3. In 61 BC of Zhao Chongguo, Jincheng County, which had just been established 20 years ago, suffered an unprecedented crisis: Zhu Qiang "" betrayed, invaded the fortress, attacked the city, and killed the chief officials." The imperial court was helpless. Crisis At this time, a veteran who was over seventy years old volunteered and was willing to go to the front line. He was the famous Western Han Dynasty general Zhao Chongguo. 1. He led a suicide squad to attack and suffered more than 20 wounds. He was born in 1 BC. In 37 years, he died in 52 BC at the age of 86. He was a native of Shanggui, Longxi (southwest of today's Tianshui City, Gansu), and later moved to Jincheng Lingju (right bank of the Qilang River northwest of today's Yongdeng County, Lanzhou City) He "began to be a knight, and he was a member of a good family in six counties who was good at riding and shooting." Shen Yong was a man of great strategy, but he was not a good general. Instead, he studied the art of war and informed the barbarians of events. "The overall evaluation of him at the beginning of "The Biography of Zhao Chongguo" in the "Book of Han". This evaluation is not generally high. Next, Ban Gu used thousands of words to describe the deeds of Zhao Chongguo. There are few such long chapters in the entire "Book of Han" From this, we can see the social influence of Zhao Chongguo at that time. So, when did Zhao Chongguo move to Lingju? Lingjusai was the eastern starting point of the Hexi Han Great Wall, which was established in 121 BC. In the year of 1988, Hande Hexi District first established Lingju. About six years later, immigrants strengthened the defenses along the Great Wall. Some people have verified that it was at this time that Zhao Chong moved to Lingju to defend his hometown. He became a knight. At this time, Zhao Chongguo was twenty-three years old. Later, he served as a cavalry archer and entered the Wei capital. Zhao Chongguo had a good family background, and his father and grandfather were all from good families in the six counties in the north. Reputable people. At that time, children from these families were selected to serve as Emperor Yulin's guards. This is how Li Guang started his military career. Zhao Chongguo participated in many battles, sometimes involving the life and death of an army. As a fake Sima, he followed General Li Guangli of the Second Division to attack the Huns in Tianshan. Unexpectedly, on his way back after victory, he was surrounded by the main force of the Huns. After being surrounded for several days, he ran out of food and suffered many casualties. Life and death were at stake. At this time, Zhao Chongguo led the death squads to open the passage for the entire army. They took the lead, and Li Guang led his troops to follow. In this battle, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw more than 20 wounds. He regarded it as a creation, sighed, and became Zhonglang. After that, Zhao Chongguo's influence in the court increased day by day. He participated in many attacks against the Xiongnu, Di people, and Qiang people, and his reputation with the general Huo Guang increased day by day. Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty was appointed and enfeoffed as Pinghou. 2. The Xiongnu and Qiang people jointly acted. Unfortunately, the news was ignored. However, Zhao Chongguo's greatest achievement in his life was in dealing with the Qiang people. During the Western Han Dynasty, the northwest faced the war between the Xiongnu and Qiang people. In response to the invasion of the two nomadic tribes, the Hexi Corridor was used to isolate the Huns and Qiang people. In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu entered Wuyuan (now Hetao) and the Western Qiang also launched an attack to surround Baohan. (now Linxia County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province), they agreed to attack Lingju. "Zizhi Tongjian" said: "One hundred thousand people from the Western Qiang rebelled and cooperated with the Xiongnu to attack Angu and besiege Han." Hu Sansheng Notes : Angu and Han counties both belong to Longxi County. Song Bai said: Angu's old city was in the south of Lanzhou; Han was the seat of the Qiang people in present-day Hezhou. At that time, among the Qiang people who planned to surrender, there was a Han Qiang group, which should be the Qiang people living in the Linxia area. Later, their scope of activities gradually moved westward. During this time, the Han army's counterinsurgency battle began. It took five or six years for the Han Dynasty to gradually occupy the north bank of the Huangshui River and isolate the Qiang people on the south bank of the