A Confucius said, "He is also filial to his younger brother, but few people like to make mistakes." People who are not good at making mistakes but good at making trouble are not good at making trouble. Gentleman's business is based on inheritance and Taoism. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence! "
Youzi (1) said, "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), while people who like to make mistakes (3) are thick-skinned (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, and it is not there (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7). Filial piety is also the foundation of a person and (8)? "
To annotate ...
(1) Youzi: Confucius' student, surnamed You, whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible. In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.
(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism. The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good.
(3) Attack: attack, attack, attack. Up, refers to the person in the upper position.
(4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning. This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius.
(5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also". There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb.
(6) Service: service, dedication and commitment. Ben is not at all.
(7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings. The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.
(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the category of Confucius' philosophical thought and also a kind of ethical code. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety. Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man.
Interpretative translation
A son said, "People seldom show filial piety to their parents, obey their brothers and like to offend the upper rulers." . I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the truth of governing the country and being a man is established. Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "
You Zi is a disciple of Confucius, whose surname is You, whose name is Ruo and whose name is Ruo. It's called teacher's son here. It must have been written by a student with a son, so it's called teacher's son. "Filial piety" is interpreted in Zhu's notes as "parents are filial and brothers are brothers", which is well understood. Love for parents is filial piety, so we must do our best to serve our parents. For my brother, I still use this love, and a good brother is also dedicated to service. This heart is called filial piety to parents and brothers, but it is actually a kind heart. There are different virtues in the application of this kind of benevolence in the five-ethics relationship. It is called filial piety to parents, kindness to children and filial piety to father. Respect your brother, be friendly to your brother and respect your brother. Be loyal to the leader, be kind to subordinates, love and care for him, be loyal to the monarch, be a leader, be a leader. As far as husband and wife are concerned, the husband is righteous and the woman listens. Righteousness means morality, kindness and friendship, and listening means meekness and harmony. With friends, with all relatives and friends, we should be friendly for a long time and be kind to each other. The older generation, or the older generation, should be kind to the younger generation; Young people should obey and respect the elderly. You see, the ten meanings mentioned by Wu Lun are ten obligations, all of which are the embodiment of the same goodness. This kind heart, what we are talking about now is love, and the benevolent loves others.
If a person can be filial, he will rarely commit crimes. Criminals are people who commit crimes in the world. For example, leaders (subordinates) have a guilty conscience and offend leaders. This "fresh" means less. "Those who are not easy to make mistakes, but good at making trouble, have nothing to do with it", and it doesn't matter without it. This uprising is a rebellion, a rebellion. This sentence, Zhu Zi's note, he explained: "If this person can be filial to his younger brother, he will be calm, less likely to commit crimes, and he will not be able to make trouble." This is a very direct explanation. A person can be filial, caring, filial to his parents, respecting his brothers, and his heart is harmonious. How can this harmonious heart be guilty! Attack is a kind of rebellious attitude. Now let's talk about rebellious attitude. It's not a good thing to be rebellious. If you have a rebellious attitude now, you will commit the crime of insurrection in the future. If you don't make mistakes, you can't mess up.
This sentence has a son to say, filial piety, not easy to make mistakes, not easy to make trouble, is to inherit the previous chapter, this chapter will talk about learning from time to time, but also has a little connection. Learning as mentioned above, what to learn? What is the way of university? Understand morality, stress knowledge, sincerity and integrity. This is inner and inner knowledge. Studying abroad can also be called being close to the people. "The way of university lies in virtue and being close to the people." Being close to the people means caring for the public and making the people as virtuous as me. There are also self-cultivation, harmony, governance, peace, self-cultivation, family planning, governing the country and leveling the world. This is outside. The inside is the body and the outside is the use. This is benevolence, benevolence is benevolence, and benevolence is benevolence outside, that is, benevolence. Here "is the foundation of benevolence", and this "benevolence" is the practice of benevolence, that is, the application of benevolence. The master's learning is benevolence, so it is benevolence to treat others and do things. Because he has restored his benevolent body, that is, Ming De, that is, erudite and sincere. My body recovered, and I used benevolence.
What is quoted here is filial piety and benevolence, which also means self-cultivation. "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, self-cultivation is the foundation." No matter what kind of person or class you are, you should cultivate yourself. Cultivation is the foundation. Filial piety is the foundation of virtue, self-cultivation is filial piety, and filial piety is concrete implementation. According to the golden mean, "cultivate one's morality by Tao and cultivate one's morality by benevolence". Therefore, from the perspective of self-cultivation, filial piety is the implementation and application of benevolence. A person who has filial piety will not make mistakes, and this family will be complete. Like children, there is absolutely no intention to offend parents, and there is no rebellious mentality. This is called family harmony. It's not easy to make trouble when home is in harmony with the country. This is the way to govern the country, and the country will be harmonious. So a harmonious society starts from my home. "University" said that "a benevolent family, a country prospers", which is the truth. Speaking of it, let's do it according to benevolence.
