18. A letter to the children in my hometown

1. "Letter to the children in my hometown" is a letter in which the writer Ba Jin expresses his sincere love for the children in his hometown. Care and cordial encouragement express one's beautiful emotions of wanting life to blossom and provide inspiration for life.

2. The letter format includes five parts: title, body, conclusion, signature and date.

3. Ba Jin’s original name is Li Yaotang, also known as Li Fugan. He is a native of Chengdu, Sichuan. He is a famous writer since the May 4th Movement and was the chairman of the Chinese Writers Association. His works include the torrent trilogy "Home" and "Spring". ", "Autumn", the love trilogy "Wind", "Thunder", "Electricity"; "Cold Night", "Sprouting" and "Random Thoughts".

4. Famous writers like Ba Jin in the history of modern Chinese literature include: Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Zhu Ziqing, Wen Yiduo, Bing Xin, Lao She, and Ai Qing.

5. Text Exercise 2.

(1) "Finally" cannot be omitted, emphasizing that Grandpa Ba Jin persisted in replying to the children in his hometown even though it was very difficult to pick up a pen to write, which reflects Grandpa Ba Jin's understanding and care for the children in his hometown. .

(2) "Finally" emphasizes that Grandpa Ba Jin's understanding of the meaning of life was obtained after various efforts, "thinking" and "pursuing".

19. Qian Xuesen

1. The text "Qian Xuesen" vividly describes the famous Chinese scientist Qian Xuesen who never forgets his motherland in the United States and his contribution to the development of my country's launch vehicle after returning to China. and launches, praising his noble feelings of never forgetting the motherland.

2. The father of Chinese missiles - the father of Qian Xuesen's symphony - Haydn

The father of explosives - the father of Nobel movable type printing - Bi Sheng

The father of the airplane - the Lake brothers The father of the Chinese atomic bomb - Qian Sanqiang

Two Play Yuanxun - Deng Jiaxian's father of geometry - Euclid

3. Recite Qian Xuesen's words and the feelings expressed.

4. Question 4 after class.

(1) Expressed Qian Xuesen’s patriotic feelings. He kept in mind that his motherland was China, and he wanted to do more practical things for the people of his motherland

.

(2) Expresses Qian Xuesen’s attachment and love for the motherland.

5. In chronological order, the first natural paragraph of the text should be placed after the sixth natural paragraph. Placing it at the beginning of the article is a flashback method. It is written like this to attract attention. Reader interest, setting up suspense, and enhancing the effect of expression.

20. Zhan Tianyou

1. The text of "Zhan Tianyou" narrates that when Zhan Tianyou presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, he was not afraid of imperialists' threats and ridicule, and overcame obstacles in the project. The deeds of completing the construction task ahead of schedule despite all difficulties and dangers show that Zhan Tianyou

is an outstanding patriotic engineer.

2. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway runs from Beijing to Zhangjiakou, with a total length of 200 kilometers. It is an important transportation artery connecting North China and Northwest China.

3. The text describes the most important deeds in Zhan Tianyou’s life. The construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. During the process of building the railway, the author wrote about three things: surveying the line, digging the tunnel, and designing the "herringbone" line. , praising Zhan Tianyou’s outstanding talents and patriotism.

4. Juyongguan: Chisel in from both ends to the middle at the same time.

Badaling: shaft digging method.

Qinglong Bridge section: "herringbone" line.

5. "...some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it, and they all wanted to compete for the right to build this railway." "Strive" means to compete for something. In the sentence, it is said that all imperialist countries want to seize the right to build railways.

"The imperialists refused to give in to anyone, and the matter has been quarreling for a long time without being resolved." The "quarrel" in this sentence means that the argument is at a stalemate. In the sentence, it is said that all the imperialist countries want to control our north, and they are competing to use strong words to make things stalemate.

6. After-class exercises 4.

21. The Shoemaker's Son

1. The text "The Shoemaker's Son" uses vivid examples to describe Lincoln, who was elected twice as President of the United States. Although he was born into a poor family, his attitude toward Arrogant and self-reliant on the ridicule of the so-called "superior people" of the upper class, he defended his dignity and won everyone's trust and love with his own

wisdom and tolerance.

2. Lincoln: A great American democratic politician, recognized as the greatest president in American history. He was assassinated on April 15, 1865. Due to Lincoln's progressive role in American history , people praised him as "a model of national rulers in the new era."

3. The son of a shoemaker became the president of the country because of his superhuman wisdom, outstanding talent, tolerance and humility.

4. There are three "forevers" in the third natural paragraph of the text. The first "forever" reflects Lincoln's magnanimity; the second "forever" expresses Lincoln's belief that he is a shoemaker. He is proud of his son; the third "forever" expresses his respect, love and gratitude to his father.

5. The third question after class. The attitude of the senators toward Lincoln ranged from embarrassment to humiliation to laughter to silence to praise. Tolerance is a kind of power because Lincoln's humility, simplicity, neither humility nor arrogance, tolerance, and justice won everyone over. I was moved and applauded, so my attitude changed so much.