Huangshui River. However, things were not that simple during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. In order to fight for control of the Western Region, the Huns first launched a rebellion among the Qiang people in the southwest of Yangguan and cut off the Silk Road, but failed. He also incited the Qiang people to cause rebellion in Qinghai Lake and Huangshui. The Qiang people here responded to the Huns' actions. They attempted to move north, cut off the traffic in the Hexi Corridor, and unite with the Huns. In the third year of Yuankang (63 BC), Xianling broke up with more than 200 Qiang tycoons and began to move northward, encroaching on the buffer zone between Han and Qiang. Zhao Chongguo saw the problem at a glance. This was not only a joint action by multiple tribes of Qiang people, but also a coalition of Xiongnu and Qiang people. Zhao Chongguo proposed prevention suggestions to the court, but the court did not adopt them. 3. A hundred hearings is worse than a sighting, an idiom left by the generals. Facts have proved that this was a joint operation of the Huns and Qiang people. In the first year of Shenjue (61 BC), the Huns dispatched more than 100,000 horses to prepare for raids on the border counties. The Han Dynasty sent Zhao Chongguo to command 40,000 cavalry and stationed them in the nine counties of Yuanbian to guard against the Huns. After hearing the news, the Xiongnu Chanyu retreated. It can be seen that Zhao Chongguo was already a famous general at this time. The imperial court also dispatched Yiqu Anguo as an envoy to protect the Qiang and deal with the Qiang issue. Yiqu Anguo ignored the Qiang people's purpose of moving north, and instead agreed to the Qiang people's request to cross the Huangshui River and move north. Zhao Chongguo raised objections and suggested that two million dendrobium should be accumulated in Jincheng to deal with the Qiang rebellion, but this suggestion was ignored by the court. The Qiang people began to rebel, and the Qiang "" betrayed, invaded fortresses, attacked cities, and killed officials." In the spring of the first year of Shenjue (61 BC), three thousand cavalry from Yiqu Anguo attacked Haoqian (today's Lanzhou Honggu Xiangtang Gorge area) were defeated by the Qiang people and lost a lot of weapons and equipment.

Statue of Zhao Chongguo After Zhao Chongguo returned to the capital, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty sent Bingji, the imperial censor, to ask him who could be his general. Zhao Chongguo recommended himself and said confidently: "No one is better than the veteran minister in dealing with the Qiang people." When he met with Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, he did not give all the instructions on how to solve the emperor's problem. Instead, he answered like this: Chongguo Said: "" A hundred hearings are not as good as a first sight. It is difficult to overcome the enemy's war. I would like to rush to Jincheng. The map is as follows. "This is the origin of the idiom that a hundred times of hearing is better than a first sight. It can be seen that Zhao Chongguo did not lie and was a practical man of action. In April 61 BC, Zhao Chongguo arrived in Jincheng County, but he did not act blindly, but did it in detail The investigation was carried out. This is what is meant by knowing yourself and the enemy and winning every battle. Zhao Chongguo set a goal for his actions: "The whole division will win the battle against Anbian." It can be seen that this is a very safe strategy, first to make yourself invincible. This was also the standard goal of dealing with border issues in later dynasties. Zhao Chongguo's goal was to recruit and divide some Qiang people, and then focus on attacking the stubborn ones. He proposed to protect the Han Qiang and other Qiang people and attack the Qiang people who rebelled. Of course, the most urgent problem is how to cross the Yellow River. 4. Qingshijin, Zhao Chongguo Crossing the Yellow River at night starts from Xigu, walks along the Yellow River, and crosses the Hekou South Station. Not long after walking, it is the south bank of the Yellow River leading to the Baban Gorge. Highway. Along the road, you will see an ancient ferry site. This is the site of Qingshijin, the ancient ferry of the Yellow River. There is a camel-shaped stone tablet on the roadside, with the inscription " "Qingshijin Site of the Han Dynasty". Standing on the road on the bank, there is a large piece of white and green stone under your feet. These large pieces of blue stone on the edge of the Yellow River silently prove that this is the ancient ferry of the Yellow River - Qingshijin. Qingshijin seems