Liu Zongyuan, a native of Hedong, also known as "Liu Hedong", was a famous writer and thinker in Tang Dynasty. He once participated in the political innovation activities of Wang Wei's new school. After the failure of political reform, he was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. He was depressed politically, but refused to give up his political views and follow the establishment. During this period, some of his works expressed feelings and personal anguish; Some of them reflected the sufferings and aspirations of the people at that time and condemned the cruel oppression and exploitation of the rulers. Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, Jiang Xue and Snake Catcher are his representative works during his relegation to Yongzhou.
Eight Notes of Yongzhou refer to Travel Notes of Xishan Banquet, Notes of Cobalt Pool, Notes of Xishan in Cobalt Pool, Notes of Xiaoxiaotang in Xiaoqiu, Notes of Yuan Jiake, Notes of Shiqu, Notes of Shi Jian and Notes of Koishiyama. The story of Xiaoshitang is the fourth of the eight stories in Yongzhou.
2. Pronunciation of classical Chinese words:
Rolling stones (quán), jagged (cēnīcī), lonely (Liío), swaying (zhuì ī), shifting (liī).
sad(qi m:o Chu dang)but(chù)but(yǐ)Qin(kān)
3. Read the text aloud:
4. Classical Chinese vocabulary summary:
Different meanings in ancient and modern times:
Go: (Ancient) Leave (Today) and go somewhere.
(ancient) motionless appearance (modern) dementia or meditation appearance.
Xiao Sheng: The Role of (Ancient) Young People in (Modern) Chinese Opera.
Polysemy:
Take: ① the whole stone as the base (preposition, use)
(2) spread the bottom of the stone (undertake, "and" is not translated)
(3) Because its territory (preposition, explain the reason) is too clear.
For: ① Take the whole stone as the bottom (verb, say "for")
② Gui, Yu, Qin and Yan. (verb, "become")
Qing: ① See below, water is especially clear (adjective, Qing).
(2) The boundary is too clear (adjective, cold and cheerless)
There are hundreds of fish in the pond.
② Unknown source (auxiliary verb, can)
Poor: ① Uneven (adjective, different length)
(2) The shore potentials are different from each other (verb, staggered)
5. Translation:
I walked west from the small mound 120 steps. Through the bamboo forest, I heard the sound of water, like the pleasant sound when Yu Pei collided with Yuhuan, and my mood was pleasant. (So) cut down the bamboo, cut out a path and walked over, and saw a small pool below, which was very cool. Using the whole stone as the bottom of the pool, close to the shore, some stones rolled out of the water and became highlands, islands, uneven rocks and rocks in water with different shapes. Lush trees and green stems and vines, covered and twisted, swaying and drooping, uneven, fluttering in the wind.
There are about a hundred fish in the pond. They all seem to swim in the air without any support. The sun shines directly on the bottom of the water, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the rocks at the bottom of the water. (fish) dull, motionless, suddenly swam away, coming and going, light and agile, as if happy with tourists.
Looking to the southwest of Tan Xiao, it twists and turns like the Big Dipper, winding like a snake, sometimes visible, sometimes invisible. The shape of the stream bank is as uneven as a dog's tooth, and I don't know where the source of the stream is.
Sitting on the edge of a stone pool, surrounded by bamboo forests, there is no one else in silence. This kind of atmosphere makes people feel sad, cold and deep, filled with sadness. Because the environment here is too bleak to stay long and leave with an inscription.
Wu Wuling, Gong Gu and my brother Zong Xuan went sightseeing together. Along with them are two young people named Cui: one is forgive yourself, and the other is Feng Yi.
6. Overall feeling:
The full text can be divided into three parts.
The first part (1 paragraph) describes the orientation and general situation of Xiaoshitang. Can be divided into two layers.
On the first floor (from the beginning to "the water is quiet and clear"), write the location of the small stone pond and find it by sound.
