Zhuge Liang was a famous military strategist and politician during the Three Kingdoms period. This article will share a classic quote from Zhuge Liang. Everyone is welcome to read it!

Zhuge Liang’s classic quote:

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1) If the punishment is known to be imposed, the evil will know what to fear.

2) It is difficult to keep a snobbish acquaintance for a long time.

3) Big things start from difficulty, small things start from easy.

4) Gou Quan lives in troubled times and does not seek to learn and reach the princes.

5) Ask people about right and wrong and observe their ambitions; ask people who are poor to argue and observe their changes; ask them about strategies and observe their knowledge; tell them about disasters and observe their courage; get drunk with wine. And observe its nature, observe its integrity when approaching it for benefit, observe its nature when doing things.

6) If there are difficulties, go ahead with yourself; if you have achievements, go behind them.

7) The governance of a saint is to make his residence peaceful and enjoy his career.

8) You should not be happy about things that have nothing to do, and you should not be angry about things that have nothing to do with you.

9) Don’t use yourself as a noble person to make others inferior, don’t use your unique views to disobey others, and don’t rely on your functions to break your trust.

10) Take Western Shu, determine the southern barbarians, and reject the east and north. In the central army tent, change the golden, wood, earth, and divine hexagrams, and the water surface can be attacked with fire.

11) Everything is ready, all we need is the east wind.

12) Without learning, there is no way to expand talents, and without ambition, there is no way to achieve learning.

13) Work hard and die.

14) Aim high.

15) A gentleman’s journey is to cultivate one’s character through tranquility, and to cultivate virtue through frugality. If it is not indifferent, it will not clear its aspirations, and if it is not tranquil, it will not be far-reaching.

16) Generals must not be arrogant. Being arrogant will lead to discourtesy. Being discourteous will cause others to leave. If people leave, everyone will rebel.

17) A good general must have knowledgeable and wise people as his heart, Shen Shen and the secret as his ears and eyes, and those who are brave and good at enemies as his minions.

18) If you are not a scholar, even if you exist, you are called a walking corpse.

19) Only by not being arrogant can you be arrogant, not by favoring others and being authoritative.

20) We should not underestimate ourselves if we have a great spirit of lofty ideals.

21) Those who are far-sighted are safe, and those who are careless are in danger.

22) Noble but not arrogant, victorious but not disobedient, virtuous but able to subordinate, strong but tolerant.

23) If you want to think about its benefits, you must think about its harms; if you want to think about its successes, you must think about its failures.

24) Prevent treachery and use politics, eliminate extravagance and use frugality.

25) If you are lazy, you have to be alert; if you are impetuous, you cannot be rational.

Zhuge Liang’s personal experience

Farming Longmu

Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County, Langye County in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (181) An official family, the Zhuge family is a prominent family in Langxie. The ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as a Sili school captain during the Yuan Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui served as the Taishan County magistrate in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang was born when he was 3 years old. He died of illness, and Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was 8 years old. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, he followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the prefect of Yuzhang by Yuan Shu, to Yuzhang. The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Jingzhou to Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), when Zhuge Xuan died, Zhuge Liang was farming in Longzhong. He often read "Liang Fu Yin" and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. He was dismissive of them all, and only his friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping believed in his talents.

Zhuge Liang had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and others who were famous in Xiangyang at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can match yours." Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and married her. People at that time used it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't be like Kong Ming when choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng." However, there is also a saying that Huang Yueying is extremely beautiful, so she is disliked by other young women in the village. He disparaged her appearance out of jealousy.

Longzhong Countermeasures

At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed troops in Xinye. Later, when Sima Hui met with Liu Bei, he said: "Those Confucian scholars are all ignorant people. How can they understand the current affairs and situation? Only those who understand the current affairs and situation are outstanding."

