Be familiar with the types of punctuation marks, and master the usage and functions of various punctuation marks. Focus on mastering the combined usage of colon, semicolon, dash, quotation mark, question mark and label and dot, and pay attention to distinguish the relationship between comma and pause, semicolon and comma, quotation mark and dot; Able to punctuate modern and classical Chinese; Right and wrong punctuation can be corrected to make the writing standardized and used correctly.

Second, sixteen kinds of punctuation marks are commonly used.

7 kinds of points: period, question mark, exclamation point, comma, period, semicolon, colon;

9 kinds of labels: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, indirect numbers, book titles and proper names.

Third, the point can be divided into the end of the sentence and the middle of the sentence.

1, full stop at the end of the sentence

Including periods, question marks and exclamation marks, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

(1) period (. )

A period is used at the end of a statement, indicating that there is a big pause after the statement ends.

2 question mark (? )

The question mark is used at the end of the sentence to indicate the interrogative tone.

For example:

note:

A, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions are undoubtedly asked. The former only asks without answering, and the clear meaning to be expressed is contained in the sentence; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract readers' attention, but both of them are interrogative sentences, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence.

For example:

B, although the multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, expressing a complete meaning, so only a question mark is used at the end of the sentence, and commas are used between items in the sentence.

For example:

C, some imperative sentences expressing euphemistic tone, with question marks at the end of the sentence.

For example:

D, some questions, the subject and predicate are reversed, we should pay attention to put the question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example:

E although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc. ), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative tone, so a period should be applied.

For example:

(3) exclamation point (! ) Exclamation marks indicate an emotional pause at the end of a sentence.

2. The points in the sentence include commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, which indicate the pause and structural relationship in the sentence.

(1) A comma (,) indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

(2) semicolon (; ) indicates a pause between coordinate clauses in a complex sentence. For example:

Pay attention to the following points when using semicolons:

(1) single sentence parallelism, imposing manner, generally use commas, not semicolons. For example:

(2) coordinate relative sentences, short clauses with commas instead of semicolons. For example:

(3) Pause (,)

Pause means the smallest pause in a sentence, which is often used between juxtaposed words or phrases. For example:

note:

A, if there are conjunctions "and" and "or" or "in the coordinate words, there is no need to pause.

B. If there are coordinate words in the coordinate words, use commas between large coordinate words and pauses between small coordinate words. For example:

The explosion of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, and the launch and recovery of satellites mark that the development of science and technology in China has reached a new level.

C, coordinate words as predicates and complements, and use commas instead of pause between coordinate words. For example:

You should strive for perfection, literacy and production.

The story is true and touching.

D, some coordinate words don't pause or pause, without ambiguity, and don't need to pause in the middle. For example:

It doesn't matter

(4), colon (:)

A, used after the title at the beginning of letters and speeches, has the meaning of attracting others' attention; Used after "so-and-so", it means that the following words are quoted.

B, used after the summary, means that the word after the sub-item or the word before the colon causes the word after it. For example:

C, used at the end of the prompt, indicates that you have something to say, think or analyze. For example:

D, used before explanation. For example: e, used in front of an umbrella, indicates a summary of the above. For example:

note:

(1) The prompt function of the colon must be played to the end of the sentence, that is, the colon should be managed to the end of the sentence, not just to the end of the sentence. If you are in charge of several words or a paragraph, it is usually expressed in ordinal numbers or quotation marks.

(2) use "so-and-so" between quotation marks and colon; Between quotations, separated by commas; Put a period after the quotation marks. For example:

Fourth, the label

Tags mainly indicate the nature and function of sentences, including quotation marks, dashes, brackets, ellipsis, bullets, book titles, hyphens and special numbers.

1, quotation marks ("") (1), usage of quotation marks

① indicates direct reference, for example, ② indicates highlighting. For example, ③ indicates a specific title. For example, it is sometimes used to quote idioms, proverbs and two-part allegorical sayings. For example:

(2) Pay attention to the use of quotation marks: ① When there are quotation marks in a quotation mark, double quotation marks should be used for the outer layer and single quotation marks for the inner layer; If there are quotation marks in single quotation marks, double quotation marks should be used, and so on.

(2) If the quotation becomes a sentence independently, the meaning is complete, and the period at the end of the sentence is put in quotation marks. For example:

(3) The quotation is incomplete or the quotation is a part of one's own words. At this point, the point at the end of the sentence (except the question mark exclamation point) is placed outside the back quotation mark. For example:

(4) If there are several paragraphs in the quotation, the front quotation mark should be used at the beginning of each paragraph, and the back quotation mark should not be used until the end of the last paragraph.

If you only say what others say and don't quote it as it is, then you don't need quotation marks.

