1. Isn’t it true to learn something and practice it over time? Isn’t it true that a person who doesn’t know something is not stunned?

2. Reviewing the old and learning the new

3. Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous

4. Teaching women to know! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, that is knowing

5. Self Don’t do to others what you don’t want others to do to you

6. Be warm and knowledgeable.

7. Think of others when you see a talented person.

8. Never tire of learning.

9. Step by step

10. When the year is cold, you will know the pines and cypresses

11. I have to examine myself three times every day, am I being unfaithful to others? Make friends but don’t believe it? Is it true that if you don’t get used to it, it will wither?

12. Eight people dancing in the court is tolerable, but who can’t be tolerated!

13. Don’t tell the story when it is done, and don’t give the advice when it happens. , Let bygones be bygones

14. Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung cannot be built.

15. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.

16. Quality wins the essay. Be a wild man, if literature is better than quality, then history will be. If you are gentle and polite, then you will be a gentleman.

17. I know it silently, I am not tired of learning, I am not tired of teaching others, what is there for me?

18. Three When people do good things, they must have my teachers. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.

19. When a bird is about to die, its song will also be mournful; when a man is about to die, his words will also be sad. Kindness

20. Don’t look at anything that’s not polite, don’t hear anything that’s not polite, don’t say anything that’s not polite, don’t do anything that’s not polite

21. If the name is not right, then the words will not go smoothly; if the words are not right, then things will not happen; If things fail, then rituals and music will not flourish; if rituals and music do not flourish, then punishments will not be adequate; if punishments are not adequate, then the people will have nothing to do wrong.

22. Haste makes waste, small gains lead to big things. No.

23. Be true to your word and be resolute in your deeds

24. A small impatience will mess up a big plan.

25. Different ways do not work together. Plan.

26. Once it comes, make peace with it.

27. There is no distinction between teachings.

28. Three friends will benefit you and three friends will harm you. Friendship is straight. , Friends are forgiving, friends are knowledgeable, it is beneficial; friends are friendly, friendly and gentle, friends are sycophantic, it is a loss.

29. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.

30. A person with lofty ideals and a benevolent person will not harm his benevolence by seeking life, but he will kill himself to achieve benevolence.

1) Directly quote the idiom "violent tiger Fenghe" from the original "Book of Songs", which was first seen in "Poetry·Xiao" "Ya·Xiaomin": "Don't dare to attack the tiger, dare not go to the river, people know one, but not as good as the other." "The Analects of Confucius·Shu'er" quotes: "The Master said: 'The tiger and the river are violent, and those who die without regrets, I '"

(2) The three idioms "trembling with fear, as if facing an abyss, and as if walking on thin ice" were first found in "Poetry·Xiaoya·Xiaomin", and "The Analects of Confucius·Taibo" quoted: "Zengzi When someone is sick, he summons his disciples and says: "Please give me your feet! Please give me your hands!" The poem goes, "I am trembling with fear, as if I were facing an abyss, as if I were walking on thin ice." From now on, I know how to avoid my husband! Boy!" Each one finds his own place. It was first seen in "Book of Changes·Xici". ", "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan" quoted: "Confucius said: 'I defend myself against Lu, and then I am happy to be upright, and "Ya" and "Song" each have their own place.'"

2. An idiom first created in "The Analects of Confucius".

The idioms first created by "The Analects of Confucius" refer to idioms formed by later generations using the original text of "The Analects of Confucius" and retaining the original grammatical structure.

(1) What a pleasure it is to come from "Xue Er": "Wouldn't it be a pleasure to have friends come from afar?"

(2) Zhou Bubi is from "Wei Zheng" : "A gentleman does not compare himself with others, while a villain does not compare himself with others."

(3) Asking about everything comes from "Eight Hundreds": "When a prince enters the Ancestral Temple, he asks about everything."

(4) "The Analects of Confucius·Xueer": "Isn't it a pleasure to have friends come from afar?"

(5) I am sensitive and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask "The Analects of Confucius·Gongye Chang": "Agile and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions."

