Politics: The contradiction between Tokugawa era and hierarchy is sharp.

Economy: The policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce has hindered the development of capitalism.

Diplomacy: The shogunate closed its doors and left Japan behind. The country opened up and was forced to sign unequal treaties.

Culture and education: the system is corrupt and backward.

After Meiji Restoration

Politics: "Return the Edition" and "Abolish the vassal state, rebuild the Meiji Cabinet with the Emperor as the core, and establish a centralized political system." 1889 promulgated the first constitution, convened the parliament, and the modern political system began to operate.

Economy: implement the policy of developing industry through reproduction, confirm the private ownership of land, allow farmers to plant freely and arouse their enthusiasm. Vigorously develop industry and commerce, introduce western advanced technology, equipment and production management system, and establish a relatively developed modern industrial system.

Diplomacy: Send politicians to Europe and America, and send children to Europe and America to learn advanced technology.

Culture and education: abolish the hierarchical system of scholars, peasants, industry and commerce, and advocate equality among the four people. Change customs, be civilized and civilized, establish the policy of "learning for all", attach importance to education, implement compulsory primary education in China, and vigorously set up higher education.

In addition, changes in social cognition:

Before the Meiji Restoration, China was highly respected by the Japanese and was deeply influenced by China in architecture, food, clothing and culture. For example, influenced by Zen culture in China, the Japanese created tea ceremony, taekwondo and karate. Japanese people are proud of drinking tea and speaking Chinese.

After the reform, Japan has a process from worshipping China to neglecting China, and Japan "leaves Asia and enters Europe". Due to the backwardness and weakness of the Qing government relative to the west, the Japanese began to reflect. They doubt whether China's culture is backward in the world culture, and even whether China people are inferior ethnic groups. Japanese worship of China culture began to waver. Subsequently, Japan began to enter the stage of "leaving Asia and entering Europe". Great changes have taken place in Japan's society and culture, and Japan is proud of worshipping foreign things and flattering foreign countries. Houses and houses in foreign countries began to rise, and living customs were transformed according to western customs. From 65438 to 0924, Saionji Kinmochi suggested that English should be an important subject in Chinese education and Chinese should be abolished.