2. Dash (-) (1) and the usage of dash

① indicates that the dash is followed by the explanation part. For example, it means progress. For example, (3) indicates a change, jump or turning point in meaning. For example, ④ indicates the prolongation of speech. For example, ⑤ means a big pause or interruption in speech. For example, 6 is to sum up the above. For example, use ⑦ before subtitles. For example: ⑧ indicates the enumeration of subitems.

3. Parentheses (() [])

Parentheses indicate comments in the text. The opinions in brackets are relatively broad, without specific restrictions, and generally do not need to be read out.

Note: A. The notes in brackets should be next to what needs attention.

B, the content in brackets is a part of the text in a note or supplementary statement, which is called brackets. The last punctuation mark in brackets (except question mark and exclamation mark) should be removed.

C, the content in brackets is a comment or supplementary explanation of the whole sentence, which is called extra-sentence brackets. Punctuation at the end of a sentence can be removed or not.

D, brackets and dashes have explanatory functions, but their usage is different. Generally speaking, the words to be explained are more important, and the words to be read are dashes, otherwise they are brackets.

4. Ellipsis (...)

(1), usage

(1) indicates that there is an omission in the quotation or quotation. For example, ② indicates the omission of repeated words. For example:

(3) means to omit listing similar things. For example, ④ means silence or thinking. For example:

(5) refers to speaking intermittently. For example, 6 indicates language interruption. For example, 7 means that the words are not finished, and the meaning is not finished. For example:

note:

A, ellipsis means "etc" and "etc", so there is no need to use "etc" after ellipsis.

B, ellipsis occupies the position of two words, one * * * six points. If a large paragraph of text or a few paragraphs of text or a few lines of poetry are omitted, they can be represented by twelve points, and they will be arranged in a single line.

5. Title (>)

Book titles represent the names of books, chapters, newspapers, plays, songs, etc. For example:

note:

(1) If there is a title in the title, use a double title for external use and a single title for internal use. For example:

(2) When the title is used with the title of the article, write the title of the book first, then write the title of the article, add a space symbol in the middle, and then add the title. For example: 5. The position of punctuation marks

1, seven dots are written next to the text, and placed at the lower right of the text, occupying a space.

2. Quotations, brackets and titles are all used before and after the text, occupying a space. The first half of these three tags cannot appear at the end of the line; The second half cannot appear at the beginning of a line.

3, ellipsis and dash are written in the middle of the word, accounting for two words. It can appear at the beginning or end of a line, but it cannot be used alone.

4. The interval number and the conjunction number are placed in the middle of the interval conjunction, occupying one case when writing, and in the middle of the case. When connecting hanyu pinyin, the connection number takes up half a cell, while when the transportation departments such as highways and railways mark the starting and ending points, it takes up two cells.

5. Bullets and proper names are placed at the bottom of the text, which is not unique.

Five, punctuation special training

1 The question mark in the following sentence is wrong: ()

A. Yan' an's revolutionary tradition is fruitful. Who is not extremely happy?

B: Only Cooper knows how this once barren mountain and dangerous river has become a prosperous world today.

C. Our jiaozi is wrapped and cooked by hand. How can you not eat?

D. Compared with Tian Wenxiang, Chaplin and Nobel, it is not surprising that a young genius has his own shortcomings.

2 There are errors in using exclamation marks in the following sentences: ()

A let's take action, create thousands of forests in Qian Qian with our own hands and enjoy the "forest bath"!

B Shi's feelings are so depressed, thick and rich, and he is a soul mate with people!

C.it's beautiful! The scenery of Guilin.

D. conservative and backward talents are people who hinder social development!

3 The following sentence incorrectly uses pause, comma and semicolon: ()

A. come and go, it will be fierce when it comes; How quiet it was when I went!

B drums, gongs, shouts, trumpets, shouts, hooves, wheels and wings are mixed together, like a melee of thousands of troops.

C. If we hadn't met a dispute in the flower shop and learned about its growth law, this pot of evergreen wouldn't have turned into two or three pots, and I'm afraid it would have been abandoned long ago. Over time, long dead, isn't it unjust?

D great things are always surrounded by brilliant brilliance, which will arouse vanity, and vanity can easily cause excitement or excitement in our minds; Anyone who is tempted by the devil of fame and fortune can't keep a clear head, but will rush in the direction of irresistible force.

The usage of quotation marks is as follows: a. quoting B. specific title C. emphasizing D. satirizing E. denying. Please fill in the letter number of the corresponding usage in the brackets after the sentence.