(6) Chen Li's list "The Analects of Confucius·Ji": "Zhou Ren has a saying: 'Chen Li's list, those who can't stop it.'"

(7) The Beauty of Adults "The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan": "The beauty of a child is not the evil of an adult. The villain is."

(8) Bad clothes and bad food "The Analects of Confucius·Liren": "It is not enough for a scholar to consider those who are ashamed of the Tao, wear bad clothes and eat bad food.

"

(9) Miao but not showy "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "Those who are seedling but not showy have a husband! There is a husband who is showy but not real! "Such idioms can be found in almost every article. For example, one expresses joy, the other expresses fear ("Li Ren"), makes mistakes without correcting them ("Taibo"), is empty ("Zihan"), never tires of food, Not tired of details ("Xiang Dang"), this type of idioms accounts for a large part of the idioms in "The Analects of Confucius" and is an important part of the idioms in "The Analects of Confucius"

3. Idioms from "The Analects of Confucius". The idioms of "The Analects of Confucius" refer to idioms that are derived from "The Analects of Confucius" but were processed and refined by later generations. According to investigation and analysis, later generations mainly used the following methods to form this type of idioms.

(1) Select the elements in the original sentence that best summarize the meaning of the whole sentence or paragraph to form an idiom. For example: Zhongxing Gongchen comes from "Wei Zheng": "Government is based on virtue, such as Beichen, where the stars are located." *Of. "("Gong" ancient work "***") Caring for the old and caring for the young comes from "Gongye Chang": "The old are safe, friends trust them, and the young cherish them. "

(2) An idiom formed by deleting the empty words in the original sentence and the real words that do not affect the meaning. For example: Jie Yong's lover comes from "Xue Er": "In a country with thousands of ways, respect Be trustworthy in things, be prudent in spending and love people, so that people can take advantage of the time. "If you raise straight and wrong, then the people will obey; if you raise straight and wrong, then the people will not obey." ’

(3) Add appropriate words to the words in the original sentence to form an idiom. For example: heresy comes from "Wei Zheng": "The Master said, 'If you attack heresy, you will do harm.'" Add "heresy" after "heresy". The Doctrine of the Mean comes from "Yong Ye": "The Doctrine of the Mean is the virtue, and it is the ultimate!" Add "the Way" after "The Doctrine of the Mean".

(4) Replace the words in the prototype idiom (i.e. the original idiom) to form another idiom. For example: Do whatever you want. From "Wei Zheng": "When you are sixty, your ears will be attuned; when you are seventy, you will follow your heart's desires and not exceed the rules." Replace "conformity" with "sui". There is a beginning and an end. It comes from "Zi Zhang": "Those who have a beginning and a death are the only saints?" Replace "pawn" with "end".

(5) Change the negative meaning of the original text to a positive meaning to form an idiom. For example: Act bravely when seeing righteousness. From "Wei Zheng": "If you don't do something when you see righteousness, you are not brave." Change "wuyong" to "brave" and "not to do" to "wei". It comes from "Yong Ye": "If Zhou Ji is not there, there will be no wealth." Change "not to succeed in wealth" to "to succeed in poverty".

II The idioms in The Analects of Confucius generally have the following aspects according to their uses:

1. Study. This type of idioms are still used a lot nowadays and most people are familiar with them. It appears more frequently in The Analects of Confucius. For example:

(1) Chapter 15 of "Gongye Chang" - Zi Gong asked: "What does Confucius call Wenzi?" Confucius said: "Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, this is It is called "wen". The idiom "not ashamed to ask" comes from this chapter. Its original meaning is: Don't be ashamed to ask for advice from people whose status is inferior to yourself. Later, people used it to express being open-minded and eager to learn.

