“Reciting without writing, believing in and loving the ancients, stealing from me, Lao Peng” is one of Confucius’s attitudes towards ancient culture. What does it mean? Confucius said: "I explain without creating. I believe in and love ancient culture. I compare myself to Lao Peng in private." Is this really the case?
Confucius said that he "stated but did not compose", which was just a self-effacing statement. Confucius did not really describe but did not compose. For example, using "benevolence" to interpret "ritual" is Confucius' creation. By saying this, he only showed his emphasis on traditional culture and historical experience, which is also his attitude towards learning.
Confucius devoted his life to the compilation of ancient books and came into contact with broad and profound ancient theories. He learned from the experiences and lessons left by his predecessors and made a comprehensive summary of their wisdom. Not only that, while learning from the sages, he also gained many new insights and put forward many profound and unique insights. In the process of disseminating and elaborating ancient classics, he perfectly integrated his new ideas into them. In fact, Confucius did not "state without writing", but "stated and then wrote", creating a Confucian theory with brand-new ideological connotation.
Many people think that Confucius maintained tradition in many aspects and was a conservative. This view is extremely unobjective. There is nothing wrong with attaching importance to cultural traditions and historical experience. Our ancient culture has a long history and extremely rich connotations. Whether it is political theory, social theory, or even philosophy of life, there is no shortage of profound insights. This is the spiritual wealth left by the sages to future generations, and it is an inexhaustible treasure house of wisdom. Historical development is a continuous process, and cultural traditions cannot be separated. Even when facing new problems, historical experience is needed; even innovation must be based on tradition. Talking about innovation without traditional culture and historical experience is tantamount to a tree without roots or water without a source.
By taking history as a mirror, we can know the ups and downs. Only by respecting one's own history and traditional culture can we carry on the past and open up the future. Confucius once said in the "Eight Yi" chapter: "The Zhou Dynasty was in the second generation, and it was full of literature! I followed Zhou." Zhou Li absorbed the strengths of Xia Li and Yin Li, and combined them with Xia Li and Yin Li. Based on evolution and development, it becomes more perfect. This is the experience learned from history. Confucius saw this and repeatedly emphasized the importance of tradition.
Concerning how to treat traditional culture, Confucius gave us two suggestions: First, we must cherish and be willing to learn. This is a matter of attitude towards learning. The key to learning lies in whether you are willing to be taught with an open mind. Secondly, you should have a heartfelt love for what you learn, which is what Confucius said: "Believe in the past and love the past." Only when a person truly likes the wisdom of his ancestors can he appreciate the subtlety of their learning. Moreover, the reason why the wisdom of the ancients can be handed down for a long time is enough to prove that this wisdom is the real essence.
To say so much, it can be summed up in four words: "Siming Reform".
We know that everything is in the movement of yin and yang, and various changes are constantly taking place, and changes are not necessarily good or bad. As for old things, some are the foundation of people's happy life and should be resolutely maintained. And many of the new things are destructive and dark things, which must be resisted resolutely. Resolutely defending all old things and resolutely opposing all old things are both extremely ignorant and barbaric thinking. Confucius also inherited the most profound doctrine of the mean, inherited the excellent ancient culture, and created an excellent new culture. The details are as follows:
Confucius collected and sorted out the works of sages of the past dynasties and compiled "Poems", "Books", "Li", "Yi" and "Music". He declared that he: describe without writing, believe in the ancient and love the past, and steal. Compared to me, Lao Peng. This is the conservative side of Confucius.
Confucius overthrew the previous hereditary system and proposed the civil service system of "those who excel in learning will become officials", which pioneered civilian education and enabled civilians to acquire knowledge and serve as national leaders. Entering a new era of civilization. Confucius compiled "Spring and Autumn" and spread it widely, breaking the old rule that history books could only be viewed by nobles, and ushered in a new era of supervision by people's public opinion.
What inspiration does it have for our teachers’ scholarship?
