1. Tian Ji Horse Racing
Tian Ji, the general of Qi State, liked horse racing very much. Once, he made an agreement with King Wei of Qi to have a race. They agreed to divide their horses into three categories: upper, middle and lower. When competing, mounts versus mounts, middle horses versus middle horses, and dismounts versus dismounts. Since King Qi Wei's horses at each level were much stronger than Tian Ji's horses, Tian Ji failed in the competition several times. Tian Ji felt very disappointed and left the racecourse dejectedly before the game was over. At this time, Tian Ji looked up and saw someone in the crowd, who turned out to be his good friend Sun Bin. Sun Bin called Tian Ji over, patted him on the shoulder and said, "I just watched the horse racing. King Wei's horse is not much faster than your horse." Before Sun Bin finished speaking, Tian Ji glared at him and said, "I didn't expect you to come too. You're making fun of me!" Sun Bin said, "I'm not making fun of you, I'm saying that if you compete with him again, I can definitely make you beat him." Tian Ji looked at Sun Bin doubtfully: "You mean to change the horse. Horses?" Sun Bin shook his head and said, "You don't even need to replace a horse." Tian Ji said without confidence, "Then you still have to lose!" Sun Bin said confidently, "Just follow my arrangements." " King Wei of Qi, who had won many battles, was proudly showing off his horses. When he saw Tian Ji walking towards him with Sun Bin, he stood up and said sarcastically: "What, are you still not convinced?" Tian Ji said: " Of course you are not convinced, let’s play again!” With a bang, he poured a lot of money on the table as his bet. When King Qi Wei saw it, he was secretly amused, so he ordered his men to bring in all the silver coins they had won in the past few times, plus another thousand taels of gold, and put them on the table. King Qi Wei said contemptuously: "Let's start!" The gong sounded and the game began. Sun Bin first pitted his inferior horse against King Wei's superior horse and lost the first game. King Qi Wei stood up and said, "I didn't expect that the famous Mr. Sun Bin would come up with such a clumsy countermeasure." Sun Bin ignored him. Then proceed to the second game. Sun Bina's high-grade horse matched King Wei's medium-grade horse and won the round. King Qi Wei was a little flustered. In the third game, Sun Bin took the middle horse and Qi Weiwang's low horse and defeated another game. At this time, King Qi Wei was stunned. The result of the game was a best of three games. Of course, Tian Ji defeated King Qi Wei. It's still the same horses, but by changing the order of appearance in the game, the result is a turn from defeat to victory. The central idea and writing characteristics of Sun Bin's careful observation and planning abilities are demonstrated by writing the story of Sun Bin setting up a plan for Tian Ji so that Tian Ji won the horse race against the King of Qi. Seeing the big from the small, he writes about the characteristics of the characters and the concise principles of operations research.
2. Besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao
In 354 BC, the Wei army besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao. The two sides fought for more than a year, but Zhao declined and Wei was exhausted. At this time, Qi State responded to Zhao State's request for help and sent Tian Ji as a general and Sun Bin as a military advisor to lead 80,000 troops to rescue Zhao. Where to choose the direction of attack? At first, Tian Ji planned to go straight to Handan. Sun Bin believed that in order to untie the tangled threads, one should not forcefully pull them with hands. In order to break up other people's fights, one should not directly participate in them. When sending troops to relieve the siege, avoid the real situation and focus on the weak, and hit the key points. He suggested to Tian Ji that the elite troops of Wei State are now concentrated in Zhao State, and the interior is empty. We can lead our troops to attack the main beams of Wei State's capital city, occupy its transportation arteries, attack its empty places, and attack Wei State. When the country's capital Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) marched, it would inevitably abandon Zhao and return to save itself. The Qi army took advantage of its exhaustion and met the enemy in Guiling, the pre-selected combat area, on its way back. The Wei army was defeated and the siege of Zhao was lifted. Sun Bin used the method of besieging Wei State to rescue Zhao State from danger. This is a very famous battle example in the history of our country, and was listed as an important one among the thirty-six strategies by later military strategists. The strategy of besieging Wei and rescuing Zhao was appreciated by military strategists of all ages, and it still has its vitality to this day.
3. Increase troops and reduce the number of enemies
Wei and Zhao attacked South Korea, and South Korea asked Qi for help. Qi State sent Tian Ji to lead his troops and went straight to Daliang. When Wei general Pang Juan heard the news, he left Korea and rushed back, but the Qi army had already crossed the Qi border and was heading west. Sun Bin said to Tian Ji: "The armies of the Three Jin Dynasties have always been brave and brave, but they look down on Qi. Qi has a reputation for cowardice, and those who are good at fighting can only make the best of the situation. According to the art of war, marching hundreds of miles to compete with the enemy for gain will result in the loss of generals. Fifty miles away and competing with the enemy for advantage, only half of the people can make it.
(In order to make the Wei army think that the Qi army was lagging behind in large numbers,) the Qi army should be ordered to set up 100,000 stoves after entering Wei's territory, 50,000 stoves the next day, and 30,000 stoves the next day. Pang Juan marched for three days and saw the traces of the Qi army's cooking stoves. He was very happy and said, "I knew the Qi army was cowardly. After three days in our territory, most of the soldiers had fled." "So he abandoned the infantry, led only light troops and sharp soldiers, and chased the Qi army at twice the speed.