(2) "Shu Er" Chapter 22 - Confucius said: "Three people must have a teacher from me. Choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good." This is the origin of the idiom "When three people travel, there must be my teacher". What it’s about is: Even among a very small number of people, there are some who are worth learning and learning from in some aspects. Later generations used the phrase "When three people travel, there must be my teacher" to mean that we should strive to learn good things from others. In addition, the idioms used for learning in "The Analects" include: never tire of learning, never tire of teaching; review the past to learn the new; learn from the past and learn the new; learn from one and learn from one; know ten from what you hear; be so angry that you forget to eat; follow the instructions well; teach without distinction; the offspring are to be feared; Know what you know every day; be dedicated to learning; enter the hall (ascend to the hall); tell the past and future (tell him what he has learned, so he can understand the knowledge he has not learned); do not know the taste of meat (describes being particularly attentive); every day Ask about things; be keen and fond of ancient times (diligently study ancient cultural classics); etc.

2. Cultivation. For example:

(1) Chapter 16 of "Shu'er" - Confucius said: "If you eat sparingly, drink water, and bend your arms to rest on it, you will also enjoy it. If you are unjust, you will be rich." Noble, to me, it is like floating clouds." The idioms "Lie with your arms bent (lying with your arms bent)", "Enjoy it", and "Wealth and wealth are floating clouds" all come from this chapter, which talks about cultivating to the state of indifferent life.

(2) Chapter 4 of "Xue Er" - Zeng Zi said: "I examine myself three times every day: Have I been unfaithful in my plans for others? Have I not believed in my friends? Have I not learned to pass them on?" The idiom "I have to examine myself three times" came from Zeng Shen.

This is a typical self-cultivation method of introspection and introspection proposed by Confucius’ disciples.

In addition, the idioms used for self-cultivation in "The Analects" include: Be true to your words; Be true to your words, and be resolute in your actions; If you don't have faith, you don't know what you can do; The golden mean ; Act bravely when seeing the righteous; think of the wise; be a man of lofty ideals; do one's duty without giving in; sacrifice one's life to be a benevolent person; seek life and harm benevolence; be happy but not licentious; be happy to forget one's worries; commit crimes without correcting them; repay evil with virtue; be gentle and gentle; a gentleman is poor; use a basket to eat and drink; eat without food. Seeking fullness, living without seeking peace; an ordinary man cannot seize his ambition; know the pine and cypress trees when he is cold; be poor without flattery, and be rich without arrogance; be cautious about sensitive things; a gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain has long-term relationships; and so on.

3. Treat others well. For example:

(1) Chapter 16 of "Yan Yuan" - Confucius said: "The beauty of a gentleman is the beauty of an adult, but the evil of an adult." The idiom "The beauty of an adult" comes from this chapter. This chapter talks about a gentleman who should fulfill others' good deeds and not encourage others' mistakes.

(2) "Wei Linggong" Chapter 24 - Zigong asked: "Is there anyone who can say something that can be carried out throughout his life?" Confucius said: "How can I forgive you? What I have done. The idiom "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" comes from here, which means to treat others the same way. In addition, the idioms used to connect things in "The Analects" include: All are brothers in the four seas; Three friends are beneficial (you are straight, you are forgiving, and you are knowledgeable); you can make friends with literature; you don't think about the past and evil; think twice before acting; Respect and keep a distance; wait for the price and sell; excess is not enough; people have different ways and do not seek each other; people have no long-term concerns, but they must have immediate worries; nothing can be done; a small impatience will mess up a big plan; there is a beginning and an end; you can draw examples from the near; you can be harmonious but not different; listen to them. Watch what you say and do it; say it to me well (speak to me well and say it for me).

4． political affairs. For example:

(1) Chapter 6 of "Zi Lu" - Zi said: "If his body is upright, he will act without being told; if his body is not upright, he will not obey even though he is told." This is "If his body is upright, he will not follow orders." The origin of "doing without being told" talks about the importance of those in positions of authority setting an example.

(2) Chapter 26 of "Xianwen" - Confucius said: "If you are not in his position, you will not seek his government." Zengzi said: "A gentleman cannot think about his position." Idiom " "If you are not in your position, you will not seek political power" comes from this chapter. What it means is: Those in positions of power should consider things and handle problems, and should not go beyond the scope of their responsibilities.

(3) Chapter 3 of "Zi Lu" - Zi said: "...If the name is not correct, the words will not be smooth, and if the words are not smooth, the things will not be done. If the things are not done, the rituals and music will not flourish, and the rituals and music will not be successful. If the punishment is not correct, the people will be at a loss." The idioms "justified" and "at a loss" all come from this chapter.