"One hundred and twenty paces from Shanxi" indicates the location of Xiaoshitang. "Hill", that is, the hill mentioned in the previous travel note "West Hill of Cobalt Pool", is the reference for the orientation of Xiaoshitang. "Through bamboo, I can smell the sound of water, like singing a ring. I am very happy." The pleasant sound of running water aroused the author's curiosity, and of course we should go and see what happened. "Cut bamboo to take the road, see the small pond below" is the process of finding a small stone pond. "Cutting down bamboo to take the road" echoes the above "separating bamboo" at a distance, paving the way for the following "surrounded by bamboo forests, lonely and unmanned". It is very natural to follow the sound and write directly about the water in the pool. The word "you" is compared with the cobalt pool in the last article.
On the second floor ("all-stone bottom" to the end of this paragraph), write an overview of Xiaoshitang. "All-stone as the bottom" deliberately highlights the word "stone", which means a word "small" and "near the shore, the bottom of the rock rolls out" to form caves, islands, cliffs and rocks. Nature is really strange and makes people feel wonderful. Looking up around the pool, the sight of "green trees and vines swaying" and "staggered in the breeze" not only makes people feel the magic of Xiaoshitang, but also deeply feels its beauty.
The second part (the second and third paragraphs) describes the fish swimming in the small stone pond and the water source of the pond. It is also divided into two layers.
The first layer (the second paragraph) describes the taste of fish swimming in the pond. "There are hundreds of fish in the pool, and there is nothing to rely on for swimming in the air." The number of fish swimming in the pool is clear at a glance, which not only shows the "clear bottle" of water, but also implies the small pool. "No country can swim" also describes the dynamics of fish properly. "The sun is clear, the shadow is on the stone, but it doesn't move." Write static, while "you are far away and communication is sudden" writes dynamic. From this dynamic and static description, the author deliberately describes the fish's "joy" and "seems to enjoy tourists". The quiet and deep environment reveals such a rich business that people can't help but be moved. In just a few dozen words, I wrote out the state, feelings and feelings of things.
On the second floor (the third paragraph), write the water source of the swimming pool. "southwest of wangchi" is about the direction of water source. From a distance, this layer is written from near to far. "Fighting in a Snake", Beidou crosses, quiet, snake meanders and moves. "It's obvious when you go" is about the scenery that appears and disappears when you look at the stream from a distance. "Its shore potential is different", and the "shore potential" of the stream is written in a few words. However, the source of the lost stream is unknown, which makes people feel another layer of mystery. Although the sentence is short, it is meaningful.
The above two pictures, one is a close-up view of the swimming pool and the other is a long-term view of the swimming pool, both of which are extremely real.
The third part (the fourth paragraph) describes the atmosphere of Xiaoshitang and the author's feelings.
"Surrounded by bamboo forests, there is no one" takes care of the "bamboo" at the beginning, and further describes the quiet environment. The eight words "sad cold, sad seclusion" are the finishing touch of the full text, which not only summarizes the characteristics of the quiet environment of Xiaoshitang, but also deeply permeates the author's sad feelings and reflects the depressed mood at that time. "It's too clear to live for a long time" wrote the reason why he left Xiaoshitang. This sentence is "to compare"; It's not that the author ran out of fun, but that he really moved the scene and was so sad that he had to leave here quickly. In this sense, we can see the deep pain that the author can't get rid of by borrowing mountains and water.
7. Question query:
(1) Which sentences are written in stone? Please provide a justification for the answer.
All the scenery depicted in this article is saturated with the breath of "stone". "The whole stone is the bottom" and "The bottom of the stone rolls out" indicate that "Tan" is indeed a "stone pool". "Like a ring" describes a loud voice, which shows that "Shitan" is extraordinary. "The green trees are covered with vines, which are intertwined." It describes the beautiful form of vines attached to stones. Shadow on the Stone shows the clarity and transparency of water through the shadow of fish printed on the stone. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is not only the coldness of the stone, but also implicitly expresses the author's sad mood.
(2) Which sentences in the text say "water"? Please provide a justification for the answer.
"There are hundreds of fish in the pool, all in vain. The words' sunny, the shadow is on the stone, but it doesn't move, you are in the distance, and you seem to enjoy yourself with tourists' show the clarity and transparency of the pool water from the side. " Looking southwest of the pool, you can see snakes. "The shape of the stream is written in figurative terms.
(3) "Dynamic" and "Static" in the text.
① The fish's "stillness" and "passing away" show its liveliness. ② Streams. As far as the stream itself is concerned, the author describes it as tortuous as the Big Dipper, which is still. As far as the stream is concerned, the author describes it as winding and crawling like a snake, and it is flowing. These two metaphors are used to describe streams.