Sun Bin estimated that the Wei army was marching at a very fast pace and should reach Maling at night. The road in Maling is narrow and there are many sides. Dangerous obstacles allowed soldiers and horses to be ambushed, so the bark of a big tree was peeled off to reveal the white wood, and "Pang Juan died under this tree" was written on it. Then the Qi army's skilled archers were ordered to ambush on both sides of the road with tens of thousands of crossbows. It was agreed that "when it gets dark, we will shoot arrows together when we see a lighted fire." As expected, Pang Juan came to the big tree with its bark peeled off at night. When he saw the writing on the tree, he drilled wood to make fire to illuminate the writing. Before he finished reading, the Qi army fired all their crossbows, and the Wei army was in chaos and lost its formation. Pang Juan knew that there was nothing he could do and the army was completely defeated, so he had no choice but to kill himself. Before he died, he said, "I finally made this kid famous!" "Qi State took advantage of the victory to annihilate the Wei army, and captured Wei Crown Prince Shen and returned to the country. Sun Bin became famous all over the world, and everyone in the world spread his military skills.
4. Take advantage of the situation
Explanation: Follow ; Situation: trend; guidance: guidance. Follow the development trend of things and guide them in a direction that is conducive to achieving one's own goals.
Source: "Historical Records: Biography of Sun Tzu Wu Qi" by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty: "Those who are good at fighting are good at fighting. Take advantage of its potential. ”
During the Warring States Period, Qi State had a general named Sun Bin. He strategized, won thousands of miles, and used troops like a god. At that time, Wei State attacked South Korea, and South Korea asked Qi State for help. Qi State sent Tian Ji as general, and Sun Bin As a military advisor, he led the troops to attack Wei. During the battle, Sun Bin took advantage of the enemy's arrogance and contempt for the Qi army and offered advice to Tian Ji. He said: "Those who are good at fighting can take advantage of their strength." He suggested using the strategy of reducing the number of enemies day by day. , pretending to be defeated and fleeing, luring the enemy deeper. Tian Ji adopted his plan, and the proud Wei army followed the Qi army into a dangerous area called Maling. , annihilating the Wei army in one fell swoop. This was the famous "Battle of Maling" in history. Sun Bin took advantage of the enemy's pride and deceived him, so he won the battle.
5. Increase the number of troops and reduce the number of enemies.< /p>
"Wei and Zhao attacked Han, and Han turned to Qi. Tian Ji, the Qi envoy, went straight to Daliang, which is now Kaifeng, Henan. When Wei general Pang Juan heard about it, he left for Han and returned. The Qi army had already passed and headed west. Sun Tzu said of Tian Ji: "The soldiers of the three Jin Dynasties are naturally strong and brave, but the Qi Qi is weak. The Qi Qi is called cowardly. Those who are good at fighting can use their strength to guide them." Art of War: Those who seek profit within a hundred miles will defeat the general; those who seek profit within fifty miles will reach half the army. Let the Qi army enter the Wei territory with one hundred thousand Zao, tomorrow fifty thousand Zao, and tomorrow thirty thousand Zao. Pang Juan marched for three days. He was overjoyed and said, "I know that the Qi army is timid. After three days of entering our territory, more than half of the soldiers died." "So he abandoned his infantry and chased it with his lighter and sharper troops. Sun Tzu completed his journey and arrived at Maling in the evening. The road to Maling is narrow and there are many obstacles on the sides, where troops can ambush. He cut a big tree and wrote in white: : "Pang Juan died under this tree. ’ So he ordered the Qi army, who were good at shooting, to lay down with ten thousand crossbows in the road, and said: “When you see the fire in the evening, they will all fire.” Before he finished reading his book, the Qi army fired all their crossbows, and the Wei army was in chaos. Pang Juan knew that he had lost his wits and was defeated, so he committed suicide and said: "Then he became known as Shuzi." Qi Yin took advantage of the victory to defeat his army and captured Wei Crown Prince Shen [to return]. Sun Bin became famous in the world with this name, and his military skills were passed down from generation to generation. ” In the example of Sun Bin increasing troops and reducing stoves, Sun Bin’s superb strategic art is demonstrated: by reducing the number of cooking stoves (100,000 to 50,000 to 30,000), Pang Juan believed that the Qi soldiers were timid and cowardly, and the soldiers kept fleeing and abandoned their infantry. The Qi army pursued the Qi army. When they reached Maling on the third night, Sun Bin used the narrow and dangerous terrain of Maling to ambush the archers and set up a dragnet. There are more people, and if there is less food, there will be fewer people. This makes Pang Juan convinced of his own judgment and finally falls into the trap.
6. Sun Pang’s battle of wits
Sun Bin. After studying the art of war with Pang Juan under Guiguzi, Pang Juan resigned and was appointed as the general of Wei. Zhai recommended Sun Bin to King Wei Hui. Pang Juan was jealous, framed Sun Bin, and brutally executed him with a tattoo. After writing the thirteen chapters of "Sun Tzu's Art of War", Pang Juan's servants secretly reported to Sun Bin. Sun Bin pretended to be crazy, which made Pang unaware. Later, he was rescued by the ministers of Qi and escaped to Qi. He was appointed as a military advisor, and every time he used the strategy of encircling Wei and rescuing Zhao, he defeated the Wei army led by Pang Juan in Guiling.
The second time, Sun Bin used a trick to lure Pang Juan into Maling Road and shot him to death with random arrows.