In addition to the above, there are: harmony is precious; the way of civil and military affairs; being respectful and trustworthy (handling state affairs seriously and keeping promises); keeping the people in good time; cutting chickens with an ox's knife; workmanship If you want to do something well, you must first sharpen your tools; rule by doing nothing; haste leads to waste; do not admonish those who have gone before, but chase those who come; a word can prosper a country; everyone has his own place; the superior is wise and the inferior is foolish; this is tolerable, but which cannot be tolerated; wrongdoing is superior. To cause chaos; to cause things that have perished to rise again; to speak dangerous words and deeds; to act in a straight way (to act without partiality); to give up in the middle way; and so on.

5. shape object. For example:

(1) Chapter 25 of "Gongye Chang" - Confucius said: "Qiu Qiu is ashamed of his skillful words, his commanding appearance, and his full respect." The idiom "glib words and colors" comes from this chapter, which describes the state of some people's rhetoric, pretending to be pleasant, and being coquettish.

(2) Chapter 10 of "Gongye Chang" - Zaiyu takes a nap during the day. Confucius said: "Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung cannot be built." This passage formed two idioms in later generations: rotten wood cannot be carved, rotten wood is dung (also said that rotten wood is difficult to carve, and a wall of dung is also said to be difficult to carve). This is Confucius' criticism of students who sleep in during the day and doze off in class.

(3) Chapter 22 of "Yang Huo" - Confucius said: "It is difficult to be full all day long and have no intention of doing anything! There is no such thing as gambling or chess, but if you do it, you are still wiser than yourself. The idiom "Eating all day long and having nothing to do" comes from here. It describes the mental state of not thinking, doing nothing, being lazy and bored all day long.

In The Analects of Confucius, there are many idioms describing various states of people or things. In addition to the above, there are also: following one's heart's desires; failing to live up to one's words; exceeding one's words and deeds; complaining about others; being intimidated; overestimating one's abilities. ; dare not care/no one cares; seek perfection and blame; turn on others with anger; be harsh but inwardly angry; listen to hearsay; observe people's words and colors; not diligent in all aspects of the body and grains; seedlings but not beautiful; beautiful but not real; sighing but sighing; talking with eloquence; happy in Leshan Water (this is a metaphor for each one); the blood is strong; the year of standing; the year of not being confused; the year of knowing the fate; the year of hearing; the day is long; must be a last resort; want to stop; beat the drum to attack; cannot die; die and follow. Already; life and death are destiny, wealth is in heaven; worry about gains and losses; like to do small favors (like to show off small cleverness); have no teeth and no complaints (have no complaints in life); be consistent; be independent of me (years do not treat others); now and then; etc.

Three Meaning Changes of Idioms in The Analects

The idioms from The Analects have experienced thousands of years of development, and most of them have retained the meanings in the Analects. The original meaning, but there are also a few idiom meanings that have changed.

1. The current meaning is quite different from the original meaning. For example:

(1) Chapter 1 of "Ji Shi" - "...If people from afar are dissatisfied, then cultivate virtue and virtue and come here. Once you have come, then make peace with it..." Here, "Have come The original meaning of "then make peace with them" is: if they have come to submit voluntarily, they should be made to settle down. Now, the meaning of this idiom has become: Now that you are here, you must settle down.

(2) Chapter 18 of "Yong Ye" - Confucius said: "If quality is better than literature, then you will be wild; if literature is better than quality, you will be history. If literature is gentle, then you will be a gentleman." The original meaning of this sentence is: only if quality is better than quality, then history will be achieved. Simple thoughts and feelings without understanding etiquette will appear rude; although etiquette is very thoughtful, but lacking simple thoughts and feelings, it will appear hypocritical. Only by properly matching etiquette and rituals with thoughts and feelings can one become a gentleman. What Confucius meant by "gentle and courteous" means that wen (etiquette and rituals) and quality (thoughts and emotions) are properly coordinated. Nowadays, "gentle and polite" only means elegant and polite.