Therefore, the bottom says, "A gentleman's business is based on its foundation. Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence. " The word "service" in this service book means working hard in this respect. "Ben" is the foundation, and a gentleman takes self-cultivation as the foundation. "Tao is born from the foundation." When this foundation is established, Tao will naturally come into being. What method? Specifically, it is the way of university and the way of sage. So what is the root of the sage's way? Filial piety! It can be said that the way of sages is the successful implementation of filial piety. Therefore, filial piety is the "foundation of benevolence" here, that is, grasping the roots and being filial, benevolence will naturally arise. Therefore, Cheng Zi was quoted in Zhu Zi's Note: "Being a filial brother, Shunde is also good, and it is not easy to make mistakes, so it is unreasonable to violate the rules." Virtue has its foundation, and its foundation is full of Tao. Be filial at home, and then be kind and care about things. Kissing is also good for people. Therefore, benevolence is based on filial piety. On sex, benevolence is the foundation of filial piety. "Cheng Zi said that filial piety is Shunde. What is this Shunde? Obey the virtue of self, that is, the meaning of sexual virtue. Virtue is hard to make mistakes, how can there be anything against ethics and bad incest? Therefore, virtue has a foundation, and when it is established, the way it has been cultivated can be carried forward. Like a tree, it has deep roots and luxuriant leaves. So filial piety can be practiced in a family. Who will carry it out? I can't ask others to carry it out, but start with me. This filial piety extends to all people, things and things, which is filial piety. This is kindness, and kindness extends to everything. Therefore, Mencius said that "being kind to the people, being kind to the people and loving things" is the development of filial piety. So, for a saint, there is nothing else. Mencius said, "The way of Yao and Shun is filial piety. "Yao Shun is a saint. What did the sage say? It is the successful implementation of filial piety. He is as filial to everyone, everything and everything as to his parents and brothers. This is a saint. Therefore, benevolence is based on filial piety, which is from the perspective of Xiu De.
In terms of sex, benevolence is the basis of filial piety. Just now, benevolence is love. This kind of love is filial to parents, filial to brothers, different virtues to different relationships, and the same love. Therefore, in sex, benevolence is the basis of filial piety; On cultivation, filial piety is the foundation of benevolence. Talk about Xiu De and sexual virtue, from these two aspects. There is a natural virtue, that is, benevolence, courtesy and wisdom. Everyone has enough, and no one will lack it. Everyone will not be short of anything. So is a saint, so am I, so are you, so is he. But now we have lost the virtue of sex, which is what the "university" said. There is no obvious virtue, but we have lost it. then what It depends on Xiu De. What is Xiu De? Filial piety, benevolence and benevolence are filial piety. This is Xiu De. As the saying goes, Xiu De has made meritorious service, and his sexual virtue has been demonstrated. If you don't take it, although you are virtuous, you can't return to yourself and let it show, so you must take it, Xiu De.
Actually speaking, knowing and doing are one. If you realize that you have sexual virtue, of course you will try to cultivate yourself, and what you have cultivated is still in your sex. The so-called comprehensive cultivation, comprehensive cultivation in sex, sexual cultivation is the only way. Physiologically speaking, this is a sexual virtue, and practically speaking, this is Xiu De. We don't have to be persistent in these words, but more importantly, we must implement them. As long as I am filial today, I will be in Xiu De today, and I will return to myself today and show my sexual virtue. In The Doctrine of the Mean, it is said that "benevolent people are also big relatives". This benevolence, look at the word next to the herringbone, two people. So, a person means the people, that is, you are a person, really. How come? From the beginning of filial piety, kissing is the biggest, and kissing is filial piety to parents. So it also shows that filial piety is the foundation of benevolence, and filial piety is the greatest. Therefore, kindness is to be a man. If we are heartless, then we are not human beings, not human beings. What happens to people who are not human? Offend, make a mess. The reason of insurrection is that he is easy to commit crimes, and the reason of committing crimes is that he is not filial, so he is willing to be an animal. He is not qualified to be a man. So if we refuse to be the devil wears Prada, then we must cultivate filial piety, that is, to be a human being. If you truly become a perfect person, you will have the virtue of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. Isn't that what makes your virtue appear? Therefore, filial piety is the foundation of benevolence, courtesy and wisdom, and it is from the heart. From a sexual point of view, filial piety is our sexual virtue. Mr Wang Shouren talked about good knowledge and ability.