At this time, there are only Wolong (Zhuge Liang) and Fengchu (Pang Tong). "Zhuge Liang was recommended by Xu Shu again. Liu Bei hoped that Xu Shu would bring Liang to see him, but Xu Shu suggested: "You can go see this man, but you can't make him settle here. The general should deign to pay a visit. Liu Bei went to visit him in person, and visited Zhuge Liang three times before meeting him (known as "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" in history). After meeting Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei asked others to avoid him and asked him: "Now the Han Dynasty is in decline, and treacherous ministers are pretending to be evil." The emperor loses his power when ordered to do things. I did not measure my own virtue and ability. I wanted to revive the world with great justice, but my wisdom and strategies were short and insufficient, so I often failed. However, my ambition has not calmed down to this day. Do you have a plan, sir? "Can you help me?"

Zhuge Liang then told him the plan of dividing the world into three parts, analyzed the situation in which Cao Cao was unavailable and Sun Quan could come to his aid; and he also detailed the state pastors of Jing and Yi states. Cowardly, there is an opportunity, and only with these two states can we win the world; he also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This discussion was later called "Longzhong Dui". After hearing this, Liu Bei praised Zhuge Liang greatly and strongly invited Zhuge Liang to help, so Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain and entered the scene. Liu Bei often discussed with him, and their relationship became increasingly close. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were very unhappy. Liu Bei explained to them: "I have Kong Ming, just like a fish gets water. I hope you will stop talking." "" Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others stopped complaining. The "Longzhong Dui" proposed by Zhuge Liang became the basic national policy of Liu Bei and Shu Han in the following decades.

The Battle of Chibi

In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Liu Biao's wife Liu Qi's stepmother Cai made repeated slanders, and Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on how to stabilize himself, but Zhuge Liang refused every time. During a banquet, Liu Qi used the strategy of going up to the house to take out the ladder and asked Zhuge Liang to come up with a solution. Zhuge Liang then asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see Shen Sheng in the Spring and Autumn Period? There is danger inside, but can Chong'er (referring to Jin Wengong) be safe outside?" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Soochow, and Liu Qi recommended him to be the prefect of Jiangxia to protect himself outside. In August of the same year, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent envoys to surrender. After Liu Bei found out about it in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun at Changban in Dangyang and defeated Liu Jun.

Liu Bei was defeated and left for Xiakou. Sun Quan had previously sent Lu Su to observe the situation, and suggested to Liu Bei that he ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang then recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist to negotiate with Liu Bei. Lu Su became friends.

After arriving at Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices using a dichotomy: "If we can compete with the Central Plains countries with the military strength of Wu and Yue, it is better to break off diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible"; One option is to provoke the generals, "If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military operations and surrender to the north!" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang then raised Liu Bei's status, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Liu Bei's determination to Sun Quan. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. He first said that the scattered troops from the army returned and Guan Yu's navy had ten thousand people. In addition, Liu Qifan's Jiangxia soldiers were no less than ten thousand. He then said that Cao's army was exhausted from afar. When chasing Liu Bei, he used Qingqi to attack Liu Bei. After traveling more than three hundred miles day and night, it was "the end of the strong crossbow, and the force could not penetrate Lu Zhen"; and the northerners were not used to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou were forced to obey Cao Cao, not convinced; in the end, it was definitely said that Cao Cao could be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy. Later, he was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to join forces with Liu to fight against Cao Cao. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others to lead 30,000 naval troops to go to war with Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army; in November, Cao Cao's army encountered Sun and Liu's coalition forces and a fire attack in Chibi. Cao Cao's army suffered very heavy losses. At this time, a plague broke out in Cao Cao's army, and Cao Cao He had no choice but to lead his army back north.

Sufficient food and sufficient soldiers

The four counties in Jingnan appointed Zhuge Liang as the military advisor Zhonglang General. He lived in Linxian and supervised the three counties of Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, and was responsible for adjustments. Pay taxes and enrich military resources.

In the 16th year of Jian'an (211), Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Meng Da to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang then guarded Jingzhou with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others. By December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and also attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of the defense of Jingzhou, dividing his troops to pacify various counties, and together with Liu Bei besieged Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million yuan, and one thousand pieces of brocade. He was also appointed as military advisor general and assigned to the left general's office. Whenever Liu Bei sent out troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the Battle of Hanzhong, he provided financial support for Liu Bei.

