1, vacationing in the mountains reminds me of my brothers in Shandong.

Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei

I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays.

When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. ?

A person can't reunite with his family when he is far away from home, and he misses his distant relatives every Double Ninth Festival.

Far away, I feel sorry for myself when I think of my brothers climbing high with dogwood.

Appreciation: I wrote this poem because I missed my relatives in my hometown on the Double Ninth Festival. Wang Wei lives in Zhou Pu, east of Huashan Mountain, so it's called Remembering Shandong Brothers. When he wrote this poem, he was probably seeking fame in Chang 'an. Although the bustling imperial capital was very attractive to young literati who were keen on official career at that time, it was a "foreign land" for a young wanderer after all. The more bustling and lively, the more lonely and helpless the wanderer is in the vast sea of people. The first sentence uses a word "unique" and two words "different", which is sufficient.

My thoughts about my loved ones and my feelings about my lonely situation are all condensed in the word "independence". "Being a stranger in a foreign land" only refers to being a guest in another country, but the artistic effect caused by the word "different" is much stronger than that caused by the general description of being a guest in another country. In the feudal era dominated by natural economy, there were great differences in customs, languages and living habits in different regions. When you leave your hometown where you have lived for many years and go to a strange place, you will feel that everything is strange and unaccustomed, and you will feel like duckweed floating in a strange place.

"Foreign land" and "stranger" are the simple and true expressions of this feeling. A stranger's homesickness naturally exists on weekdays, but sometimes it doesn't necessarily show up, but once it encounters some kind of catalyst-the most common one is "festival"-it is easy to explode and even uncontrollable. This is the so-called "I miss my relatives twice during the festive season".

Festivals are often a time for family reunion, and many fond memories of hometown scenery are often associated, so it is natural to "miss your family more during festivals". This kind of experience can be said that everyone has it, but before Wang Wei, no poet has successfully expressed it with such plain and highly summarized poems. Once the poet speaks it, it becomes an epigram that can best express the homesickness of the guests.

2. Break up with Xinjian at Furong Inn

Tang Dynasty: Wang Changling

Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan!

Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

The misty rain spread all over Wudi River overnight; Seeing you off in the morning, I feel lonely and sad for Chushan!

Friends, if relatives and friends in Luoyang ask about me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin and stick to my beliefs!

Appreciation: "A piece of ice is in a jade pot", that is, the so-called "self-evident, strategically located". Among them, the word "Bing Xin" can be found in Volume 92 of Song Shu: "Bing Xin is greedy for excitement, and the frost is glorious." These are the words of Lu Hui, a good official who was "impartial" and "loved by the people" in the Liu and Song Dynasties. Wang Changling used the word "Bing Xin" to show that he is the same as Lu Huizhi who is "honest and clean, diligent and loving the people, and self-denial".

The word "jade pot" can be found in Bao Zhao's Poem on the Generation of Whitehead: "Straight as bamboo rope, clear as jade pot ice". It is a symbol of nobility. In addition, Lu Ji's Ode to the Hero of Emperor Gaozu and Yao Chong's Preface to Curling Discipline are full of loopholes, with a clear foundation, and people who understand them are classified. So the ice inside is clear and the outside is moist. This gentleman's virtue of curling also generally means "not bound by official feelings" Wang Changling's famous sentence not only contains the meanings of "Bing Xin", "Jade Pot", "If the heart is pregnant with ice" and "Jade Pot's virtue", but also expresses his character and virtue deeply and implicitly.

3. spring resentment?

Tang Dynasty: Jin Changxu

Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree.

They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.

I beat the branches to get rid of the oriole in the tree, so that it wouldn't bark in the tree.

Its crisp sound woke up my dream, and I couldn't get to western Liaoning to meet my relatives guarding the border in my dream.

Appreciation: The first sentence of the poem suddenly rises like a flat peak. It is said that oriole is a delightful bird. And why does the heroine in the poem do "drive away the oriole"? When people read this poem, they will be at a loss, don't know where the poem is, and can't help wondering and looking for an answer from the next sentence. The second poem really explains the first sentence well, letting people know that the purpose of "driving the oriole away" is "all the fun comes from the tree"

But birds' singing and flowers' fragrance are both beautiful things in spring, and among birds' singing, oriole's cry is particularly crisp and beautiful. People can't help asking: Why not let Yingying crow? The third poem explains that the reason for "not teaching to cry" is that they are afraid that "they will wake her up when she is dreaming". But people are still not satisfied with this explanation, because Huang Ying cries at dawn, which indicates that it is time to wake up from a dream. So, why is the heroine in the poem so afraid of waking the dreamer? What is her dream? The answer to the last poem is: the people in this poem are afraid to break not the ordinary dream, but the dream of going to western Liaoning, because they are afraid that "she will go to the camp in western Liaoning and meet him there" in the dream.