(4) Contrast and contrast in this paper.
(1) In order to highlight the liveliness of fish, the two modes of "standing still" and "drifting away, suddenly moving forward and backward" were compared, and the liveliness of fish was particularly obvious. (2) By contrast, the author wrote that the fish in the pond can be counted, which makes people feel "empty" and "empty", especially the clear water has a real feeling.
(5) "Scenery" and "Emotion" in the text.
The author combines his own mood with the environment of Xiaoshitang, embodies his feelings in the scenery and blends the scene into one. This paper combines the author's own experience with the description of the scenery, permeating the author's own feelings and sentiments. Although the small stone pond far away from the world is full of vitality-"smelling the sound of water is like ringing", it is not appreciated, surrounded by bamboo, and seclusion is no different from its own experience, which hurts the scenery. The author left Chang 'an, the capital of China, and went to a remote southern county, where he was frustrated politically and unaccustomed to life. So, he sent his feelings to the mountains and rivers to get rid of his depression. At the moment, the too cold environment is more likely to arouse his feelings of "sadness and cold, quiet and bleak". The quiet beauty of Xiaoshitang scenery is in sharp contrast with the sad beauty of the author's mood, which strongly reflects the author's repressed mood and implicitly reveals the author's dissatisfaction with the cold reality.
(6) The "lens" and "picture" in the text.
In the first paragraph, the author uses the writing method of "dynamic deformation" to guide us to see different scenery in the dynamic deformation, which is very similar to a landscape film and has a strong sense of dynamic picture. The second paragraph describes swimming in the swimming pool, using the writing method of "fixed-point close-up" The author vividly described the beautiful scenery of fish swimming in the pond in only forty words.
8. Summary:
This paper vividly describes the beauty and silence of the environmental scenery in Xiaoshitang, and expresses the loneliness and sadness of the author after being demoted. The concise and vivid language, exquisite and lifelike scenery and poetic scenes show the author's superb writing skills.
Simulated test questions (answer time: 40 minutes)
I. Accumulation and application:
1. The following are all true:
First, brush (cēn) the bamboo (Hu) for (dǐ) unevenness.
B. Don't move (yǐ) Don't die (c) Roll out at the bottom of the stone (ju m: n)
C, come and go (xι) quietly (chuàng) green trees and lush vines (màn)
D, canine teeth are different (cρ), lonely and unmanned (Li Ao), and fighting (dǒu).
2. No typos:
First, look at Tan Xiao, the water is still clear.
B, the sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, but it doesn't move.
C, smell the sound of water, such as the name of Pei Huan.
D, for Yu, for Yu, for Pei, for rock.
3. Explain the following words:
(1) Go west from the mountain 120 steps ()
(2) If you sing, you will be happy ()
(3) Mongolian winding () ()
(4) Stand still ()
(5) When you are far away, communication is sudden () ()
(6) When you bend a snake, you can see it flashing () ().
(7) Their shore potentials are different from each other and their sources are unknown () ()
(8) There are bamboo forests all around, and no one () ()
(9) Sorrow and cold are bone-chilling () ()
(10) Quiet, quiet () ()
4. The usage and explanation of the following braille are completely correct:
A, nearshore, rolling stone bottom with adjectives as verbs, near.
B, the intentional use of a tree ring surrounded by bamboo, using ... as a ring.
C, cut bamboo to take the road, see Tan Xiao noun as adverbial, down.
D, if you swim in the air, you can use nouns as verbs to swim in the air.
5. The following polysemous words are incorrectly explained:
One, from the mountain to the west, round trip 120 steps.
The second mistress, Cui Shi, followed the people behind.
B, there can be about one hundred fish in the pond.
You won't live long.
C, look at the small pool, the water is clear and quiet.
Too clear and too cold for its territory.
D, because its territory is too clear
Roll out the bottom of the stone.
6. Choose the one with correct translation:
(1) Surrounded by bamboo forests, it is lonely and empty. ( )
A. (The pool) is surrounded by bamboo forests, and there is no one else in the empty space.
B, (pool) is surrounded by bamboo forests, quiet, no one else.
