Industry-University-Research, and strive to realize the industrialization of new technologies. We should give full play to the government's strategic orientation, comprehensive coordination and service functions, and create a better innovation environment. A strong innovation incentive system is the fundamental institutional guarantee to enhance the ability of independent innovation. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system, speed up the establishment of an incentive system framework centered on the protection of intellectual property rights, establish and improve venture capital, enhance the incentive effect of the tax system on innovation, and strive to attract and gather high-level innovative leading talents to provide a powerful power source for improving the ability of independent innovation. How to improve the independent innovation ability of research universities is the core of national competitiveness. Only when a country has strong independent innovation ability can it seize the opportunity and win the initiative in the fierce international competition. The central government insisted on putting the promotion of independent innovation in a prominent position in all scientific and technological work, which complied with the requirements of the situation and was a major strategic choice of the country. Independent innovation includes three meanings in content: first, original innovation, that is, through scientific research and development, efforts are made to obtain more scientific discoveries and technological inventions; The second is integrated innovation, that is, through the integration and convergence of various related technological achievements, products and industries with market competitiveness are formed; Third, introduce technology, digest, absorb and innovate: on the basis of actively introducing foreign advanced technology and equipment, fully digest, absorb and innovate. The process of independent innovation includes two aspects, one is knowledge innovation, and the other is technological innovation. Knowledge innovation focuses on the study of nature and obtains new discoveries, which has basic characteristics and is mainly concentrated in universities and research institutes; Technological innovation focuses on transforming basic scientific research achievements into technologies that serve mankind, emphasizing the application of achievements, which is often dominated by enterprises. The effective combination of knowledge innovation and technological innovation lies in the organic combination of two innovative subjects. That is to say, enterprises, as the main body of technological innovation, take the initiative to invest in universities and scientific research institutions or put forward the required research direction with industrialization in order to obtain original results and realize original innovation. As the main body of knowledge innovation, universities and scientific research institutions actively participate in the process of technological innovation, solve their technological innovation problems with knowledge innovation achievements, and actively transform knowledge innovation achievements into enterprises. Creative, high-starting, high-level and high-quality scientific and technological innovation activities are the unshirkable responsibility and mission of high-level universities, and also the foundation of their leap-forward development. Because of its own advantages, research universities are increasingly becoming the main force of knowledge innovation in China, the cradle of cultivating high-quality innovative talents, an important force to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces, and play an irreplaceable role in the national independent innovation system. For example, multidisciplinary advantages are conducive to interdisciplinary and knowledge innovation; High-level teachers provide strong talent support; Advanced scientific research equipment has created favorable conditions; A relaxed and harmonious academic atmosphere, building a suitable organizational culture, and so on. World-class universities have the strongest knowledge innovation ability and made outstanding contributions to basic, forward-looking and cutting-edge scientific research. According to relevant data, 70% of the major scientific research achievements and the vast majority of Nobel Prize winners who have influenced mankind are from world-class universities. According to relevant statistics, in 2004, the national natural science awards, technological invention awards and scientific and technological progress awards accounted for 64.3%, 60% and 55. 1% of the total respectively. In 2004, the school applied for patents 12997, and was granted patents of 538 1, which made a large number of innovative technological achievements with independent intellectual property rights; In 2003, the school published 18 10000 papers nationwide, accounting for 66% of the total. Universities account for 68.5% of the papers collected by the three retrieval systems (SCI, EI and ISTP in the United States). Most of these achievements are created by research universities. According to the university evaluation published by Wu Shulian in 2004, the scientific research achievements of 36 research universities account for 62. 16% of the national colleges and universities, the number of doctoral supervisors accounts for 58.92% of the national colleges and universities, and the number of graduate students and doctoral students trained accounts for 45.79% and 66.35% of the national colleges and universities respectively. Strengthening the ability of independent innovation is also the need of research universities' own development, and it is the basis for China's research universities to achieve leap-forward development. It is the unshirkable responsibility and mission of China's research universities to create original scientific research achievements with international leading level and cultivate and bring up high-quality elite talents with innovative ability, and it is also the only way to create a world-class university or a world-class university. In the process of building an innovative country in China, colleges and universities, as the largest innovative group of teachers and students, must focus on the basic strategy of scientific and technological innovation, create landmark achievements, gather innovative teams, build discipline bases, strive to improve their ability to solve major scientific and technological problems in China's current and future economic and social development, look at the main battlefield of the national economy, aim at the demand of cutting-edge scientific and technological strategies, focus on national goals, and be driven by major scientific research projects. Strengthen basic, forward-looking and cutting-edge scientific research, realize independent intellectual property rights of key technologies, vigorously promote the industrialization of high and new technologies, and make contributions to the adjustment of national industrial structure and industrial technology upgrading. Seek support in contribution and development in service. Then, how can China's research universities improve their independent innovation ability? According to the experience of the construction and development of Nanjing University's scientific and technological innovation system, the author thinks that we should grasp four aspects. First, innovative ideas. First of all, we should pay full attention to basic research. The development trend of science and technology in 2 1 century is mutual integration, showing the obvious characteristics of "science and technology", and the relationship between science and technology, basic research and application development is getting closer and closer. As the source of independent innovation, basic research determines technological innovation. Who would have thought that the ubiquitous technical basis of computers and the Internet originated from the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics discovered at the beginning of the 20th century, and developed so fast. As Mr. Li Zhengdao said: "Only by attaching importance to basic scientific research can we maintain the ability of independent innovation forever. Whoever attaches importance to basic scientific research will have the initiative and be able to innovate independently. " Therefore, research universities should give full play to the advantages of basic research, strive to improve the original innovation and knowledge innovation ability, and lay a solid foundation for the construction of national independent innovation system. Secondly, we should attach importance to the research work that combines national goals. Research universities are the backbone of a country to enhance its core competitiveness. Therefore, when conducting scientific research, they must closely focus on the needs of national innovation system construction, combine individual free exploration with national goal-oriented research, actively promote the transformation of basic research results into applications, and continuously improve the country's independent innovation ability.