In the first year of Yankang (220), the first year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established himself on his own. In the second year of Wei Huangchu (221), the ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor. Liu Bei did not agree. Zhuge Liang used the story of Geng Chun to persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei agreed, appointing Zhuge Liang as prime minister, recording ministerial affairs, and taking a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed, and Zhuge Liang took the post of Sili Xiaowei.

"It's a pity that Fazheng passed away, otherwise His Majesty's Eastern Expedition would have been prevented." In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral arrangements with Li Yan. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang: "Your talents are ten times that of Cao Pi. You will definitely be able to settle the country and achieve great things. If the heir (Liu Chan) can help, then help him; if he has no talents, you can take care of yourself." Zhuge Liang said with tears: "I will do my best to repay my loyalty and loyalty until my death!" Liu Bei also asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father. In April, Liu Bei died and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne.

Baidi City

Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and opened official offices. Soon after, he took over the post of Yizhou Mu again. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all political matters, big and small, and was decided by Zhuge Liang. Originally, the Nanzhong region took the opportunity to rebel due to the death of Liu Bei. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just passed away its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to Soochow to repair it.

In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225 years), Zhuge Liang led his army to the south. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden yue, a curved cover, one front and rear feathers, and sixty men. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land to attack Yong Kai and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion of joining the army and focused on attacking the enemy's mind. He first defeated Yong Kai's army, and then captured and manipulated Meng Huo seven times. By the autumn, all the chaos was settled. The Shu Han settled in Nanzhong and obtained a large amount of resources, and formed a powerful force called the Wudang Flying Army. After long-term accumulation, we have the foundation for the Northern Expedition.

Northern Expedition to the Central Plains

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the slanting valley road to capture the camp. He asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and he led his army to attack Qishan. . The three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding in Longyou rebelled against Wei and attached themselves to Shu, and Guanzhong was shaken. When Emperor Wei Ming went to Chang'an in the west, he ordered Zhang He to lead 50,000 people on foot and cavalry and break the horses in the street pavilion. At the same time, Zhao Yun was outnumbered and lost to Jigu. Zhuge Liang took more than a thousand families from Xi County back to Hanzhong. The first Northern Expedition failed.

In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang took advantage of the Wei army's eastward movement and the weakness of Guanzhong. He took advantage of the Northern Expedition and sent troops to Sanguan (southwest of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to surround Chencang (east of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). Wei general Hao Zhao Rejected, Zhuge Liang failed to persuade him to surrender, and because he could no longer supply food and grass, he had no choice but to return to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to pursue him and was beheaded.

In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (surrounding today's Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (surrounding today's Wenxian County, Gansu Province) counties. Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, led troops to rescue him. Liang moved out to Jianwei (today's west of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Guo Huai retreated and gained two counties.

In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three directions. Sima Yi took Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He took Ziwu Valley, and Cao Zhen took Xie Valley. Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Chenggu (east of today's Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (twenty miles east of today's Yang County, Shaanxi Province). It rained heavily for more than thirty days, and the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi to the west to enter the Qiangzhong, and defeated Wei Hou General Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Governor Guo Huai in Yangxi (in Nan'an County, southwest of Wushan in present-day Gansu Province).

In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan and began to transport it with wooden oxen. At that time, Cao Zhen was seriously ill, and Sima Yi, the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, refused to go out. Zhuge Liang cut wheat in Shanggui (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi pursued Liang to Lucheng (now between Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province), dug a camp to defend himself, and was ridiculed as "fearing Shu as much as fearing a tiger".

According to the records of "Han, Jin, Spring and Autumn", in May of the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban to resist, and defeated Sima Yi. The Han army gained 3,000 level first-class soldiers, 5,000 collars of black armor, and horned crossbows. Three thousand one hundred pieces, so Sima Yi returned to Baoying. This historical material was later cited in Zizhi Tongjian. "Book of Jin" records that the Wei army removed its armor and light equipment, marched day and night, and met Zhuge Liang in Hanyang. Sima Yi sent general Niu Jin to lead his light cavalry as bait. Zhuge Liang retreated to Qishan Mountain, stationed troops in Lucheng, occupied the two mountains in the north and south, blocked the water and built walls. The Wei army broke through and defeated the Shu army, capturing and beheading tens of thousands of people. However, there is no record of either theory in "Three Kingdoms" written by Chen Shou.

