What does the list of academicians of the French Academy mean? "French Assistant"

Académie fran?aise

Pinyin: fǎlánxī xuéshùyuàn

Académie fran?aise (French: Académie fran?aise) is an academic institution in France and a member of the French Society One of the five academic academies under the Institut de France, it is the oldest and most famous academic authoritative institution among the five academic academies. Being elected as an academician of the Institut de France is a very high honor.

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History

The French Academy was founded in 1635 by the prime minister, Cardinal Richelieu. The regulations and regulations of the Academy were signed by him. King Louis XIII of France personally issued an edict to approve it, and it was registered in the National Assembly in 1637.

Members of the Academy initially met at an academician’s home. After 1639, the meeting was held at the home of Séguier, the Lord Chancellor of the Seal. After 1672, it was held at the Louvre. From 1805 to the present, the meeting was held in the French Academy of Sciences. Held in the courtyard palace.

Except for the French Revolution from 1793 to 1803, the academy has been operating in an orderly manner for three and a half centuries.

The French Academy was originally under the guardianship of Cardinal Richelieu. After his death, it was protected by the Lord Privy Seal, and then under the protection of Louis XIV and the successive kings, emperors and heads of state of France.

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About the name

Due to the inconsistency in translations, the "Académie Fran?aise" is often called the "Institut de France", so it is not the same as the "Institut". de France" is confused. Not only ordinary people cannot figure out the relationship between them, but also more professional people often confuse them, so it is necessary to correct their names.

The word "Académie" (Académie) originated from Jardin d'Akadêmos, Plato's teaching garden in Athens. The famous Littré (Littré) "French Language Dictionary" defined it as: "a man of letters" , scientists, and artist groups.” These three types of people are known for their erudition and knowledge. The integration and exchange of their knowledge are academic activities, so the name "Academic Academy" is accurate.

The academicians of the French Academy are the most prestigious. Logically speaking, they can be called "Academicians of the French Academy". By the same token, academicians of the other four academic academies should also be called "Academicians of the French Academy".

If the academicians of the "Academy of Arts", "Academy of Sciences", "Academy of Fine Arts" and "Academy of Humanities" are given the name of their own institution, and the "Academician of the French Academy" is called the "Academy of France" "Academician" is an honor given to academicians of the academy. But it should be understood that logically speaking, they are at the same level as academicians of other academic academies, but they are more valued.

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Organizational composition

The French Academy*** is composed of forty academicians. The academicians are for life, and only after the death of one academician Only then can a new academician be elected, and the election will be conducted by academicians of the academy. Since its inception, there have been 719 academicians in our institute.

The academicians of this academy gather the highest authorities in French academia, including poets, novelists, playwrights, philosophers, doctors, scientists, anthropologists, artists, etc. who have made outstanding contributions to the glory of French. Critics, but also often include non-academic celebrities, such as soldiers, politicians and religious figures.

Through the rich diversity of its composition, the Académie Fran?aise embodies the image of a French think tank true to talent, intelligence, culture, literature and scientific imagination.

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Work tasks

The Académie Fran?aise has a dual mission: first, to standardize the French language; second, to protect various arts.

The first task is the historical mission carried out from the beginning. For this reason, academicians must work hard to standardize and clarify the language so that it can become a common language for all French people and all people who use French. ***Same wealth.

The members of the French Academy work to maintain the clarity and purity of the evolving French language, specifically by standardizing the correct use of the language through the compilation of dictionaries that fix the use of the language, but also through their suggestions and their participation in various committees working on terminology to achieve this goal.

Although their decisions are not binding on the government or the people and are only an advisory reference, they rely on their authority to guide the development direction of French.

Another task of the Academy is to fund literary and artistic creation, which was not anticipated in the early days of the Academy's establishment. Funded by donations from foundations or personal bequests, the Académie Fran?aise now awards approximately sixty literary prizes each year.

The most noteworthy thing is that since 1986, the French-speaking Overseas Award has been awarded every year, thus marking the academic academy’s continuous efforts in promoting French to the world.

The academy also provides funding to literary groups, scholars and authors of public welfare works, and provides assistance and a certain number of installments to large families, widowers and widowers, people living in poverty or people with special virtues. Grants.

Dictionary

Standardizing French is the original task of the Academy. In order to standardize, clarify, and purify the French language and make it understandable to all users, the academicians of the French Academy in 1694 The first dictionary was published, followed by other editions in 1718, 1740, 1762, 1798, 1835, 1878, and 1932-1935. The ninth edition, which was published in 1992, is in the process of compilation and has now moved from the letter A to the word plébéien.

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Immortality

The academician’s nickname of “Immortal” comes from the seal made by the founder of the Academy, Cardinal Richelieu. The famous saying "Dedicated to Immortality".

Being elected as an academician of the French Academy is regarded by the public as the highest honor. The status of an academician is a lifelong dignity. No one can resign from the Academy. Expulsion from the academy is due to serious incidents that damage the reputation of the academy. Expulsion is extremely rare in the history of the academy.

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Academician Symbol

When academicians hold a grand meeting under the dome of the Academy Palace, they must hold their own distinctive swords and wear The famous "green uniform" - elected academicians will be awarded a dark green tuxedo embroidered with gold thread, a sleeveless robe, a Napoleonic two-cornered hat decorated with feathers and a sword to show the dignity of the academicians. and majesty. This costume was designed during Napoleon's first reign. It was the unique costume of academicians of the French Academy.

In the past, academicians of the French Academy were treated like members of the royal family, and now they also have high prestige in the minds of the French public.

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Celebrities who have been elected as academicians of the French Academy

Pierre Corneille

Louis Colbert, the famous finance minister of the Fourteenth Period

Racine

Montesquieu

Voltaire

Condorcet ( Condorcet)

Lucien Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon

Mathematician Laplace

Mathematician Fourier

Chateaubriand