《 Psychological Types: How to Classify People? 》 Reading Notes (Twenty-seven)
April 22, 2022
Continued
The dominant function usually expresses the conscious personality, which is his of purpose, awareness and achievement. The inferior function causes fallacies, and some decisions are made based on one's own mild awareness. The extraverted feeling type is obviously manifested.
The inferior function in the extraverted attitude shows a high degree of subjective prescriptiveness due to its obvious personal centralism and personal bias, and therefore proves that it is indeed closely related to the unconscious. Of course, unconsciousness sometimes flows into consciousness very quickly. Observers who are good at judgment will focus on grasping the characteristics of consciousness, while observers with insight are more susceptible to the influence of unconscious characteristics. Because we often use perception and judgment equally, we cannot immediately judge the dominant function. To thoroughly analyze the nature of the function, one must observe which attitudes are placed under conscious control and motivation (more separate), which have an accidental and spontaneous character (more infantile and primitive essence), and which later There are relatively many things that are abnormal or pathological.
Three: Characteristics of basic psychological functions in extraverted attitude
1: Thinking
There are two sources of thinking: one is subjective and ultimately boils down to the source of unconsciousness; The second is the objective fact that uses sensory perception as the transmission channel.
Extraverted thinking mainly tends to objects and objective events. An effective and decisive criterion for judging extraverted thinking must be based on objective conditions. It can also be a pure conceptual thinking. To judge whether thinking is Whether it is extraversion or not, the criterion lies directly in whether his judgment standard comes from the outside world or from subjective sources (thinking has a preferential extraversion tendency).
The author said that the reason why extraverted thinking type is common among outstanding representatives is that they obtain a certain visual form of thinking from outside the world, that is, from the general idea of ??objects or forms. .
In fact there is also a kind of thinking that is neither oriented to direct objective experience nor related to universally derived objective ideas. The thinking process that arises in objective events and strives to return to the object again maintains a constant connection with the subject. This process is an absolutely necessary condition for the generation of thinking. The thinking process is a subjective process. Only after the objective facts are subjectified, that is, after the facts are assimilated to the subject, can thinking exclude the corresponding subjective process and all other participation.
After the subjective process acquires the main value, the purely subjective thought tendency of introversion that competes with extraverted thinking will appear. It is a kind of fact that is generated in subjective events and points to subjective ideas or subjective characteristics. thinking.
When the objective tendency is dominant, it is extraverted thinking, but the logic of thinking has not changed. That is to say, the orientation to the object has not fundamentally changed in the thinking function, only the appearance has changed. If Extraverted Thinking focuses on thinking about material materials, it will make a clear difference whether the observer himself can see the essence of things or can only see their appearance, especially when an objective fact has an analytical nature. When a subjective idea is expounded or this idea is regarded as a product or variant of an objective idea, the subjective tendency will make the objective event submit to the subjective idea. Extraverted thinking has a profoundly ambiguous and archaic incommensurability, and the war between the two concepts is endless.
Objects of subjective nature and objects of objective nature are easy to reconcile after being distinguished, but the two orientations themselves are one-sided and their effectiveness is limited, so it is difficult to successfully mediate. When thinking is reduced to an appendage of objective facts, the process of thought becomes a mere "reflection" and returns directly to the objective facts, never connecting experience with objective concepts. The psychology of a materialist State is a perfect example.
When extraverted thinking is forced to subordinate to objective events by an objective regulation, on the one hand, undigested empirical materials continue to accumulate, on the other hand, a large amount of suppressed and to a certain extent Individual experience without connection produces a state of intellectual dissociation that demands psychological compensation. The form of compensation is a one-sided collection of facts, and many valuable and sensitive aspects are ignored, such as the emergence of science fiction literature.
2: Extraverted thinking type
When an individual’s life is mainly limited by reactive thinking, so that all important behaviors need to be generated from rational thinking motives, or there is a kind of thinking that is related to this When a tendency with consistent motives exists, it can be called a thinking type, with both introversion and extroversion possible.
Next, the author imagined a pure type of character, pointing out that according to the nature of the extraverted attitude, the best external expression is at the edge of its influence, the more charitable and popular it is, and the more charitable and popular it is in the inner field. Obnoxious and overbearing. In this process, life is quietly withdrawing from everything that is contrary to its principles.