6. "A split house cannot stand. I don't want this house to collapse." "What I hope is that it will end the division and become a complete whole." The "divided house" in this sentence refers to the situation in which the North and South systems coexisted in the United States at that time. "Complete whole" refers to a unified country. This sentence expresses Lincoln's hope that the country will end its divisions and become a complete whole.

7. Famous quotes about "tolerance".

(1) People who cannot tolerate others are not worthy of being tolerated by others. ——Turgenev

(2) Those who love others will always be loved, and those who respect others will always be respected.——Mencius

(3) Sometimes the moral shock caused by tolerance The punishment of the land is more intense - Suhomlinsky

Exercise 6

"The Song of the Great Wind" was written by Liu Bang in the Western Han Dynasty and expressed his ambition to reunify the country.

22. Two ancient poems

1. "Reading on a Winter Night to Show Zi Yu" is a work by Lu You, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. It uses the thoughts of reading on a winter night to educate his youngest son Zi Yu. . This poem profoundly illustrates the relationship between knowing and doing. This poem tells people: One must have a tireless and perseverant spirit in learning. A person who has both book knowledge and practical experience is a real learner.

"Reflections on Reading" is a work by Zhu Xi, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the Song Dynasty. This poem uses metaphorical techniques to describe the experience of reading through the image of a clear and clean half-acre square pond. This poem tells us that just as a steady stream of living water makes a pond so clear, people need to keep reading and constantly absorbing new knowledge, so that their minds can become more open-minded and sharp.

2. Recite the entire poem and its poetic meaning.

3. Famous quotes about reading.

4. Idioms from ancient poems: The body is shattered and the bones are broken, the mountains are heavy and the water is restored, the mountains are heavy and the water is restored, the flowers are bright and the willows are dark, the spring is full of flowers, and the garden is full of eclectic styles

5. Qu: equivalent to "it", referring to Fangtang in the poem.

For: because.

Jue: extreme, most; Juezhi: deep and thorough understanding.

Bow: in person.

23. Learning and Questioning

1. "Learning and Questioning" is an article explaining things. The text focuses on the central argument of "Study diligently and ask questions well", through Ge Bai The examples of Ni and Shen Kuo tell us the importance of "asking", who to "ask", how to "ask", and educating students to develop the habit of diligent study and questioning from an early age.

2. Copernicus: Polish astronomer, founder of the "Heliocentric Theory" and his masterpiece "On the Movement of Celestial Bodies"

Shen Kuo: Scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty, author of the scientific masterpiece "Mengxi Bi Tan" . Westerners call him "the coordinate in the history of Chinese science."

3. Recite "The Peach Blossoms of Dalin Temple": "The peach blossoms in the world are gone in April, and the peach blossoms in the mountain temple are beginning to bloom." The "end" means completion, which means the peach blossoms wither, and the "beginning" means talent, just now. Meaning of the sentence: In the fourth month of the lunar calendar, when spring passes and summer comes, the white flowers at the foot of the mountain have withered, but the peach blossoms at Dalin Temple on the top of the mountain have just begun to bloom. The last two sentences of this poem are: I always regret that I can't find a place to return to spring, and I don't know where to turn.

4. Recite the two natural paragraphs 1 and 5.

5. Talk about how to truly become the master of learning.

6. Idioms, sayings, famous sayings and aphorisms about "learning and inquiry".

Idiom: Don’t be ashamed to ask, never tire of learning

As the saying goes: A gentleman must like to ask questions. When we walk among three people, I have a teacher.

Famous aphorism: Be quick and eager to learn, and don’t be ashamed to ask. Learn and learn, ask and expand. If you don’t learn, you won’t succeed; if you don’t ask, you won’t know.

24. The words of nature

1. "The words of nature" is a popular science essay, which vividly introduces the words of nature and the meaning of identifying these words. This will guide students to learn to understand nature from an early age, cultivate a love for nature and an interest in exploring the mysteries of nature. The article introduces the words of nature - stars, clouds, limestone, and granite - from two aspects: the sky above our heads and the land below our feet, and tells us the information we can get from them: identifying directions, observing weather, and understanding geological changes.

2. Author Ilin: a famous Soviet science popularization writer. His scientific works include "What Time", "Black and White", and "One Hundred Thousand

Whys".

3. Understand the meaning of "people who always sit at home will never understand the words of nature".

4. Understand the various words of nature.

25. Develop a good habit of reading newspapers

1. "Develop a good habit of reading newspapers" This is an explanatory article that introduces the method of reading newspapers, mainly talking about reading newspapers. The benefits and how to read newspapers, I hope people will develop a good habit of reading newspapers.

2. Points of note when reading newspapers: First, master the method of reading newspapers, first browse and then read intensively; second, be civilized and put them in a certain place; third, wash your hands after reading to avoid ink Contaminated.

3. Recite paragraphs 6 and 7.

Exercise 7

Recite famous quotes about reading and ancient and modern sages (reading chapters).