Sima Qian, a famous historian, thinker and writer in the Western Han Dynasty

His admiration for Mount Tai is well known

In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty For the first time, Sima Qian's father, as a historian, was supposed to come to Mount Tai to participate in the ceremony, but he stayed in Luoyang for some reason. He regarded participating in the Fengchan ceremony as a major event in his political life. He was extremely regretful and disappointed that he could not travel east to attend the Zen Ceremony. He eventually became ill and bedridden from worry.

At this time, Sima Qian happened to meet his father after returning from a trip, so he held Sima Qian's hand and said with tears: "Our ancestors were officials in the Zhou Dynasty, and our distant ancestors also made great contributions to the Xia Dynasty. The leader of hundreds of officials will gradually weaken in later generations. Will the heaven be destroyed by me? If you can succeed the official position of Taishi, you can inherit the ancestral legacy. Taishan, but I can't accompany you. It's destined! After my death, you will definitely succeed to the position of Taishi. As Taishi, don't forget my desire to write books."

< p>Sima Qian could see from his father's words how important it was for Guangzong to honor his ancestors by participating in the Fengchan Taishan Ceremony. Sima Qian lived up to his father's wishes. Even after being castrated, he remained determined to endure humiliation and complete his father's unfinished business. In the "Book of Reporting to Ren An" to his friend Ren An, he expressed his painful mood after being tortured, and mentioned his intention to write "Historical Records" and his determination to complete it. In this famous letter, Sima Qian integrated Mount Tai into the famous saying of the ages: "Everyone is destined to die, which may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." It can be seen that in Sima Qian's mind, Mount Tai is a solemn, majestic, majestic and lovely place. symbol of affection.

The author of the letter to Ren An: Sima Qian

Shaoqing's words: I was humiliated to give you the book, and I taught you to be cautious in receiving things, and to promote talented people as a scholar. It is not used by teachers, but spreads the words of common people. I don't dare to do this. Although he is no longer a slave, he still hears about the legacy of his elders. Gu Zi thought that his body was broken and filthy, and when he moved, he saw something strange. He wanted to gain but lost instead, so he was depressed and speechless. The proverb goes: "Who does it? Who listens to it?" Gai Zhongziqi died, and Boya stopped playing the harp for the rest of his life. Why? Scholars are for confidants, women are for telling one's appearance. If the servant's quality is lacking, even though he is accommodating and amiable in nature, but his behavior is hesitant and careless, he will not be able to be proud, and he will be able to laugh and nod to himself.

It is appropriate to answer the words in the book: Huidong came up from the top, and he was forced to do something cheap. When we met each other, the soldiers did not need to know all the meanings in a moment. Today, Shaoqing is charged with an unexpected crime. It involves the tenth month of the lunar month and the winter season. The servants are thin and weak, and they are afraid of death. This servant will no longer be able to relax, anger, and resentment, and the long-dead soul will have endless private hatred. Please be a little stale. If you don't report it, don't miss it.

I heard that cultivating one’s character is the palace of wisdom, loving charity is the pinnacle of benevolence, taking what is given is the talisman of righteousness, humiliation is the symbol of courage, and establishing a reputation is the ultimate act. If a scholar possesses these five qualities, he can be entrusted to the world and ranked among the gentlemen. Therefore, no misfortune should be caused by desire for profit, no sorrow should be caused by heartbreak, no ugly behavior should be caused by humiliation, and no criticism should be greater than castration. There are countless people who have been punished for the rest of their lives. They are not in one life, and they have never been far away. In the past, Duke Ling of Wei and Yong Quzhao, Confucius was in charge of Chen; Shang Yang inspected it because of the scene, and Zhao Liang was heartbroken; the same son took part in the ride, and the silk threads changed color; he has been ashamed of it since ancient times. A man with a good husband will be angry when it comes to the officialdom, how much more can he be married to an generous man! Although there are few people in the dynasty today, how can I be so powerful that I can recommend him to the world's most powerful people? I have been relying on my ancestors for more than twenty years. Therefore, I am self-righteous: I cannot accept loyalty and allegiance, I have the reputation of wonderful strategies and materials, and I am the leader of the Ming Dynasty; secondly, I cannot pick up the missing pieces, recruit talents and talents, and show people who are in the cave; I cannot prepare an army for the outsiders. In siege of a city (field battle), one has to kill generals and knock down flags; in siege, one should not work hard for days and days, and get a respected official and a generous salary, as a favor for family members. None of the four are successful, they are all in harmony, and have no short and long effects, which can be seen here. In rural areas, servants are also among the officials who serve in the toilet, accompanying the foreign court in final discussions. If you don't use this time to draw the line and think about it, now you have lost your form and become a slave. Among the thorns, you want to write a letter and talk about right and wrong. You are not underestimating the imperial court, and you are ashamed of the people of the world! Alas! Alas! Like a servant, what else can I say? What more can be said!