The rational program that contains a large number of life possibilities leads to the suppression or complete exclusion of other important life forms and activities. The first is life forms that rely on emotions, such as hobbies, etc. These life forms will remain Self-existence (unconscious existence) or sacrificing life to maintain a certain program. In order to be consistent with the external environment and internal characteristics, life forms that are suppressed by intellectual attitudes will sooner or later become gradually disordered through the conscious behavior of life. Things that can be directly perceived, such as suffering from neurosis, are mostly just an excuse to defend and defend, and are not too serious. That part of the conscious attitude which is unconsciously controlled, is inferior, blends with all other contents of the unconscious, and derives from it its ordinary character, not so important as far as consciousness is concerned, but quite significant for the whole mental picture. important.
Strict intellectual programming inhibits emotion, which is greatly distorted and can only support the intellectual attitude of consciousness and be consistent with its goals. But a part of the tenacious emotion disappears and engages in a subconscious activity (unconscious intention contrary to the law of cause and effect, with unimaginable results), such as secret self-seeking mixed with a kind of conscious altruism with extremely noble principles . The reputation of the human nature of certain tyrants cannot be understood to mean that the highly impersonal character of the conscious attitude endows the unconscious emotions with a highly personal and overly sensitive character, thus giving rise to some implicit prejudice.
The more deeply the emotions are suppressed, the more the mind, which in other respects may well be called perfect, is affected by subtle and pernicious influences, such as the dogmatism of intellectual ideas. But sometimes the mixture of unconscious personal emotions and unconscious individuals can further modify the dogmatism of intellectual concepts. Intellectual programs have a huge advantage, and can even replace the universal view of life of religion and become religion, possessing the most important features of religion. The basic absolute characteristic has become an intellectual superstition.
The unconscious accumulation of repressed and tormented psychological tendencies into an opposing viewpoint is the outbreak of paranoia. The attitude of the conscious mind becomes feverish as a means of defense (overcompensation), common in the male mind as well as in thoughts arising from the intuitive activity of the brain that is dominant in women.
Extraverted thinking is constructive, analyzing and constructing at the same time, and often makes comprehensive judgments (judgmental). Thought can no longer develop where the creative element inhibits another function. His judgment restricts itself entirely within the confines of particular materials, contenting itself with abstract narratives, and assigning no value to empirical materials that have long since ceased to exist.
The inner judgment of extraverted thinking shows the objective importance of experience. This judgment at its highest level represents an experience set on an objective background.
In consciousness, as long as any function other than thinking gets priority and reaches a certain degree of prominence, negativity will be shown. Ostensibly affirming (just a simple imitation of the function of domination), the author believes that this kind of thinking is of no value to the discussion. Only thinking that does not succumb to the dominance of other functions and is loyal to its own principles has value. But it is not easy to observe it. You must first obtain some kind of assistance in the background of consciousness or occasionally remove your guard, and use inducement to make it appear on the surface. You can use "nothing----?but----" ” to show his usual style. Many aphorisms and maxims fall into this category, such as Maurice Scott's famous quote "A man is what he eats."
This kind of thinking is equally destructive, like theosophy. The author sees it as a reaction to the era's fading materialism, which sees neurological disorders as the result of something colliding with the stars. Fundamentally, this kind of theosophical thinking is as negative as materialism, and there is no difference. Materialism becomes superstitious when it interprets psychology as cellular changes or internal secretions. The difference between the two is that materialism subsumes all phenomena into physiology, while theosophy subsumes everything into Indian theological concepts. Theosophical and materialistic explanations are unoriginal and destructive, a type of thinking dominated by other functions.
3: Emotion
The object plays an important and decisive role in the emotion in the extraverted attitude. Extraverted feeling breaks away from the category of subjective factors and completely succumbs to the influence of the object, replacing his relationship with subjective factors. However, it cannot escape the control of some tradition or conventional standards. This is an applicable behavior.
The value generated by emotional activities must not only be directly consistent with objective value, but also be coordinated with some traditional and universal value standards. Emotions contribute to the existence of popular lifestyles and bring about comprehensive recognition and widespread support for social, philanthropic and similar cultural undertakings, thus proving that extraverted feeling has a creative element and has both beneficial and rational effects. This beneficial effect will be lost when Extraverted Feeling is too assimilated to the object and loses its emotional character.