C, (pool) is surrounded by bamboo forests, quiet, no one else.
There are bamboo forests all around, and no one else feels lonely.
(2) Cui Shi second niche, slave and entourage. ( )
I brought two young people named Cui.
B, with them, there are two young people named Cui.
And two kids named Cui.
D. I brought two children named Cui.
7. Translate the following classical Chinese sentences:
(1) Cutting bamboo to take the road. Look at the small pool and water in Youqingli.
(2) There are hundreds of fish in the pond. They are all swimming in the air.
(3) You are far away and seem to have a good time with the tourists.
Because its territory is too clear, you can't stay long, but remember it.
(5) Loneliness, loneliness, loneliness.
8. Fill in the blanks with literary knowledge:
The Story of Little Stone Pond is selected from the author, a famous Korean writer. When he was a Sima in Yongzhou, he wrote many continuous travel notes about mountains and rivers, among which eight articles, such as The Story of Xiaoshitang, were collectively called. Please feel free to write two more of his works:.
9. Recite from memory:
(1) exactly the same as the original:
A, their shore potentials are different from each other, and their sources are unknown.
B, near the shore, the whole stone is the bottom, which is mountains, islands, moraines and rocks.
C, sitting by the pool, surrounded by bamboo forests, lonely.
D, green trees and vines, covered and twisted, staggered.
(2) one is not exactly the same as the original:
A, the official followers, two young students in Cui Shi: Forgive yourself and serve me.
B, there are hundreds of fish in the pond. They are all swimming in the air.
C, I'm far away, suddenly going back and forth, as if I were entertaining myself with tourists.
D, across the bamboo forest, smelling the sound of water, such as singing, the heart is happy.
(3) The sentence pointing out the direction of Xiaoshitang is.
(4) The process of "I" discovering and finding Xiaoshitang is,,,.
(5) In the third paragraph, the stream twists and turns.
(6) The sentence that not only summarizes the quiet environment of Xiaoshitang, but also permeates the author's sad feelings and depressed mood is.
Second, comprehensive learning:
1. Famous poems are widely used in the literary masterpiece A Dream of Red Mansions. Once it was mastered by Cao Xueqin, a literary master, it immediately acquired a mysterious and profound dramatic color. Look at the second time, Jia Yucun, who has just been filled in Tianfu, can't help but know nothing about the way to be an official when a new official takes office. In the case of Xue Pan killing Feng Yuan, he will give the order to arrest the murderer. Although the door is a small official, but I know its fierce, I quickly took out a "protector" and said, "It's all the proverbs and word of mouth of the local famous family" and said:
Jia is real, the golden horse in the hall.
Epang Palace, 300 Li, can't live in Jinling Yishi.
The East China Sea is short of white jade beds, and the Dragon King came to invite King Jinling.
In good years and heavy snow, pearls are as gold as iron.
This symbol of official protection implies the surnames of the four powerful families in A Dream of Red Mansions. Do you know which four families are referred to?
2. In A Dream of Red Mansions, when Jia Baoyu was in wonderland, Cao Xueqin borrowed Baoyu's hand to open the famous poems and paintings of Jinling young women symbolizing her life course in the original volume, supplementary volume and supplementary volume. Do you know which three women's fates are written in the following two judgments?
It's a pity to stop working, but it's a pity to praise talents.
The jade belt hangs in the forest and is buried in the snow.
The moon is hard to meet, and the colorful clouds are easy to disperse.
The heart is higher than the sky, based on this.
Romance and dexterity are offensive. A long life is full of slander, but an affectionate son is empty.
The homophony of the following couplets contains the names of four ancient people. Do you see who they are?
The two boats are parallel, and rowing is not as fast as sailing.
Playing eight notes together, the flute is more difficult to clear than the flute.
4. sad! Autumn is gas.
How miserable! I hope I can cherish it.
Do you know the creative intention of this couplet?
Third, read:
Wenduanyi
There are hundreds of fish in the pond. They are all swimming in the air. The sun is shining, the shadow is on the stone, motionless; When you are far away, communication is sudden, like enjoying tourists.
1, summarizing the main contents of this paragraph.