2. The current meaning is opposite to the original meaning. For example:

(1) Chapter 1 of "Xue Er" - "...How wonderful it is to have friends come from afar?..." The "friends" here refer to classmates and alumni, Not just friends in the general sense. When these sentences are put together, they mean: Isn’t it also happy to have classmates and alumni coming from afar (to study and discuss with you)? Confucius used a rhetorical question to explain that "having friends come from afar" is a joy things. But now, the meaning of "overjoyed" has undergone a 180-degree change. For example: "I've been very busy these past two days!" "He and his wife have been having a lot of quarrels." These are words we often hear people say. Both of these "extreme pleasures" refer to excessiveness, beyond the limit, and no sense of happiness at all.

(2) Chapter 9 of "Yong Ye"——The Ji family made Min Ziqian the minister of Fei. Min Ziqian said, "How could you please me? If someone comes back to me, I will definitely be in Wenshang." The Ji Sun family sent someone to ask Min Ziqian to serve as the county magistrate of Fei County. Min Ziqian declined, and said to the visitor: "Speak to me and resign for me! If you come to me again, I will go to Qi State on the other side of Wenshui River." Now, the idiom "Be kind to me" The meaning of "ci" is exactly the opposite of the original meaning: in most cases it does not mean to resign for me, but to help me talk and find a position for me; or to ask someone to help me talk and get something done. .

3. The present meaning has nothing to do with the original meaning. For example:

(1) Chapter 17 of "Wei Linggong" - Confucius said: "It is difficult to live in groups all day long, and words cannot match righteousness, and if you are good at practicing small wisdom!" Today, "words cannot match righteousness" refers to It means "nothing said is serious", which is almost the same as the original meaning.

(2) Chapter 14 of "Shu Er" - Zi Zai heard "Shao" in Qi, and he didn't know the taste of meat in March, and said: "It's not like this for the sake of pleasure." Confucius in When Qi heard the music of "Shao", he ate meat for a long time and did not know the taste of meat. He said: "I never thought that the music created by the ancients could reach such a charming level." The original meaning of the idiom "I don't know the taste of meat" means Being so focused on something that you neglect other things. Later generations often used it to explain poverty: "I haven't been able to eat meat for a long time, and I don't know the taste of meat in March."

Collection of Idioms and Sayings from "The Analects of Confucius"

1 When mentioning "The Analects of Confucius", everyone will feel strange and distant, thinking that those who read "The Analects of Confucius" are all old scholars. Students, in particular, feel that The Analects is incompatible with their thoughts.

In fact, not only is the Confucian culture represented by "The Analects" almost synonymous with Chinese culture (let's put it this way), it still has a profound influence to this day. Specifically, its language is simple and literary, its chapters are short and concise, and it has a system of aphorisms, making it easy to read. Easy to recite. The content discussed involves all aspects of life cultivation and is quite enlightening on how to behave and deal with things. This is very beneficial to young people. I very much hope that students will read "The Analects of Confucius". At the same time, there is a text "Confucius and Mencius" in the fifth volume of high school Chinese. You can better understand this text by reading some "The Analects of Confucius".

How to make "The Analects of Confucius" familiar but not unfamiliar, and arouse reading interest? You might as well start with the idioms and sayings in The Analects of Confucius. When you discover that the language we often use in our lives is found in The Analects, you will naturally love it and read on with great interest. Here are some examples of this.

(1) Offend one's superiors and cause rebellion: "It is not easy to offend one's superiors, but one likes to cause chaos, which is not the case." ("Xue'er Pian") Explanation: People who don't like to offend their superiors, but like to rebel, will never do it. Never.

(2) Clever words and demeanor: "Smart words and demeanor are the most benevolent!" ("Xue'er Pian") Explanation: There are not many "kindnesses" in such people with sweet words and hypocritical appearance.

(3) Be true to your word: "When you are with friends, you are true to your word." ("Xueer Pian") Explanation: When you are with friends, you must be honest and trustworthy.