to be named after the blue stones here. Along a steep and narrow path on the shore, people can walk to the big blue stones, which look desolate but not cold under the sunlight. There is warmth in the hardness, just like the history of this place. The stone holes used to insert wooden stakes are still intact, and ignorant children are playing by the Yellow River. Everything seems to be the same as it was more than 2,000 years ago. Bapan Mountain is now called Zhangjiatai; the south bank is Qingshi Mountain, so this gorge is also called Qingshi Gorge, and the ferry is called Qingshijin. It is said that Qingshi Ferry was opened after the Battle of Hexi by Huo Qubing, and it is part of the large-scale Jincheng Ferry. It is the general name for the many ferries on the Yellow River in Xigu District today. It, along with Ruicheng Fenglingdu, Junzidu in Hetao and Jingyuan's Yinkou, are known as the four ancient ferries on the Yellow River. The Jincheng Ancient Ferry is not only the Qingshijin ferry. It covers all the ferries from the Baban Gorge to the Zhongjiahe River, forming a large-scale ferry group. The history of clouds and fog makes it difficult to distinguish the specific names. We can only generally describe the ancient Yellow River ferries in this area. It is called Jinchengdu. In ancient times, transportation was backward, and tens of thousands of troops gathered here to cross the Yellow River. Only in this way can they speed up their march. This is also the main reason why the Muniu group appeared here in the Han Dynasty. It is a battleground for military strategists. "Lanzhou Prefecture Chronicles" records: In the first year of the Western Han Dynasty (61 BC), Zhao Chongguo led more than 10,000 cavalry to cross the Yellow River and attack the Qiang people. "Three Kingdoms Chronicles" records: General Jiang Wei attacked Wei State and besieged Didao (now Lintao, Gansu Province). Wei State sent troops from Hexi to relieve the siege. Many civil servants and generals also crossed the Yellow River here. However, it can be remembered. There are not many. The long river of history is like the Yellow River, with waves pushing back. People know that Zhao Chongguo walked along this road, and most of the others have been lost to time. Historical records record that Zhao Chongguo adopted the method of crossing the Yellow River at night. When crossing the Yellow River, Zhao Chongguo took extraordinary measures. Attacking halfway across the river is the best way to deal with the enemy crossing the river, and the Qiang people also know this trick. In order to prevent the Qiang from attacking halfway across the river, Zhao Chongguo first divided a small group of elites into crossing the river in advance. One night, he sent three schools of cavalry to cross the river under the cover of darkness, and then set up camp by the ferry to protect the landing site. At dawn the next day, the army officially crossed the river. 5. Submitting letters one after another to prevent the imperial court from acting recklessly. The Qiang people had no choice but to send a small number of cavalry to challenge the harassment, trying to wear down the Han army through harassment. As a battle-hardened veteran, Zhao Chongguo ignored him at all. Let the Qiang cavalry show off their power outside. Zhao Chongguo said: "My soldiers and horses are tired and cannot be chased." It is difficult to control these brave cavalry, and there is a fear that they may be used to lure soldiers. Killing captives only lasts for a period of time, and small profits are not enough to be greedy. "Order the army not to attack. In this way, advancing steadily, Zhao Chongguo's troops occupied Siwang Gorge (Laoya Gorge, Ledu), Luodu (Ledu) and other places. They advanced the front to the Huangshui River Basin and set up a base camp in Ledu. Bronze Lamp of the Han Dynasty However, the court's strategy for dealing with the Qiang people changed. Some people advocated a heavy attack, represented by Xin Wuxian. And this strategy turned out to be the common sense of the imperial court. Emperor Xuan issued an edict to seek Zhao Chongguo's opinion. Zhao Chongguo firmly opposed it and attacked the enemy indiscriminately. This was a sign of immaturity in strategy; In the battle, the Han army arrayed themselves in plains and fought against the Qiang people in the mountains. This battle was inevitable, but Zhao Chongguo's memorial was rejected by the imperial court. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty directly issued an order saying that Zhao Chongguo was afraid of war and sent a relative to serve as a military supervisor. He seemed to have lost the trust of the court.