4. Leyou Tomb

Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin

In the evening, I was unhappy and drove to Gu.

Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk.

I was in a bad mood at night and drove to Guyuan.

The sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it is dusk.

Appreciation: The first two sentences, "With the twilight shadow in my heart, I have driven up between the graves of Leyou", mean that in the evening, I was depressed and drove to the ancient suburbs. "Night" means it's getting dark, and "uncomfortable" means unhappy. The poet was in a blue mood, so he drove out to see the scenery to relieve boredom. Guyuan, namely Le Garden Scenic Area, is located in the south of Chang 'an, with high terrain, and is a tourist attraction in the Tang Dynasty. These two sentences point out the time and reason for going to Guyuan.

The last two sentences, "The sunset is infinitely beautiful and buried by the coming night", mean that the scenery in the sunset is infinitely beautiful, but it is near dusk. Infinitely Good is a warm praise for the setting sun. However, the word "Gang" turned into deep sorrow. This is a sigh of the poet's inability to retain good things. These two sentences, which are close to aphorisms, have profound implications. They are not only about the natural scenery in the sunset, but also about themselves and the times. It is also full of the positive significance of cherishing time.

5. Farewell?

Tang Dynasty: Wang Wei

Seeing friends off in the mountains, Chai Men is half hidden at sunset.

Spring grass will grow green next year, my friend, will you come back? (next year: year after year)

Send a good friend in the deep mountain, and the sunset will cover Chai Men.

Spring grass will give birth to new green next year, friend, can you give it back to me?

Appreciation: The first sentence of the poem, "Friend, I have watched you go down the mountain", tells the reader to say goodbye at the beginning, and uses a seemingly unemotional word "ba" to pass the farewell scene and feelings. Here, from farewell to sending away, we skipped for a while. The second sentence, "I still closed my thatched door until now", was written during the day when pedestrians were sent away, and it took longer. When the poet connects his life with poetry, he cuts off the feelings and thoughts of those who bid him farewell during this time and regards it as a dark field.

This farewell poem is not a farewell to pavilions, but a step further, writing the hope of reunion after parting. This is beyond the general farewell poem. At the beginning, I hid the farewell scene, put pen to paper with "farewell", and then wrote that the feeling of going home after farewell became stronger and stronger, paving the way for expecting it to come again, so I thought that the spring grass was green again, but it was difficult to return from people. The feeling of parting is beyond words. Heart inside, taste outside, really ingenious, superior.

Song ci:

1, a bodhisattva-level person, Lin Ping, is in a vast smog.

Tang Dynasty: Li Bai

The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried.

The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? Long pavilion with short pavilion. (Even a short pavilion: a shorter pavilion)

In the distance, the forest smoke stretches, such as weaving, and the mountains in autumn are like belts, which are sad and green. Twilight entered the boudoir, and someone was upstairs alone.

On the jade steps, looking at the sky stands. The returning birds hurried away under the urging of returning to their nests. Where is my return trip? Pass the long pavilion, and then pass the short pavilion.

Appreciation: The upper and lower parts of this word adopt different techniques. The first half focuses on the rendering of objective scenery, while the second half focuses on the description of subjective psychology. However, the rendering of the scenery has a strong subjective color, and the description of subjective psychology is mixed with the objective scenery. So generally speaking, emotion and scenery, subjective and objective are integrated.

2. Su Muzhe is nostalgic

Song Dynasty: Fan Zhongyan

Blue sky and yellow leaves. The autumn wind is full of waves, and the waves are cold and smoky. The mountain reflects the sun and the sky meets the water. The grass is ruthless, and the sunset is even more outside.

Dark homesickness, thoughts of chasing travel. Every night unless, sweet dreams make people unable to sleep. The bright moon building is high and lonely. Wine becomes sorrow, acacia becomes tears. (Let people sleep: Let people get drunk)

Blue sky, white clouds and yellow leaves, autumn scenery is connected with water waves in the river, which are filled with green and cold smoke. The mountains set off the sunset, the blue sky and the river. The grass is unfriendly and extends to the horizon beyond the sunset.