(1) Combination of learning, thinking and doing
Confucius taught his disciples to combine learning, thinking and doing in the learning process. Confucius believed that learning is a means of seeking knowledge. "Knowing it" is the dominant idea of ??Confucius' teaching, and after acquiring knowledge, you must think. In "The Analects of Confucius", Confucius used "Learning without thinking will lead to failure; thinking without learning will lead to peril" to discuss the relationship between learning and thinking, indicating that in order to learn effectively, learning and thinking must be combined. In addition, Confucius also emphasized the need to "apply what you learn", explaining that learning is a means of acquiring knowledge, and action is the purpose of truly mastering knowledge. Therefore, the correct learning and teaching process is to learn, think and act. For contemporary education, we need such a solid learning and teaching process. Students' learning is only the superficial acquisition of knowledge. They must also think further, connect related knowledge, and weave a knowledge network. Through appropriate assessment and review, they must truly master the knowledge and skills. For teachers, in order to cultivate students' comprehensive learning ability and hands-on operation ability, they must assign novel assignments to students instead of copying assignments that can be completed without thinking. At the same time, students must be encouraged to actively participate in activities and inspect students during activities. The degree of application of medical knowledge. Such learning methods and teaching methods can improve students' solid grasp of knowledge.
(2) Be tireless in learning and tireless in teaching
Confucius loved education throughout his life. He believed that teachers should first have the professional qualities of being tireless in learning and tireless in teaching. Being insatiable in learning means that teachers should master extensive knowledge, be erudite and knowledgeable, enrich themselves in the field they teach, keep learning, and love learning. Tireless teaching refers to the spirit of teachers who love education, have a high degree of enthusiasm and sense of responsibility for students, and devote themselves wholeheartedly to education without being tired. Confucius was fond of learning all his life. He started running schools when he was about 30 years old and continued to teach knowledge in his later years. He loved education and devoted himself to education throughout his life. His educational spirit is admirable. As a role model for teachers, Confucius’ requirements for teachers’ professional qualities have not changed to this day. Being tireless in learning and teaching has become the goal that contemporary teachers strive for.
(3) Teachers love and students respect each other, and teaching and learning
Confucius believed that teachers should love and care for their students, and students should also respect their teachers. It is necessary to maintain a harmonious teacher-student relationship in which teachers love and students respect their students. And in the teaching process, teachers not only teach students, but also learn from students. They are not ashamed to ask their subordinates, learn from each other, and learn from each other through teaching. Confucius was very concerned about the health of his disciples, and his disciples also respected him very much. When teaching, Confucius was often inspired by his disciples' thoughts and speeches. Confucius's view on teacher quality that teachers love and respect each other and that teaching complements each other has had a huge impact on the professional quality of contemporary teachers more than two thousand years later. With the development of society, it is increasingly advocated that teachers and students have an equal relationship, respect each other, and care for each other. In the teaching process, teachers of various subjects impart knowledge of corresponding subjects to students, and can also learn knowledge of other subjects from students. Make sure that teachers and students learn from each other. In life, teachers and students help each other, and teachers and students work together to create a good learning and living environment.
(4) The importance of learning.
Confucius said: "He who hears the Tao in the morning will die in the evening." If a person lives a life of confusion, confusion, and no connection with the truth, then his life will be in vain; if a person pursues the truth unremittingly, once he attains enlightenment, he will die without regrets! "I think, therefore I am" (Descartes' phrase). If a person stops learning to think and stops inquiring and pursuing the truth, he becomes a walking dead and loses the meaning of existence. Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a modern educator, also said, "Thousands of teachings teach people to seek the truth, and thousands of studies teach them to be a real person." The value of life lies in hearing the Tao and seeking the truth, and learning the Tao is better than life.
In ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, heroes have the same views. Confucius also said: "If you don't know destiny, you can't be a gentleman. If you don't know etiquette, you can't stand up. If you don't know words, you can't understand people." Here he emphasizes "knowledge", emphasizes understanding, and emphasizes the importance of learning. There are really too many things that a benevolent gentleman should learn. He must know how to settle down and live his life, know the etiquette and laws, know how people think about the world, understand the way of heaven, humanity, and the world, and correctly analyze and grasp the laws of nature, the general trend of the world, and the way of the world. Only in this way can he become a personality. A gentleman who is perfect, has great ambitions, knows his destiny and is happy with the world. He is a gentleman who takes care of himself when he is poor, and helps the world when he is successful. To be able to do this, we must pay attention to learning.