2. What does the sentence 1 say about Shitan?
3. From what angles does this paragraph describe the dynamics of swimming fish? What's the role?
Wenduaner
Sitting by the pool, surrounded by bamboo forests, is lonely, sad and quiet, because its territory is too clear to stay long, but it is still fresh in my memory.
1. In this passage, which statements are in line with the previous statement that "bamboo is separated by water, and the sound of water is like singing"? Briefly explain why.
2. Explain the underlined sentences and analyze their functions.
3. What statements explain the reasons for leaving Xiaoshitang, and how do these statements express the author's mood?
Wenduansan
Xijiang month
The moon on the horizon rose to the top of the tree, scaring away the magpies perched on the branches.
The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance.
In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.
In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to Xitou.
1, about this word is correct:
First, the author of this word is Xin Qiji in the Tang Dynasty.
B, "Xijiang Moon" is the title of the word.
C "Jing" and "Ming" are not written by magpie, Jing and cicada, but by magpie, cicada, Jing and Ming.
D, "see" read "jiàn", the meaning of seeing.
There are dark clouds in the word "",which has the advantage of increasing the aesthetic feeling of the picture.
3. From the whole word, it is a vibrant pastoral scenery, which is refreshing and arouses the author's happy mood.
Test answer
One,
1.C
2.B
(1) Going west (2) I like its way (3) Covering, twisting, shaking and linking (4) Freezing (5) It suddenly becomes light and agile (6) It is like a snake like the Big Dipper (7) It interweaves with the source (8) Surrounding the silence (9) It makes ... desolate and desolate.
4.A
5.D
6.( 1)C (2)B
7.( 1) Cut down the bamboo, cut out a path, and see a small pool below, which is particularly clear.
(2) There are about a hundred fish in the pond. They all seem to swim in the air without any support.
(3) Suddenly, he swam away, coming and going, brisk and agile, as if to amuse tourists.
(4) Because the environment was too cold to stay long, I wrote this scene down and left.
(5) Quiet, no one else, (this atmosphere) makes people sad, and the cold is really quiet and deep.
8. Liu Zongyuan's Literature of the Tang Dynasty, Eight Chapters of Yongzhou, Jiang Xue and Snake Catcher Theory.
9.( 1)A (2)C (3) One hundred and twenty steps away from the Western Hills (4) Smelling the sound of bamboo, cutting bamboo to take the road (5) Fighting snakes can be seen (6) Sad and cold, quiet and secluded.
Second,
1. "Jia" refers to the queen of; "Shangshu", Hou Shangshu was a public servant after bowling; "Wang", after all, the county kings are controlled by Qiu; "Snow" is Xue, followed by Scheler. These four poems imply the names of the four families "Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue" in A Dream of Red Mansions.
2. The word "jade belt forest" in the first song is reversed, that is, "forest belt jade" refers to Lin Daiyu; "Jin Chai" means Baochai, and Xue and Xue are homophonic, meaning Xue Baochai. The second song is about Qingwen, "Yue Ji", which means that after the rain, the word is implicit. "Cai Yun" is Vivian.
3. Lu Su, Fan Kuai, Di Qing, Xiao He
4. Pay tribute to the martyrs of Qiu Jin.
Third,
Wenduanyi
1, write the smell of fish swimming in the pond.
2. Write the characteristics of Tan Xiao and Qingyi.
3. "The sunshine is clear, the shadow is on the stone, but it doesn't move" is static, "You are in the distance, and you suddenly come and go" is dynamic, and the happy scene of fish is written from this dynamic and static description.
Wenduaner
1, "Around the Bamboo Grove" and "Bamboo" in front take care of each other, and "Lonely Nobody" is pure, thus achieving "bamboo solitude" and "listening to water sounds like singing".
2. (This kind of atmosphere) makes people sad, and it's really quiet and deep. These eight words not only summarize the characteristics of the quiet environment in Xiaoshitang, but also deeply soak the author's sad feelings and reflect his depressed mood at that time.
The words "It's too clear to live long" express the author's mood and sadness, so he has to leave here quickly. We can see the deep pain that the author can't get rid of by borrowing mountains and rivers.
Wenduansan
1、C
2. Seven or eight stars outside the sky
3. The harvest scene
Ha ha, a little too much. You just need to choose the comments you think are useful. I think it's quite complete. Ha ha.