Missing my hometown silently is sad, and lingering worries are hard to get rid of. Unless I dream well every night, I can get a moment's comfort. I don't want to look at the tall building alone on a moonlit night, but I want to pour bitter wine into my sadness and turn it into tears of acacia.

Appreciation: In the first film, I wrote about the autumn scenery, which was very beautiful and far away, and I was homesick. The first sentence is "blue sky and yellow leaves", that is, from the big picture, it shows a lofty realm of blue sky and yellow land orange, instead of writing autumn scenery's frequent decline.

"Autumn is full of waves, waves are cold and smoke is thick", from the blue sky and wide fields to the autumn water that connects heaven and earth remotely. Autumn color refers to the blue sky and yellow leaves. This bright and golden land has been extended into the distance, connecting Simon Qiu Jiang at the end of heaven and earth.

On the river waves, this layer of emerald cold smoke is shrouded. Fog was originally white, but because it is connected with the blue sky and the blue waves, it is the same color as the blue sky in the distance, so it is called "cold smoke", just like the so-called "autumn water is the same color as the sky". The word "cold" highlights the autumn feeling given by this emerald haze. These two sentences are far apart, and cooperate with the first two sentences to form an extremely vast and colorful autumn map.

"The mountains reflect the sunset water, and the grass is ruthless, even outside the sunset." In the evening, the setting sun reflects the distant mountains, and the blue sky connects the green waves of autumn water and the sad grass, extending to the distance and disappearing into the horizon where the setting sun cannot reflect. These three sentences further connect the sky, the earth, the mountains and the water through the sunset and the grass, and the scenery extends from the line of sight to the imaginary horizon.

Although the grass here may not have a clear metaphorical meaning, this image can really trigger relevant associations. Since it was written in "Songs of the South to Recruit Hermits" that "the prince and grandson don't return, spring grass grows", in poetry, fragrant grass is often associated with homesickness. The grass here is also a catalyst for homesickness. It is far away, far away from home, even far away from sunset, which makes it difficult for tourists who care about their hometown to be affectionate, but ignores people's feelings, so it is said to be "heartless". Here, only by writing about the scenery can you feel homesick and leave your feelings.

Autumn scenery, written in the whole film, is vast and beautiful, without sentimental flavor, which is rare in literati's works, and there are even fewer words with the theme of sad autumn and hurting spring. The long homesickness is also revealed in the description of the human landscape, leaving no trace. This natural transition from scenery to emotion is also ingenious.

3. The storm since beginning of spring.

Song Dynasty: Liu Yong

Now that spring has come, it is green and red, and the heart is like cocoa. In the morning, flowers are spent on the tip, and the warbler wears a willow belt, but she still lies on the musk. Warm and crisp, tired of clouds, tired of combing all day long It's nothing. When hatred and fickle feelings are gone, there is no audio book.

If I knew, I would regret not locking the carved saddle. To the phoenix window, only to control the beautiful sound, to teach music to be restrained. Town with, don't give up, needle and thread with Iraq. I, on the other hand, avoid being young, light and yin-deficient.

Starting from beginning of spring, I became more and more annoyed when I saw the green leaves and red flowers seem to be sad. The sun has risen to the treetops, and the orioles have begun to fly through the wickers, and I am still holding the brocade quilt. The delicate skin is getting thinner, the hair is drooping and messy, and I am disheartened all day, and I am not in the mood to dress up in front of the mirror. Really helpless. I hate that fickle lover. I didn't even reply to a letter after I went there.

If I had known this, I wouldn't have locked his BMW. I should leave him at home, let him associate with pen and ink, let him write poems and lyrics, and never leave. I don't have to hide. I will stay with him all day, with a needle and thread in my hand. With him, I will not waste my youth, nor will I wait hard.

Appreciation: This is a poem about love, with distinctive folk flavor, and it is the representative work of Liu Yong's Lyrics. In the tone of a young woman (or prostitute), this word expresses the lovesickness after leaving her lover and depicts the image of an innocent young woman.