But Zhao Chongguo did not put personal honor or disgrace first, but the country and the lives of his soldiers. Because, if this attack fails, the war will last for more than ten years. The country is recuperating and cannot afford such a large economic expenditure. Passing the message to the chariot, Zhao Chongguo once again wrote to the court. He said: "The minister's position is supreme, the title is the lord, the teeth of dogs and horses are seventy-six, it is the Ming Dynasty, the ravines are filled, the dead bones are immortal, and the dead are cared for." He focused on analyzing the situation at that time and emphasized that the main force of the Qiang rebellion was the Xianling Qiang and others, while the Han Qiang and others were just coercive followers. Regardless of his own safety, he expressed his opinions and finally attracted the attention of the court. Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty finally adopted Zhao Chongguo's opinions. Zhao Chongguo submitted the report on Wushen (the 28th day of the lunar month) in June, and received the emperor's seal from the imperial court in return on the Jiaxuan (the fifth day of the lunar month) in the seventh month. It can be seen that the speed of information transmission at that time was very fast. In feudal society, one of the main criteria to measure the strength of a dynasty was the speed of information transmission and the daily marching speed of infantry. 6. As evidenced by the Han stele, the sixth descendant of Zhao Chongguo still protects Hehuang. After receiving the reply from the court, Zhao Chongguo followed his own ideas and launched an attack on the Qiang people in an orderly manner. In July, he launched a surprise attack on the Xianling Qiang. The army approached the Xianling Qiang's lair. The Xianling Qiang who were attacked abandoned their baggage and livestock and fled in a hurry. Without waiting for the Han army to attack, they scrambled to cross the river. , many people drowned, and only more than 500 people were surrendered and beheaded. What really hit Xian Ling Qiang was the loss of a large amount of baggage. Zhao Chongguo's troops captured 100,000 cattle and sheep and 4,000 vehicles on the battlefield, which basically completely destroyed the economic foundation of a very large tribe. At the same time, Zhao Chongguo adopted a psychological attack strategy to divide and disintegrate. By autumn, the front line will be restored to before the Qiang rebellion. With only 10,000 troops, the Qiang problem was solved. Bronze Ox Cart of the Han Dynasty Later, Zhao Chongguo proposed the "Twelve Policies for Camping", which is famous in ancient and modern times, and also left behind the "Tuntian Memorial" that shines on ancient and modern times. The strategy of farming was implemented in the Huangzhong area, leaving 10,000 infantrymen stationed in Huangzhong. At that time, everyone in the imperial court read Zhao Chongguo's memorial, and almost everyone was impressed. A year later, the farming in the Hehuang Valley was very successful, and more than 30,000 Qiang people surrendered. Only the remnants of the Qiang rebellion of more than 4,000 people were trapped in Nanshan. According to Zhao Chongguo's "Request to Stop the Farming", the main force withdrew, but a large number of soldiers still stayed in the field. In 1942, at Baiyazi, five miles west of Xianlaoyacheng, Ledu, Qinghai, construction workers discovered the "Zhao Kuan Monument" from the Eastern Han Dynasty, which recorded the life of the sixth grandson of Zhao Chongguo in the Hehuang area. At this time, the Zhao family was relatively large, and they considered themselves to be Haoqi people in Jincheng. He was considered a wealthy man in the local area and had held important county positions. Zhao Kuan, the sixth grandson of Zhao Chongguo, was a fake Sima who protected the Qiang captain. A famous general of the generation not only left behind the "Twelve Strategies for Farming" which summarized the farming policies of the Western Han Dynasty, but also formulated an implementation program for those who came after to deal with border issues and "guaranteed victory for the whole division and Anbian". He also set an example and left a legacy His descendants are working in the Hehuang area.

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