We hope to build a harmonious world now, but when we look up at the world, we see natural and man-made disasters every day. What is the reason? Where is the root cause? It is the chaos in the world mentioned here, and its root is unfilial. When people don't honor their parents and respect their elders, the world will be in chaos. Therefore, the most important thing to save the world and restore world harmony is to advocate filial piety. As soon as filial piety is advocated, this goodness will rise, and when this goodness comes together, this chaos will subside. Therefore, in our speeches everywhere, we are vigorously advocating filial piety, which is the magic weapon of a harmonious society. You see, in the Book of Filial Piety, this is my late king's "the only way to be virtuous, to follow the world, to make people harmonious, and to have no complaints from top to bottom." Isn't this a harmonious society? With filial piety.
We have made many suggestions in our speeches, hoping that governments at all levels, from central to local, can select dutiful sons. In the selection of filial sons, people's attention has been drawn to the study of filial piety. Everyone is paying attention to filial piety, stressing filial piety, thinking about filial piety and imitating those filial sons. Like the documentary "Parents in the World" we saw on Shandong Satellite TV, it is very touching. I hope these documentaries can be broadcast on every TV station in China, which of course needs the promotion of the government. "University" said that "the elderly promote filial piety by the people, the people promote their younger brothers by the people, and the people are lonely and not the people". In the world, it is the people who live in the upper position. What we are talking about now is the government and the country. It is these * * * that can respect the elderly and love filial piety in the world, and the people can also advocate filial piety.
Therefore, we also suggest that this is put forward by our teacher, and we can set up paradise for the elderly everywhere to make the old people feel safe and happy. Then this nursing home not only meets the needs of the elderly in material conditions, but also has a rich spiritual life, which makes the elderly feel a sense of accomplishment. He really enjoyed forgetting his troubles and didn't know that his old age was coming. The most important thing here is that the elderly should also study. Why can Confucius be so angry that he forgets to eat and sleep, so happy that he forgets his worries and doesn't know that old age is coming? Because he learned, never too old to learn. Therefore, the paradise for the aged is also a university for the aged. Learn what? It is to learn the culture of ancient sages, as well as art culture, religion and so on, so that the elderly can really live a happy and fulfilling old age. When you are old, the people will promote filial piety, and the people will promote filial piety and social harmony. Growing up on earth, * * * can respect the old and love the young, and the people follow suit. People are learning to lead. Caring for orphans means caring for orphans, in a broad sense, caring for our next generation.
Our next generation is now influenced by western materialism. How can we help our next generation, pay attention to learning China traditional culture and return to tradition? What tradition is this? The essence of true ancestral culture. If the next generation of our nation is yellow skin and black hair, but the heart is western thought, then there is now a metaphor called banana, yellow skin and white skin, which is the sorrow of the nation. We can't let our 5,000-year-old orthodoxy be broken in our generation. Therefore, the most important thing is to carry forward the spirit of filial piety and pass it on to our next generation, so that this person will not rebel and he will not make trouble. So the most important thing is that * * * has this awareness. First of all, if filial piety is good, if unfilial people live in the upper position, there will be chaos in the world. Only when filial people live in a superior position can the world be rectified and society be harmonious. Ok, it's time for our first class. Let's stop here first. Thank you!
Comment and analysis
Some people think that people can be filial to their parents and brothers at home, so they can serve the country faithfully outside, with filial piety as the premise and filial piety as the purpose. Confucianism believes that filial piety at home, there will be no "offence and insurrection" within the rulers; If filial piety is extended to the working people, the people will absolutely obey, not rebel, thus maintaining the stability of the country and society.
Filial piety mentioned here is the foundation of benevolence, which is very important for readers to understand Confucius' philosophy and ethical thought with benevolence as the core. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Emperor adopted the eldest son inheritance system, and the other concubines were enfeoffed as princes, and so were the subsequent princes. The political structure of the whole society, from emperors to princes to doctors, is based on the feudal patriarchal blood relationship, and the theory of filial piety and filial piety reflects the moral requirements of the patriarchal society at that time.
Filial piety is directly related to social stability. Confucius saw this, so all his thoughts were based on it. He explained that filial piety is the fundamental truth of benevolence from the point that filial piety will not happen. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, feudal rulers and scholars of all dynasties have inherited Confucius' theory of filial piety and advocated "ruling the world with filial piety". The Han Dynasty is an obvious example. They regarded moral education as an important means to implement feudal rule, and imprisoned the common people in the shackles of Confucian orthodoxy and ethics, which had a great influence on the common people's moral concepts and behaviors, and also had a far-reaching impact on the whole traditional culture of China. The theory of filial piety serves feudal rule and patriarchal clan system. We should have a clear understanding, analysis and judgment, abandon feudal toxin, inherit its reasonable content, and give full play to the due role of morality in social stability.