This word has a strong flavor of folk songs. It not only absorbs the characteristics of folk songs and retains the flavor of folk discourse, but also has distinctive characteristics of the times. The author did not use traditional figurative techniques, nor did he use objective and concrete images to compare and imply the intensity and firmness of his love, but directly expressed and sang his feelings. In ci, unrestrained emotional passion is naked and obviously civic. This is an objective reflection of the high prosperity of the city during Liu Yong's life.

From the ideological point of view, this word is obviously civic-minded. The citizen class is a new force growing up with the development of commodity economy. Without the fetters of feudal thoughts, they dare to resist the oppression of feudal ethics. In the feudal era of "men and women are not close", it showed a new ideological outlook, and the female voice in Ding Fengbo was reflected in the literati's ci works: "Follow the town, don't give up, and sit on the needle and thread." And me, lest young people suffer from yin deficiency. "

4. Tell your heart and eyebrows.

Song Dynasty: Ouyang Xiu

The curtains are covered with a thin layer of frost in the morning. Oh, try plum makeup with your hands. Each has his own hatred, so the paintings are far away.

Think of the past and cherish the lingering fragrance. Easily injured. It is the most heartbreaking thing to fold the song before laughing.

Roll up the frost curtain in the morning, warm your hands and try to comb the new plum blossom makeup. Because there is too much sadness in my heart, don't hate it, so draw my eyebrows as long as the distant mountains.

Recalling the past and lamenting the lost years are more likely to make people feel sad. I want to sing, but I want to laugh, but my eyebrows are tight. This day is the most painful.

Appreciation: This word expresses a woman's parting from sorrow and not hating, with few words, but the changes in several scenes vividly depict the heroine's complex inner world. The words are vivid in form. The poet describes the environment, the appearance of the characters, and then the fragments of women's lives, showing women's inner anguish, memories of the past years and painful life experiences.

Tell about the last movie and write thrush. "Curtains swaying in the morning" is an environmental description. In the winter morning, the cold air attacks people. "Oh, try plum makeup with your hands", and draw a picture: the heroine is dressing in front of the mirror in the winter morning, breathing warm and slender hands, and carefully drawing plum makeup on her forehead. The curtain roll implies that she has got up. Although it is still early, she has to get up and get dressed, which shows the hardships of daily life. "Light frost" implies that the climate is only slightly cold.

Because of the slight cold, the heroine's shyness can be seen, which also shows that she was forced to work so hard for a living. Try Plum Blossom Makeup highlights her beauty. The next lyric, frowning. The first part is about thinking about people, and the next part naturally transitions to "thinking about the past, cherishing the past, and hurting yourself." From her manners and appearance, the poet can see that this woman is sentimental. Maybe she is thinking about the past that is hard to trace, regretting those fleeting glorious years, and her heart is full of sadness. These three sentences successfully describe the heroine's psychology and fully express her inner pain and sadness in just a few words.

5. Fisherman Ao

Song Dynasty: Fan Zhongyan

The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang Goose is unknown. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed.

A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. Qiang tube covered with frost, people do not sleep. The general was white-haired and in tears.

Autumn has come, and the scenery in the northwest frontier is different from that in Jiangnan. The geese flew back to Hengyang again, without any intention of staying. At dusk, when the army's horn blows, the surrounding sounds also rise. In the mountains, the twilight is heavy, the mountains are sunset, and the solitary door is closed.

After drinking a glass of turbid wine, I can't help thinking of my hometown thousands of miles away. I failed to defeat an enemy like Dou Xian, and I failed to make a decision earlier. Melodious Qiangdi sounded, the weather was cold and the ground was covered with frost and snow. Late at night, the soldiers couldn't sleep well: the general's beard and hair turned white because of military action; The soldiers have been guarding the border for a long time, and they also shed sad tears.

Appreciation: "People don't sleep, but generals have white hair and tears." Why can't people sleep? Why is the general still in service when he is already white-haired Why do young soldiers cry for their country? There is sadness here, but it's not important. What matters is worry, resentment, resentment. They are worried about national security, complaining that no one in the imperial court reorganized military equipment, and even more resenting that the authorities did not have a correct policy, so that the border guards lived under the "blockade" for a long time, but they could not retreat to their homes and serenade their wives.

Judging from the whole sentence of The Fisherman's Pride, it should be said that the mood is tragic and the feelings are strong. It is an ancient song of border guards, which touched the hearts of millions of readers through the ages with its heroism.