First, knowledge points:

Students should master (1) the object and characteristics of explanation; (2) explain the method; (3) explain the order; (4) explain the structure of the text; (5) the language features of expository texts

Second, the definition of interpretation method:

For example, 1. Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This method of explanation is called example.

2. classification. According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.

3. Column data. In order to make the things to be explained concrete, you can also use the method of column data to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate.

4. Make a comparison. Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things are often shown in comparison.

5. Draw a chart. In order to explain complex things clearly, you can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain something more directly and concretely.

6. Definition. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.

7. Make an interpretation. Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics. Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so". The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation.

8. for example. Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy.

9. Imitation. In order to make the explained object vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation.

10, reference. In order to enrich the content of the explanation, you can refer to the materials. The quoted materials range from classic works, famous sayings, formulas and rules, allusions and proverbs.

Second, the role of interpretation methods:

1. Example: concrete, true and vivid, which is easy for readers to understand.

Thinking of answering questions: What examples specifically, truly and vividly illustrate what the object is?

2. Classification: clear organization.

Thinking of answering questions: explain what classification is and clearly explain what explanation is.

3. Metaphor: vivid and vivid, which enhances the interest of the article.

Thinking of answering questions: compare what with what, and vividly explain what the object is.

4. List figures: scientific, accurate and specific.

Thinking of answering questions: list specific figures and explain what the object is scientifically, accurately and concretely.

5. Contrast: The characteristics of the object are outstanding.

Thinking of answering questions: compare what with what and highlight the characteristics of the object.

6. Definition: scientific, accurate, concise and rigorous.

Thinking of answering questions: define what, and reveal the connotation of the object to be explained scientifically, accurately, concisely and closely.

III. Frequently Asked Questions in Explanatory Text:

(1) Description method:

1, the section mainly uses the explanation method.

2. in paragraph a, use the interpretation methods of, and to explain.

3. Please find a sentence that uses the column number interpretation method in this paper, and analyze the function of the column number interpretation method in combination with the meaning of the sentence.

Answer ideas: refer to the answer ideas in the explanation.

(2) Description language:

1 What is the function of "a" in a sentence? Can it be deleted?

Answer thinking: No, because A+ in the sentence indicates the scope (degree) of the object, which reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language. If the+effect is deleted.

3. Can the "A" added in the paragraph be changed to "B"? Why?

Answer thinking: No, because A emphasizes+object characteristics or functions, status and significance, and "B" emphasizes ……, and after modification+effect.

4. Simply put, what are the advantages of starting this article with a story or quoting legends and historical materials?

Answer ideas: attract readers, enhance vividness and readability, make the article avoid rigidity, or increase the mystery of the article and make the article more detailed.

(3) Description order:

1. Why can't the three methods listed in paragraph (4) be reversed?

Thinking of answering questions:No. The order of interpretation of the original text is in accordance with

(4) Understand the meaning of the text:

1. From the introduction of this article, what are the characteristics of lemmings?

2. What are two ways for lemmings to die voluntarily?

3. In paragraph 7, what is the central idea that the author wants to express? The following statement is true ()

A. The human body gets sick due to environmental factors, just like "Nanju" becomes a "northern branch" due to different soil and water.

B. With the implementation of environmental protection, diseases caused by environmental factors will continue to decrease.

With the development of genetic engineering technology such as molecular biology, diseases caused by genetic factors will be gradually controlled.

D with the improvement of environment and the development of genetic engineering technology, human health and quality of life will be greatly improved.

4. What is a "cleaner" in space? Under what circumstances did it come into being? What's the use?

Thinking of answering questions: find the main sentence, the central sentence and the summary sentence in the keywords and paragraphs of the text, and list them point by point. Filter relevant information to answer.

(4) Open questions:

1. Can we get some valuable enlightenment from the active death of lemmings? Evaluate you and tell me what you think.

2. If Helium -3 is successfully transported back to the ground by a spaceship launched by China after a certain year, please write a paragraph with the words "Moon", "Helium -3" and "scientist" according to this article (in no particular order) to express congratulations or thanks to the scientists engaged in the development and utilization of Helium -3 energy on behalf of middle school students.

To raise people's awareness of soil and environmental protection, please design a public service advertisement. (including punctuation within 20 words)

4. Please give a suggestion for cleaning up space junk according to your own understanding of space junk.

As an "ideal fuel in the future", there are still many problems to be solved. According to what you know, talk about what you should pay attention to when using hydrogen energy and imagine how your family will use hydrogen energy in the future.

6. Please briefly talk about your views on developing Antarctica from the perspective of environmental protection.

Thinking of answering questions: read the questions carefully, see the requirements clearly and find the right center.

Explanatory reading

First of all, please briefly describe the main content of this article.

Description object+description feature.

(hierarchical, find out the characteristics of the object), to answer questions.

2. Can paragraph × of the article be deleted? Why?

I can't. Because it plays the role of connecting the preceding with the following, the structure of the article is more compact.

3. In what order are the articles written?

Time, space and logical order

4. What is the explanation of this paragraph (or underlined sentence)? What's the role?

1. Example: concrete, true and vivid, which is easy for readers to understand.

Thinking of answering questions: What examples specifically, truly and vividly illustrate what the object is?

2. Classification: clear organization.

Thinking of answering questions: explain what classification is and clearly explain what explanation is.

3. Metaphor: vivid and vivid, which enhances the interest of the article.

Thinking of answering questions: compare what with what, and vividly explain what the object is.

4. List figures: scientific, accurate and specific.

Thinking of answering questions: list specific figures and explain what the object is scientifically, accurately and concretely.

5. Contrast: The characteristics of the object are outstanding.

Thinking of answering questions: compare what with what and highlight the characteristics of the object.

6. Definition: scientific, accurate, concise and rigorous.

Thinking of answering questions: define what, and reveal the connotation of the object to be explained scientifically, accurately, concisely and closely.

5. Can the added words be deleted? Why?

Cannot delete. Because the added words represent 1, conjecture, estimation 2, degree 3, scope 4, and restriction will make the expression of sentence meaning 1 absolute, which is not in line with the actual situation or the added words reflect the characteristics of the explanatory object and reflect the accuracy of the explanatory language.

6. What do "it" and "this" mean?

Look before "it" and "this" to see if it meets the meaning of the topic.

Seven, find out the following incorrect understanding of the article:

Restore all the options to the original text and compare them carefully. Errors usually occur in places that are not easy to detect.

Some options are related to expository knowledge, so you should master stylistic knowledge skillfully.

Eight, why do you want to insert the legend of xx in the article?

(1) Increase readers' interest in reading; (2) Make the explained object mysterious.

(3) Highlight the xx characteristics of the object.

9. Explain the functions of the first, last and middle paragraphs.

Beginning: 1, leads to the description object 2, increases the interest of the article 3, and leads to the following.

End: Summarize the middle part of the full text: transition (connection, connection, connection)

Ten, the role of the title:

Reveal the objects and characteristics of Interpretation 2. Get the reader's attention.

Eleven, combined with the article, combined with the actual situation, put forward reasonable suggestions:

1, can't be divorced from article 2, conforms to emotional attitude and values 3, and can be connected with reality.