(4) Standing at thirty: "You stand at thirty, you are not confused at forty, you know the destiny at fifty." ("Wei Zheng Chapter") Explanation: At thirty years old, you understand etiquette and are good at speaking and doing things. Be sure; at the age of forty, you have mastered all kinds of knowledge and will not be confused; at the age of fifty, you know the destiny.

(5) Knowing is knowing: "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, it is knowing." ("Wei Zheng Chapter") Explanation: If you know, you know, if you don't know, you don't know. This is wisdom. .

(6) What is tolerable and what is intolerable: "It is tolerable and what is intolerable?" ("Eight Hundreds Chapter") Explanation: All of these can be done cruelly, but what cannot be done cruelly? How to make it?

(7) Don’t blame bygones: “Don’t talk about things that have happened, don’t admonish them for things that have happened, let bygones be bygones.” (Eight Hundred Chapters) Explanation: It is inconvenient to explain what has been done, and it is inconvenient to explain what has been done. Saved, it is inconvenient to pursue things that have passed.

(8) Perfection: "It's perfect, and it's perfect." ("Bayi Pian") Explanation: Extremely beautiful, and extremely good.

(9) When you see a virtuous person, think about them: "When you see a virtuous person, think about them; when you see an unworthy person, you should introspect yourself." ("Li Ren Chapter") Explanation: When you see a virtuous person, you should want to be like him; When you see an unworthy person, you should reflect on yourself to see if you have similar problems to him.

(10) Gentleness and gentleness: "Be gentle and gentle, then a gentleman." ("Yong Ye Chapter") Explanation: Literary talent and simplicity, if combined appropriately, are a gentleman.

(11) Respect and keep away from them: "Respecting ghosts and gods and keeping at a distance can be said to be wise." ("Yong Ye Chapter") Explanation: Treating ghosts and gods seriously, but not intending to approach them, can be said to be smart.

(12) Draw inferences from one example: "If you don't use three examples to compare one corner, it will not be repeated." ("Shu Er Pian") Explanation: Teach him the east, but he can't infer the west, south, and south from it. Beisanfang stopped teaching him.

(13) Baohu Fenghe: "Baohu Fenghe, who dies without regrets, I will not fight him." ("Shu Er Pian") Explanation: Fighting a tiger with bare hands, no need for a boat Crossing the river, I will not have sex with a person who will die without regrets.

(14) He didn’t know the taste of meat in three months: “Confucius heard Shao in Qi, and he didn’t know the taste of meat in three months.” ("Shu Er Pian") Explanation: Confucius heard the music of Shao in Qi for a long time Can't taste the meat.

(15) Enjoy it: "Eat food sparingly and drink water, bend your arms and rest on it, and enjoy it." ("Shu Er Pian") Explanation: Eat whole grains, drink cold water, bend your head Using your arms as pillows is also fun.

(16) Choose what is good and follow it: "Listen a lot, choose what is good and follow it." ("Shu Er Pian") Explanation: Listen a lot, choose the good one and accept it.

(17) The responsibilities are long and the road is long, and death is the end: "A scholar cannot be without great perseverance. The responsibilities are arduous and the road is long. Isn't it important to be benevolent that one has one's own responsibilities? Isn't it the end of the road after death?" (" "Tai Bo Chapter") Explanation: A scholar must be strong and perseverant, because his burden is heavy and his journey is long.

Isn’t it also heavy to take the realization of benevolence in the world as one’s own responsibility? Isn't it also far away until death?

(18) Kongruye: "A humble man asked me, Kongruye." ("Zihan Pian") Explanation: A farmer asked me, but I didn't know anything at all.

(19) Follow-up and good at tempting: "Master is good at tempting us step by step. He teaches me with literature and invites me with courtesy. I can't stop." ("Zihan Pian") Explanation: The teacher is good at inducing us in a step-by-step manner. ?

Mencius' famous sayings

Without rules, there will be no circle. (Without compasses and rulers, squares and circles cannot be drawn correctly.)

With the right, you can know the weight; with the measure, you can know the length. (Only by weighing something can one know its weight; by measuring it can one know its length.)

People have things they should not do, and then they can do something. (People have to do something before they can do something.)

