That is to say, while teaching students the basic knowledge and skills of modern advanced science, combined with the inherent moral education factors in knowledge and skills, students are educated politically, ideologically and morally.
That is, teachers are required to ensure the scientificity of teaching, carry out ideological and moral education in combination with the characteristics of teaching content, tap the ideological nature of education, awaken students' ideological and moral education through all links, integrate educational factors into all links of the teaching process, and teachers should constantly improve their self-cultivation.
For example, in a case analysis, the case shows that teachers not only teach students knowledge, but also educate them that unity is powerful. When getting along with classmates, we should unite classmates and learn to cooperate. In this case, it shows that the teacher has implemented the principle of combining science and education.
2. The principle of integrating theory with practice
The principle of integrating theory with practice means that teaching should be based on learning, understand knowledge from the connection between theory and practice, pay attention to using knowledge to analyze and solve problems, and achieve the purpose of applying what you have learned and applying what you have learned.
This requires that teachers should not only impart knowledge to students, but also make students contact with reality, or contact with real life to understand knowledge, or ask students to apply what they have learned to real life. If the teacher has such teaching performance in the case of multiple-choice questions or case analysis questions, it shows that the teacher can implement the principle of integrating theory with practice. For example, a multiple-choice question has such a situation. After explaining the changes of reform and opening up, the teacher invited the students to participate in the activity "My father and I compare childhood", which showed that the teacher not only gave the students knowledge, but also let them understand it from the relationship between practice and theory, thus embodying the teaching principle of integrating theory with practice.
3. The principle of intuition
According to the needs of teaching activities, let students directly perceive the learning object.
To implement this principle in the teaching process, we should follow certain requirements, such as choosing an intuitive learning object appropriately, which can make students accept and like it. For example, in geography class, teachers often use globes and maps to teach students to understand geography clearly.
Intuitive teaching can be divided into three categories: object intuition, model intuition and speech intuition. This is often examined in the form of multiple-choice questions in exams. So these concepts should be understood, and examples should be given to judge which kind of intuition they belong to.
Object visualization is an intuitive way to directly perceive actual objects, such as observing animal and plant specimens, and teachers take students to visit and contact the actual objects they have learned. Image intuition is a way to directly perceive the simulated image of physical objects. For example, teachers can choose related videos, pictures and models for teaching, so as to better match the teaching content of this class, such as the globe used by geography teachers in class. It should be noted that these two intuitive forms are easily confused. When doing the problem, you should grasp what the teacher's teaching content is. For example, if the geography teacher's chapter in this class is the knowledge of "globe", then the globe is a physical intuition at this time. If the teacher throws a piece of paper that simulates snowflakes when explaining the knowledge of snow to students, it belongs to analogy intuition. Verbal intuition refers to teachers teaching in descriptive language. For example, when a teacher talks about the knowledge of snowflakes, he can explain the shape, size and falling appearance of snowflakes clearly in the form of language, which is a kind of language intuition. Language sense is often examined in the form of multiple-choice questions, that is, language sense is the most commonly used intuitive method in teaching.
4. Inspiration principle
The enlightening principle refers to the teaching method that teachers use various teaching methods to fully mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, guide students to think independently, explore actively and study vividly, and consciously master scientific knowledge and the ability to analyze and solve problems. A common test form of heuristic principle is to combine famous sayings and epigrams. Common sayings can embody this truth, such as "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be unhappy", "The teaching of a gentleman can't be compared", "Be strong and restrained, be open and accessible", and the administrator once said: "A good teacher teaches people to discover the truth, and a bad teacher gives the truth to others". Another method of routine examination is to give a case to analyze whether the teacher has implemented this principle. Common cases are: in the actual teaching process, teachers do not directly present answers or principles and concepts to students, but let students remember them in an acceptable form through direct explanations, but design some activities for students to explore. In the whole teaching process, teachers constantly stimulate students' interest and encourage students to think by asking questions, which is the implementation of this principle. For example, when a teacher was teaching students the principle and characteristics of magnets, he hid the magnets in the mouth of a duckling toy and led the duckling to swim and chase in the basin with a piece of bread containing iron. At this time, the students were surprised and showed great interest. The teacher took the opportunity to ask, "Do you want to know why?" I want to ask the students to study and discuss in groups and find out the secret. In this case, the teacher is playing games, attracting students' interest, stimulating their desire for knowledge, and then thinking and learning vividly. Therefore, the enlightening teaching principle has been implemented.
5, the principle of step by step
It means that teaching activities should be carried out in accordance with the logical order of knowledge, the order of students' physical and mental development, the order of cognitive activities and the law of students' physiological rhythm. Teaching activities should be carried out continuously, coherently and systematically. The implementation of this principle requires teachers to teach from easy to difficult in the order of curriculum standards and in the order of students' understanding.
This principle is often combined with famous words, which is very common. Famous sayings include: Yingke is backward, don't study too fast, etc. And being disrespected is called grandson. There are not many forms of case study, and one of them appears frequently. For example, a teacher starts with visible, superficial and simple knowledge points, and then teaches abstract and incomprehensible theories.
6, the principle of merger
It means that in teaching, in order to make students firmly grasp and preserve what they have learned, various kinds of review should be adopted to achieve this goal.
The common question type of consolidating the principle is multiple-choice questions. When doing the topic about consolidation principle, just grab one word-"review". When we see in the description of multiple-choice questions that teachers can help students review and consolidate their knowledge in any way, such as reviewing the knowledge points in this section at the end of class or assigning homework for students to consolidate their knowledge, we should choose this principle. Another examination method is also a combination of old sayings. Such teaching principles are embodied in famous sayings such as "always learning", "learning is like sifting water, and if you don't review regularly, you will get nothing".
7. Ability principle
Also known as the principle of acceptability, it means that teaching activities should be suitable for students' development level. It can't be higher than the current student level, because it will cause students' learning difficulties and low teaching efficiency. At the same time, we should also prevent the teaching difficulty from being lower than the students' level, otherwise it will lead to the phenomenon that students' learning motivation is difficult to stimulate and teaching is ineffective. Therefore, to implement this principle, we should pay attention to children's age characteristics, understand the specific characteristics of students' development, and properly grasp the teaching difficulty.
The frequency of this principle is relatively low, and the form of examination is relatively routine, combined with the inversion of famous sayings or concepts. Related famous sayings: "If you know the language but don't understand it, you can give up" in Xueji.
8. The principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
It means that teachers should take care of students' individual differences in teaching activities. As a teacher, we should understand the characteristics of each student, and according to these characteristics, choose appropriate teaching methods for this student, so as to achieve the purpose of fostering strengths and avoiding weaknesses and promoting the development of students' personality. Therefore, to implement this principle, we must fully understand students, including their age characteristics, academic performance, personality characteristics, family background, life experience and so on. Secondly, we should respect students' differences and face every student. Every student has the right to receive an education that suits him.