The Commander-in-Chief painted the words "Great Victory" very long and emphasized this point. ( )

(2) San Tan Yin Yue was a bookstore decades ago. In those days, you could hear "Poems and Clouds", "Confucius said" and the sound of dumb reading in the street, which was very popular. ( )

This fantasy "truth" is not like any truth. ( )

(4) "The eye is superior but the eye is inferior" is often one of the important reasons for the gradual silence of many original masters. ( )

When I was a child, a Yang Er sister-in-law sat in the tofu shop across the hall. Everyone calls her "Tofu Beauty". ( )

The use of dashes is as follows: a. explain or summarize the above comments below, b. prompt the following, c. insert, d. carry out semantics, e. change the topic, f. extend, pause or interrupt the speech. Please fill in the letter number of the corresponding usage in the brackets after the sentence.

Some people died on the battlefield, others died under torture, and our monitor Qian died in his post-in front of the boiler. ( )

Buy this book. This book is better than that one. ( )

3 "Oh! You, you are-". ( )

The driver ignored-or didn't hear-but put down the car and helped the old woman get up slowly. ( )

⑤ This famous saying contains rich philosophy, which gives people-especially those who are keen on reform and brave in innovation-profound enlightenment. ( )

Please explain-can the new governor candidate explain the following facts to some citizens in this city who are eager to vote for him? ( )

The usage of ellipsis is as follows: a. ellipsis of quotation, b. ellipsis of enumeration, c. interruption or extension of sound. Please fill in the corresponding usage in alphabetical order in the brackets at the end of the sentence.

All in all: I won't go to the Herb Garden often. Ed, my cricket! Ed, my raspberries and Manglietia! ……( )

(2) "They never quarrel and don't care about anything. They still continue to work, continue to make honey, and take pains all day and all month ... "()

(3) "very difficult. Lao Liu will also help, but he is always hungry ... it is not peaceful ... money is needed everywhere, there are no rules ... and the harvest is not good. If you plant something and choose to sell it, you always have to donate it several times and lose money; If you don't sell it, it will only rot ... "() ()

Choose the correct punctuation for the following statements and write the serial number in brackets.

I remember when I was in primary school, there was a master elder brother in my class who could write. At the beginning of an essay, I wrote the following sentence: a parrot can live without a bird; Orangutans can talk without leaving wild animals.

A.①，②:③，④. b .①.②:“③； ④。 "

C.①、②:“③.④. d .①、②:“③； ④。 "

8 Punctuation marks are used correctly in the following sentences: ()

He casually pushed the team leader's hand and said, hey, what chief is here? I am a soldier. You are the director. Comrade Li, group leader, I have an opinion. You must organize everyone quickly. If you can't see clearly in the rain, pay special attention to safety.

A.: " , , ! , : , , 。 "

B: ",,,,:,! "

C: ",,,! , : , , ! "

D: ".,,. , : , , 。 "

Punctuate the four spaces in the following article in turn. The most accurate is: ()

(1) You can't do this. (2) While managing the rope, the soldiers really criticized it like a veteran. (3) In such a poisonous sun, you will soon get sunburned with bare arms, but it will hurt. Get his clothes.

A.①“②”、“③”、“④…”b .①“②…”③:“④…”

C.①"②!" ③。 "④!" d .①“②”，③:“④…”

10 The following sentences are incorrect in punctuation usage analysis: ()

A. We shouted to Gaoshan: Premier Zhou-(dash indicates long sound)

B. A stocky middle-aged man-Neishan boss came over. (A dash indicates an explanation)

C. What a "friend" of the Kuomintang government! (Quotation marks indicate irony and negation)

D. when he took his teacher into the "first level in the world", he walked like this. (Citation indicates reference)

Reference answer:1b2c3b4caeb5aefcb6ba7d8b9a10d

Six, common punctuation errors

1. Use question marks in non-interrogative sentences.

"I don't know who can get through this road? But I must go on unswervingly. "

"Who can cross this road" is the object of "I don't know", and the whole sentence is a declarative sentence with verb-object structure, and no question mark can be used.

2. put the question mark in the inverted sentence.

"Go or not? My nephew. "

This is an inverted sentence, and "my sister-in-law" is the subject of the whole sentence. In all inverted sentences, in order to accurately express the problem, a question mark should be placed at the end of the sentence.

Or the tone of opposition. You can't ask questions as soon as you see them.

3. Use pause between clauses

"Pudong has spread its wings. She is so cheerful, high-spirited, working hard and flying to a brilliant tomorrow. "

There are actually three clauses here. Between the second clause and the third clause, a comma is used instead of a pause. "Cheerful, high-spirited and full of energy" is

Joint phrases. Pause cannot be used after the last component of a joint phrase.

4. Use pause between different levels of joint phrases.

"Shanghai's Yue Opera, Shanghai Opera, Huai Opera, Anhui's Huangmei Opera and Henan's Henan Opera all brought new plays in this performance."

"Yue Opera, Shanghai Opera and Huai Opera" is a level; It is another level to form a joint language with Anhui Huangmei Opera and Henan Henan Opera. The use of pauses between different levels is inevitably unclear. The second level should be changed to comma.