Although there are things that are easy to grow in the world, if they are violent in one day and cold in ten days, none of them can survive. (Even if there is a plant that is the easiest to grow, if it is exposed to the sun for one day and then frozen for ten days, it will not grow again.)

What advances rapidly will retreat quickly. (Those who move forward too quickly will retreat too quickly.)

The organ of the heart is thinking, and if you think, you will get it; if you don’t think, you will not get it. (The organ of the heart is responsible for thinking. Only by thinking can we obtain. Without thinking, we cannot obtain.)

Be born in sorrow and die in happiness. (Sorrow and suffering are enough to make people survive, and comfort and happiness are enough to make people die.)

Only benevolent people should be in high positions. Being unkind and holding a high position is spreading evil to others. (Only benevolent people with high moral standards should be in a dominant position. If an unbenevolent person with low moral standards is in a dominant position, his evil will be spread to the masses.)

The emperor is unkind and cannot protect the world; If the princes are unkind, they will not protect the country; if the officials are unkind, they will not protect the ancestral temple; if the scholars and common people are unkind, they will not protect the four bodies. (If the emperor is not benevolent, he cannot preserve his empire; if the princes are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their country; if ministers and officials are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their ancestral temples; if ordinary people are not benevolent, they cannot preserve their own bodies.)

The benevolent are invincible. (A virtuous person is invincible in the world.)

A king is benevolent, and he is always benevolent; a king is righteous, and he is always unjust; and a king is upright, and he is always upright. (If the monarch is benevolent, no one will be unkind; if the monarch is righteous, no one will be unjust; if the monarch is upright, no one will be unjust.)

Those who enjoy the happiness of the people will also enjoy the happiness of the people; those who care about the worries of the people will also enjoy the happiness of the people. Also worried about his worries. (Those who regard the happiness of the people as their own happiness, the people will also regard the happiness of the king as their own happiness; those who regard the sorrow of the people as their own sorrow, the people will also regard the sorrow of the king as their own sorrow.)

The fish is what I want, and the bear's paw is also what I want; you cannot have both, and you would give up the fish and take the bear's paw. Life is what I want, and righteousness is also what I want. You cannot have both, and you have to sacrifice life for righteousness.

When I am old, I am in harmony with others; when I am young, I am in harmony with others.

Those who have attained the right will receive many help, while those who have lost the right will receive little help. When there is little help, relatives will be there; when there is much help, the world will follow.

The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people.

It is not benevolent to kill someone without sin, and it is not righteous to take something that does not exist. (It is unkind to kill an innocent person; it is unjust to take something that is not yours.)

The wise are in charge, and the capable are in office. (Let virtuous people occupy corresponding official positions, and talented people hold certain positions.)

Respect the virtuous and enable the capable, and the talented people will reign. (Respect moral people, use capable people, and outstanding figures have official positions.)

The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the king is the least. (The people are the most important, the gods of earth and valleys who represent the country are second, and the monarch is the least important.)

Everyone can be Yao and Shun. (Everyone can be a good person like Yao and Shun.)

A wife must insult herself, and then others will insult her; (A person must first cause insult to himself before others can insult him; a family must first have causes of self-destruction before others can destroy it; a country must have causes of self-destruction before others can attack it.)

He who seeks all misfortunes and blessings by himself. (There is no misfortune or happiness that is not brought about by oneself.)

A gentleman does not complain about heaven or blame others. (A gentleman does not complain about heaven or blame others.)

Wealth cannot be lascivious, poverty cannot be moved, power cannot be surrendered, this is called a true man.

Those who abuse themselves cannot be talked to; those who give up on themselves cannot be talked to. (People who harm themselves cannot have valuable conversations with them; people who abandon themselves (being extremely irresponsible to themselves) cannot do valuable things with them.)

Nurture The heart is not good at having few desires. (The best way to cultivate one's mind is to reduce material desires.)

Therefore, when Heaven is about to assign a great responsibility to a person, he must first strain his mind, work his muscles and bones, starve his body and skin, and deplete his heart. They messed up what they did, so they moved their minds and forbearance, which was beneficial to what they couldn't do.