In June, Li Yan called Zhuge Liang to return the army due to lack of food transportation. Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to Mumen, where he was shot to death by an arrow - this was his second departure from Qishan.

In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led his army out of the Xiegu Road. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (now south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province), he stationed fields on Weibin, and made an appointment with Sima Yi to attack Weinan. The leaders of Wu State sent troops together. During this period, Zhuge Liang not only sent envoys to declare war repeatedly, but also sent women to dress up to anger Sima Yi. However, Sima Yi endured the humiliation and refused to leave, and used the clever strategy of "asking for battle from thousands of miles away" to calm the general's anger.

Sima Yi once asked an envoy from the Shu Han Dynasty how much Zhuge Liang slept, ate and did, without asking about the military situation. The envoy replied: "Zhuge Gong gets up early and goes to bed late. All punishments of more than twenty sticks are personally reviewed; The food he eats is less than a few liters. "Sima Yi told people: "Zhuge Kongming eats less and has trouble with his affairs. How long can he live?"

Zhuge Liang then divided his troops to farm and fight with Wei in the Wei Kingdom. The people of the country wanted to be self-sufficient with the same food and planned to stay there for a long time. However, Zhuge Liang became seriously ill due to overwork.

Died of illness in Wuzhangyuan

Liu Chan sent Minister Li Fu to greet him and inquire about major national affairs. When Li Fu arrived, Zhuge Liang finished his conversation, said goodbye, and came back a few days later. Zhuge Liang said: "I know your intention of coming back. Although we have been talking all day recently, some things have not been explained yet, so I have come to hear the decision again. Jiang Wan is suitable for what you want to ask." Li Fu apologized and said: "I really didn't ask before. If you think about it, who can take on the important task after this year, so I asked him again, who can take on the important task after Jiang Wan? "Zhuge Liang said, "Fei Yi can take over." Zhuge Liang did not answer.

In August, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan (in Qishan, Baoji) at the age of fifty-four. Yang Yi and others led the army back, but Jiang Wei and others followed Zhuge Liang's will and did not announce the funeral secretly, and slowly retreated. Sima Yi led his army in pursuit and saw the Shu Han military commander flying his flag and Kong Ming sitting in the car with a feather fan and silk scarf. Sima Yi suspected that Kong Ming was using a trick to lure the enemy, so he quickly rode his horse to withdraw his troops. Hence the proverb "Dead Zhuge scares away Sheng Zhongda".

Of these six military campaigns, only two were sent out of Qishan; the fourth time was when the Wei army took the initiative to attack and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous heavy rains and flash floods that destroyed the plank roads, Shu and Wei did not fight.

After the army returned to Chengdu, Liu Chan posthumously named Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Zhongwu.

Zhuge Liang’s last words ordered his subordinates to bury him at Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong and build a tomb according to the mountain. The tomb could only accommodate a coffin. Zhuge Liang once pointed out in the table that he had no extra property, only 800 mulberry trees and 15 hectares of land, and all he owned were granted by the court. Even though his son was self-sufficient, he had no extra property. Sure enough, Zhuge Liang was like this until his death. Even before his death, he ordered that he only need to dig a hole for burial. It is enough for the coffin to be put in. He can wear ordinary clothes and does not need other burial objects. The tomb of Marquis Wu is in Mian County, Dingjun Mountain.

Many places in the Shu Han Dynasty sent letters requesting the erection of Zhuge Liang temples, but the Shu Han court violated the etiquette and refused to accept them, so the people privately offered sacrifices to Zhuge Liang on the roads during the four seasons festivals. Until the sixth year of Jingyao (263), at the suggestion of Xi Long and Xiang Chong, Liu Chan built a temple for Zhuge Liang in Mianyang.

Thirty years after Zhuge Liang's death, Sima Zhao sent Deng Ai and Zhong Hui to attack Shu. His eldest son Zhuge Zhan and eldest grandson Zhuge Shang died in the Battle of Mianzhu.