Extraverted Feeling provides an aesthetic complement to a situation, but overemphasis leads to the emergence of a strange and paradoxical emotional detachment. Emotional value holds individual emotions in the hand, and thus arises internal or mutually incompatible connections. When all truly personal perspectives are suppressed and the subject is completely overwhelmed by individual emotional processes, the other non-emotional subject becomes merely an emotional process.
In severe cases hysterical symptoms may occur.
4: Extraverted Feeling type
The dominant type of Extraverted Feeling is the Extraverted Feeling type, which is more prominent among women.
Women's emotions have personal characteristics, subjective factors are suppressed, and personality tends to be adjusted by objective conditions. Her emotions are always consistent with the objective environment and universal values. Most obviously revealed in "Love Choice." Emotions can only be felt "accurately" when they are not interfered with by anything else. Thinking is the most common disturbing factor, so this type will do everything possible to suppress thinking. In this case, women also think, but their thinking has no uniqueness. They can only think appropriately within the range allowed by their emotions. , which disturbs the emotions will be removed by her.
When the importance of objectivity reaches a very high level and subject and object are assimilated, the individual characteristics of emotion are transformed into the emotion itself, and the splitting of personality into various emotions is inevitable. But the foundation of the self is always consistent with itself. It is therefore more accurate for observers to view emotion as a change in mood. The initial compensatory attitude of the unconscious will turn into an obvious opposition as the separation between the self and the momentary state of emotion becomes apparent. The more excessive emphasis is placed on the relationship between emotion and object, the more the unconscious antagonism becomes. The closer to the surface. The Extraverted Feeling type suppresses her thoughts to avoid interference with her emotions. His logic led to the conclusion that thinking and emotion cannot be integrated. This kind of thinking must enter the unconscious somewhere, so this type of unconscious content is a unique kind of thinking, infantile, primitive, Negative characteristics.
As long as conscious emotions retain their personal characteristics, the compensatory nature of unconscious thought remains unchanged. If the personality is split and the self-unity is destroyed, the subject becomes unconscious. A connection is established with the unconscious thinking function. The stronger the conscious emotional connection, the less self-conscious he is and the stronger the unconscious antagonism. Unconscious ideas will only gather in the most valuable objects, and the value of the objects will be ruthlessly deprived of them, often using the "nothing except -----" way of thinking. Unconscious thoughts have the nature of an obsessive idea and have the universal characteristics of negation and devaluation. The collective unconscious also belongs to the same way, such as infantile hysteria with the world of unconscious ideas.
5: Overview of the extraverted rational type
The above two types are types of rational judgment. Reasoning and judgment restrict their lives to a large extent, but they do not only rely on reasoning. Judge life. are also affected by irrationality to an equal extent. It is very difficult to clearly describe the type of rationality from the perspective of the unconscious. If we try to firmly establish psychological principles on the unconscious, it seems impossible to find a definite objective footing to describe the self based on the individual's subjective consciousness. point. The observer can only be based on the conscious psychology of the person being observed, because only he himself knows his own motives. Reasoning and judgment forces the ruleless and accidental things in life into definite forms. Because consciousness only accepts rational choices, it is necessary to clearly choose the various possibilities of a good life. On the other hand, the independence and influence of the psychological function that can detect the accidental events of life are basically limited.
The functions of feeling and intuition exist because of their universality, but the products are controlled by the choice of reasoning and judgment, suppressed and separated. This is extremely special in the two types of unconsciousness of the author. What he did Things that are consistent with infantile primitive feelings or even with similar ancient intuitions, both types would be described as irrational.
Both types of rationality tend to be objective and rely on objective facts. The higher the importance of the object is elevated, the more the subject and subjective rationality are suppressed, and are treated with unconscious tyranny. , many primitive feelings manifest themselves in forced forms. The powerful influence of opposition and unconscious content often interrupts the reign of rational consciousness and even produces a pronounced auxiliary role of accidental factors, with the result that accidental events acquire a compulsive power with the help of their sensory value or unconscious meaning. Influence?.