Confucius taught us earnestly: Learning is important. The reason why you are worse than others is not because you are born with a pig brain, but because your acquired education and hard work are not as good as others! ("Sex is similar, habits are far apart") You may retort: ??Modern scientific research proves that there are differences in the human brain! Confucius replied: Yes, human character and wisdom can be divided into three, six or nine levels! Those who know it from birth are superior, those who learn it after learning are inferior, those who only learn when encountering difficulties are first-class, and those who do not learn when encountering difficulties are inferior. Then he said: I am not a person who is born with knowledge. I love ancient culture and work hard to explore it ("I am not a person who is born with knowledge. I love the ancients and am keen to pursue it.").
Finally, Confucius enlightened us with his own experience of learning and cultivation: I made up my mind to study at the age of fifteen, established myself at the age of thirty, no longer confused at the age of forty, and recognized myself at the age of fifty. Destiny, at the age of sixty, one can naturally accept all kinds of criticism. At the age of seventy, he can do whatever he wants without violating the inspirational rules ("I am determined to learn when I am fifteen, stand up at thirty, do not be confused at forty, and do not be confused at fifty. But knowing the destiny, at sixty your ears will be attuned; at seventy, you will follow your heart's desires without exceeding the rules.")
Confucius was a person who could correctly understand himself. His evaluation of himself was generally very low-key, but he was very rewarding and full of confidence in his spirit and behavior of being studious and knowledgeable. He said: "In a city with ten houses, there must be someone as loyal as Qiu, but not as eager to learn as Qiu." When Ye Gong asked Zilu what kind of person Confucius was, Zilu did not answer because the question was difficult. Confucius said: "Why don't you tell me that he forgets to eat when he works hard, is always happy and forgets to be sad, doesn't know that he is getting old, and so on."
(5) Learning of urgency.
"Confucius said on the river: The dead are like a man who does not give up day and night." The river flows day and night, and life flows day and night. Maybe each of us has the same feeling, so Confucius's A sentence can arouse people's excitement and become a famous saying through the ages. It is this famous saying that is full of strong sense of life and contains the philosophy of life, which has inspired and motivated generations of people to cherish time, cherish life, and work hard.
"The lights are on at three o'clock and the chickens are on at five o'clock. It's the time for men to get angry. Black-haired people don't know how to study early, and white-headed people regret studying late." "Young men don't work hard, and old men are sad." These warning poems, It probably all comes from this famous saying of Confucius.
Life has limits, learning is boundless, career is unlimited, benevolent gentlemen must not slack off! Confucius set an example by cherishing time like gold, thirsting for knowledge, forgetting to sleep and eat, and never tired of it. He said: "Learning is as anxious as not being able to catch up with others. After learning, you are afraid of forgetting it" ("If you fail to learn, you are afraid of losing it."); Only if you immerse yourself in the Book of Changes can you make no big mistakes." ("Give me a few years, fifty years to learn the Book of Changes, and I won't make any big mistakes."); He said: "I have never eaten all day long, and I have not eaten all night long. Sleeping and thinking is useless, it is not as good as studying." He also said: "A gentleman has nothing to eat and nothing to live in. If he is quick in things and cautious in speaking, he will be Taoist and upright, and he can be said to be eager to learn."
The teacher teaches by words and deeds, and the disciples follow them earnestly. Zixia, a student of Confucius, said: "If you can understand something you didn't understand every day, and if you don't forget what you have learned every month, you can be said to be eager to learn." Heard." For thousands of years, there have been many good stories about people watching fireflies in snowy windows, hanging from beams to stab their buttocks, and studying hard. No matter what their learning purpose is, their attitude and spirit are truly admirable.