The whole story is not yet clear. The young servant has unbridled talents and has no reputation as a country tune. Fortunately, the Lord, because of his ancestors, allowed him to go in and out of the Zhou Dynasty with low skills. The servant thinks that he is wearing a basin to look at the sky, so he ignores the knowledge of the guests, forgets about his family and family affairs, and uses up his unworthy talents day and night to work single-mindedly on his duties, so as to seek the favor of his master. But something could not be further from the truth. The husband's servant and Li Ling both lived under the same door. They were not friendly to each other. However, the servant observes that he is a distinguished scholar, filial to his relatives, trustworthy with his scholars, honest in dealing with wealth, righteous in giving to others, making concessions and concessions, respectful and thrifty in his subordinates, and always thinks of working hard to serve the needs of the country regardless of his own life. He was born as an animal, and he thought he had the style of a national scholar. It is extraordinary that my wife and minister risked their lives regardless of their life plans and found it difficult to go to the public house. Now that I have done something inappropriate, the minister who spared no effort to protect his wife then went on to harm her, and I am sincere and heartbroken. Moreover, Li Lingti had less than five thousand infantrymen. He was deeply involved in the land of soldiers and horses, and he was able to pass through the royal court. He baited the tiger's mouth and picked up strong barbarians. He had hundreds of millions of troops and fought with the Shan Yu for more than ten days. He was killed more than he deserved. The captives were not given life-saving treatment, and Chang Xian, the ruler of Zhanqiu, was horrified, so he summoned the wise kings on the left and right, and the people raised their bows. The enemy of a country attacked and surrounded them. They fought for thousands of miles, and the road was exhausted. No reinforcements arrived, and the soldiers were killed or injured. Such as accumulation. However, as soon as Li Ling called for a labor force, all the soldiers could not stand up. They bowed in tears, drank blood and cried. They stretched their swords in the air and fought against the deadly enemy in the north. When the mausoleum was not destroyed, envoys came to report it, and all the princes and ministers of the Han Dynasty offered cups of wine to celebrate their longevity.

A few days later, I heard that the emperor was not satisfied with the food and was not happy to listen to the court. The minister was worried and didn't know where to go. The servant did not realize that he was humble, but when he saw his master mourning in misery, he sincerely wanted to imitate his foolishness in spending money. I thought that Li Lingsu was very different from the scholar-bureaucrats, and that he could win people's death power, even though he was a famous general in ancient times. Although he is defeated, he observes his intention and wants to get what he deserves and retaliate to Han. There is nothing that can be done about it, and the result of its destruction is enough to cause violence in the world. The servant wanted to show it off, but there was no way out. When he was called to the meeting and asked, he used this finger to recommend the merits of the mausoleum. He wanted to use the Lord's intention to stop his remarks. The master of the Ming Dynasty did not fully understand the situation, so he thought that he was a servant of the second master, and he lobbied for Li Ling, so he acted accordingly. The loyalty of Quanquan cannot lead to self-improvement, because the accusation is false and the soldiers follow the opinions of the officials. The family is poor, the wealth and bribes are not enough to redeem oneself, the friendship is not enough to help, and the closeness between the left and right is not enough. My body is not made of wood or stone, I am alone with the legal officials, in the deep secluded prison, who can accuse me? This is what Shaoqing has seen with his own eyes. Isn't it true that the servant's behavior is evil? After Li Ling was born and died, his family was famous, and his servants were still in the silkworm room, making the world laugh. Sad husband! Sad husband!