5. Use pause before conjunctions

"Now people have been waiting for a long time, just to see her style or sign an autograph."

"Or" is a conjunction. You can't use pause before conjunctions that don't mean coordinate relationship, whether they are "or", "and" and ". Depending on the situation of different sentences, you can delete pauses or use commas.

6. Use pause to indicate approximate figures

"I look seventeen or eighteen and I look tired."

"Seventeen or eighteen years old" is a combination of two adjacent numbers, indicating the approximate age. Since it is an estimate, we can't pause. Because it is estimated that there is no need to stop; One pause makes "Seventeen" and "Eight" even. This is not in line with the original intention of expression.

7. Use pause to set words.

"The success of this' strike hard' cannot be separated from the efforts of public security cadres and police, and it cannot be separated from the support of public security cadres and police families."

"Police" is a general term, "cadres" refers to cadres, and "police" refers to police. Collective words are compact structures and cannot be separated by pauses.

Don't use pauses in words such as "primary and secondary school students", "colleges and universities", "commanders and fighters" and "drivers and passengers".

8. Use semicolons instead of commas in sentences.

"The key to this campaign is: first, mobilize the masses; The second is to find the right target; Third, we must do it quickly. "

Pause, comma, semicolon and colon are all periods in a sentence, but the pause time is different. You should use a comma with a short pause first, and then a comma with a long pause.

Semicolon, not out of order. Semicolons can only be used directly between items listed in the branch.

9. Use a semicolon after a period in a sentence.

"First, learning is conscious. Have the spirit of stupid birds flying first, self-pressurization; Second, hard work is the key to learning. We should have perseverance and persevere.

Constant; ……"

A period is a dot at the end of a sentence, and a semicolon is a dot in a sentence. Since the period is used, it means that the whole sentence is over. If you use a semicolon again, it will be neither fish nor fowl.

Class. Either change the period to a comma or change the semicolon to a period.

10. The range displayed after the colon is unclear.

"Mao Zedong has two poems:' Only heroes drive tigers and leopards, no heroes fear bears', from which I feel the fearless spirit of the producers of * * *."

On the surface, the content after the colon is the full scope of the prompt. Actually, it is not. There are only two poems here. Or change the colon to

Comma, or change the comma to a period in quotation marks.

1 1. Pause briefly with a colon in the sentence.

"Three outstanding women in this city's literary world: Wang Anyi, Wang Xiaoying and Cheng Naishan are talking and laughing together."

"Three outstanding women" and "Wang Anyi, Wang Xiaoying and Cheng Naishan" are appositive phrases, with only a short pause in the middle, so punctuation is not needed. If you must use it, just use dashes to let Wang, Wang and Cheng be the explanatory words of the "Three Masters".

12。 Use two colons in the same sentence

At the meeting in the evening, Secretary Zhang announced that the factory should implement two reform measures: one is to hold posts with certificates, and the other is full-time training.

"Announcement" is followed by a colon, and "measures" is followed by a colon, which is not in line with the habit of punctuation. Generally, only one colon can be used in the same sentence, otherwise it will be difficult to identify. One of the two colons should be changed to a comma.

13. Use a colon after "so-and-so" in the quotation.

"This bridge is about to open to traffic," he said, looking around the venue. "Please bite the bullet and make the final sprint."

Whenever "so-and-so" is inserted in the middle of a quotation, only commas can be used after this "so-and-so", not colons. The purpose of the colon here is to mention

As shown in the figure below. With a colon, the words in front are nowhere to be found.

14. Add a dot at the end of the quotation.

"How heroic is Li Bai's poem:' Look at how the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky and into the ocean, never to return'."

"For future generations and for the Chinese nation, they became Prometheus who stole fire." "

After quotation marks are used, whether the point at the end of a sentence is inside or outside quotation marks depends on whether the quoted part is independent or subordinate to the reference.

Yes. The last sentence of Li Bai's poem is two complete sentences. The point at the end of the sentence should be enclosed in quotation marks; The next sentence "Prometheus who stole the fire" is only the object part of the sentence.

The dot at the end of the sentence should be put outside quotation marks. Generally speaking, as long as a colon is used in front of it, it means that the references behind it are independent.

15. Straight quotation marks are used for horizontal arrangement.

"A stone stirs up a thousand waves, and people lend a helping hand. It's really true that L people have their own feelings. "

Quotes can be divided into vertical and horizontal rows. Use L'LI vertically and ""horizontally, and don't use it indiscriminately. Some advertising designers mistakenly think that straight quotation marks are antiques, with high status at one end and horizontal symbols at the other. This idea is unacceptable.

16. This is not the title of the book.

"Lida apartment is on sale today, ..."

Book titles are used for titles of books, articles, newspapers and publications. "Lida Apartment" is the name of the commercial house, and the book name cannot be used. You can't misuse the title of a book in order to highlight an expression object.