A respectful person will not insult others, and a thrifty person will not take away from others. (Those who are respectful to others will not insult others, and those who are thrifty will not rob others.)

Those who love others will always be loved by others; those who respect others will always be respected by others. (Those who love others will be loved by others; those who respect others will be respected by others.)

Don’t rely on elders, don’t rely on nobles, and don’t rely on brothers to be friends. (When making friends, do not rely on your age, your high status, or the wealth of your brothers.)

A wise man uses his brightness to make others bright, but now he uses his dimness to make others bright. (A wise person must first understand himself and then make others understand; today’s people are still confused but insist on making others understand.)

A promising person can dig a well as quickly as possible. If it is not as good as the spring, it is just like an abandoned well. (Doing something is like digging a well. If the well is dug six or seven feet deep and there is no spring water, it is still an abandoned well.)

A gentleman has three kinds of happiness, but the king of the world does not share them. Having both parents and brothers without any reason is one kind of happiness; looking up to heaven and not being ashamed of others is the second kind of happiness; being able to educate the talented people from all over the world is the third kind of happiness. (A gentleman has three kinds of happiness, but conquering the world with virtue is not one of them. The first kind of happiness is that parents are healthy and brothers are not in trouble; the second kind of happiness is to raise one's head to be worthy of heaven and bow one's head to be worthy of others; to obtain the best talents in the world And educating them is the third kind of fun)

If you are not ashamed, how can you be like a human being? (If you are not ashamed of not being able to catch up with others, how can you catch up with others?)

If you are poor, you can be good for yourself, and if you are rich, you can be good for the world.

Those who speak poetry should not harm their words with words, nor harm their aspirations with words. To use one's will against one's will is to gain it. (People who interpret poems should not be limited by words and misunderstand the words, nor should they be limited by words and misunderstand the original meaning. Use your own personal experience to speculate on the author's original intention. This is the right thing.)

Believe " "Book" is worse than no "Book".

Confucius climbed the Dongshan Mountain and made the world small; he climbed the Mount Tai and made the world small. (When Confucius climbed Dongshan, he felt that the state of Lu had become smaller, and when he climbed Mount Tai, he felt that the world had also become smaller.)

Which one is happy alone (yüè) happy (lè), happy with others? (A person is happy to listen to music alone, and he is happy to listen to music with others. Which one is happier?)

The Master said that I feel very sad about it. (What you said made my mind suddenly enlightened. (Qi Qi: She looked touched))

If I want to rule the world peacefully, in today's world, who else can I do? (If you want to make the world peaceful, in today's world, who else but me can do it?)

The trouble with people is that they are good teachers.

As for animals, a gentleman cannot bear to see them alive when he sees them alive; he cannot bear to eat their flesh when he hears their sounds. Therefore, a gentleman is far away from the kitchen.

Being tireless in learning is wisdom; being tireless in teaching is benevolence. Benevolent and wise, the Master is a sage.

In life, things should be done with propriety; in death, burial should be done with propriety, and sacrifices should be done with propriety, which can be called filial piety.

There are good people at the top, but there must be bad people at the bottom. The virtue of a gentleman is like the wind, and the virtue of a villain is like the grass.

So it is said: Either you work your mind, or you work your strength; those who work their minds govern people, and those who work hard govern others; those who govern others eat people, and those who govern others eat others. This is the universal meaning of the world.

Father and son are related, monarch and ministers are righteous, husband and wife are different, elders and children are related, and friends are trustworthy.

That moment is the same as this moment.

The road is near but you can find things that are far away; things are easy but you can find things that are difficult.

There is no other way to learn, just ask for peace of mind.

People cannot be shameless.

Without a heart of compassion, you are not a human being; without a heart of shame and disgust, you are not a human being; without a heart of resignation, you are not a human being; without a heart of right and wrong, you are not a human being. Compassion is the essence of benevolence. The heart of shame is the root of righteousness. The heart of resignation is the basis of etiquette. The mind of right and wrong is the root of wisdom. Human beings have four ends, just as they have four bodies.