Things are not easy as ordinary people say. The ancestors of the servants did not have the merit of dissecting the talismans and elixirs. The literature, history and astrology were close to those of divination and Zhu Zhu. If a servant is ordered to be punished, it will be like losing one hair of nine oxen, how is it any different from an ant? But the world does not compare with those who can die, especially those who are wise and guilty, and cannot avoid it, so they will die. Why? This is due to the self-establishment of Su. Human beings are destined to die. Death may be heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather, depending on how it is used. The Supreme Being is not humiliated first, the second is not humiliating the body, the second is not humiliating the reason and appearance, the second is not humiliating the rhetoric, the third is the body is humiliated, the next is the Yiyi is humiliated, the next is Guan Musuo is humiliated by Chu Chu, the next is the hair, hair, gold and iron are humiliated, and the third is humiliation. The skin is destroyed, limbs are broken, the body is humiliated, and the worst punishment is corruption. It is said that "the punishment cannot be as good as the official's", which means that the integrity of scholars cannot be ignored. The tiger is deep in the mountains, and all beasts are frightened. It wags its tail in the sill and begs for food, gradually accumulating power. Therefore, the scholar painted the ground to make it impenetrable, and whittled the wood for the officials to discuss what was wrong, so they decided to make plans for the future. Today I am hand and foot, receiving a wooden rope, exposing my skin, receiving a banner, and secluded in the circular wall. At this time, when I see the jailer, I will shoot my head to the ground, and when I see the slave, my heart will stop. Which one? It also accumulates power and power. Now that we have reached this point, those who keep their word will not be insulted. The so-called strong face and ears are very precious! Moreover, Xibo, Boye, was detained in the village; Li Si, Prime Minister, was given five punishments; Huaiyin, Wangye, was punished by Chen; Peng Yue and Zhang Ao were orphaned in Nanxiang, and were charged with prison tools; Jianghou executed Zhu Lu, and the power was given to the fifth uncle. , was imprisoned in the inviting room; Wei Qi, a general, was dressed in ocher and Guan Sanmu; Ji Bu was a slave of the Zhu family; Guan Fu was humiliated and lived in the room. These people are all princes, generals and prime ministers, heard in neighboring countries, and their crimes are so extreme that they cannot make money for themselves. In the dust, the past and the present are integrated, and they are not humiliated! From this point of view, courage and timidity refer to power; strength and weakness refer to shape. Check it out, it’s so weird! Moreover, one cannot escape from the rope of wealth, and even want to lead the way, even if it is already a little bit low and between the whips and chariots, it is not far away! This is probably why the ancients imposed heavy punishment on officials. Madams are always greedy for life and hate death, longing for their relatives and caring for their wives. If they are passionate about justice and reason, they have no choice but to do so. Unfortunately, this servant has lost two relatives, has no brothers, and is single and isolated. How can Shaoqing regard his servant as his wife? And there is no need for brave men to sacrifice their moral integrity, and there is no way for cowards to be reluctant in admiring righteousness! Although the servant is timid and wants to survive, he still knows how to leave and go home, so why should he suffer the humiliation of drowning himself in prison? Moreover, if the husband Zang had maids and concubines, he would still be able to provoke him to death, but what if the servant had no choice but to do so? Therefore, those who endure and survive, and write in the excrement without saying goodbye, have endless hatred for selfishness, despise the world, and do not express their literary talent in the future.

In ancient times, people were rich and famous but could not be remembered. Only people who were very suave could be called them. Gai Xibo was imprisoned and performed "The Book of Changes"; Zhongni was imprisoned and composed "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao"; Zuoqiu was blind and he wrote "Guoyu"; Sun Tzu Binjiao revised the "Art of War"; Bu Wei Qian Shu, "Lu Lan", a historical biography; Han Fei imprisoned in Qin, "Shuo Nan" and "Gu Ang". The three hundred chapters of "Poetry" were written by the great Di sages out of anger. These people are all depressed and unable to find their way, so they talk about the past and think about the future. For example, Zuo Qiu Ming had no eyes and his grandson had his foot broken, so he could no longer use it. He retreated from writing strategies to relieve his anger, and thought about empty writing to see for himself. The servants are not inferior, and they rely on their own incompetent words. They collect the world and let go of the old news, examine their actions, examine their successes and failures, and judge their successes and failures. They go up to Xuanyuan and down to here. It is composed of ten tables, twelve chapters, eight chapters, thirty aristocratic families, seventy biographies, and one hundred and thirty articles. It is also intended to study the relationship between heaven and man, understand the changes in ancient and modern times, and form a family story. Before the initial creation was completed, he was prepared for this disaster and regretted that it would not succeed, so he was sentenced to death without any regrets. Pucheng has written this book, hiding it in a famous mountain, and spreading it to people in all cities and towns, so that he can repay the responsibility of the previous humiliation. Even if he is killed thousands of times, how can he regret it? However, this can be a guide for wise people, but it is difficult for ordinary people to explain it.

It is not easy to live under the burden, and there are many slanderous opinions. If a servant encounters this misfortune with his spoken language, he laughs for the villagers and insults his ancestors, how can he return to his parents' tomb with a face? Even though I have been tired for hundreds of lifetimes, my ears are still full of dirt! Therefore, the intestines make nine rounds in one day, and when they are in, they suddenly feel like they are dying, and when they go out, they don't know where they are going. Every time I think about this shame, sweat breaks out on my back and my clothes are stained. I am a minister of the boudoir, I would rather lead myself to the cave of evil! Therefore, we should follow the secular world and look down at the times in order to understand its madness and confusion. Today, Shaoqing is teaching to promote talents and promote scholars, but it is wrong with the private criticism of servants. Now, although I want to carve it out, it is useless to explain it with eloquent words. If it is not believed by the common people, it will only insult the ears. If you want to die, then right and wrong will be determined. The book cannot fully express the meaning, so it is outdated and clumsy.

Goodbye