Is the author of The Analects of Confucius Confucius?

The author of The Analects of Confucius is not Confucius. "The Analects of Confucius" is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, compiled by Confucius's disciples and his disciples.

The book has 20 chapters and 492 chapters, mainly in the form of quotations and supplemented by narratives. It mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and more concentratedly embodies Confucius’ political opinions, ethical thoughts, and morals. Concepts and educational principles, etc.

This book is one of the classic works of the Confucian school. It is called the "Four Books" together with "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius", plus "The Book of Songs", "Shangshu", "Book of Rites" and "Book of Changes" "Spring and Autumn", collectively known as "Four Books and Five Classics".

The Analects of Confucius had three versions in ancient times: "Gu Lun", "Lu Lun" and "Qi Lun". The current version of "The Analects of Confucius" is compiled from "Lu Lun" and "Gu Lun".

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The formation of "The Analects"

Zheng Xuan's "Preface to the Analects" once said that "The Analects" is "written by Zhong Gong, Zi You, Zi Xia, etc." ".

Later, some scholars judged the editor of "The Analects" based on whether Confucius' disciples were called "Zi" in "The Analects of Confucius".

In the Analects of Confucius, those who refer to Youruo and Zeng Shen are both called "Youzi" and "Zengzi". From this, Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty concluded that the "Analects of Confucius" was compiled by their disciples.

But in the Qing Dynasty, Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Justice" pointed out that Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu and Ran You were each called "Zi" in the Analects.

Liu Baonan believed from this, "At that time, the only disciples were Zi and Zeng Zi, so after Confucius died, Confucius' disciples respected them as teachers, so they were collectively called Zi.

To Min Ziqian and Ran You were each called Zi, which was also recorded by the disciples of the two sons. However, Confucius's disciples still called the two sons by names, so the names of Min and Ran in the chapter were wrong. "It should be said that Liu Baonan's explanation is wrong. is very convincing. ?

The original collection of The Analects was already so complex, and it was even more complex as its versions circulated and eventually became the version we see today.

Baidu Encyclopedia - The Analects

Who is the author of The Analects

The authors of "The Analects" are: Confucius and his disciples.

This book mainly records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It reflects Confucius's thoughts more concentratedly and is one of the classic works of the Confucian school. The book has 20 chapters and 492 articles.

It is mainly composed of quotations and supplemented by narratives, which embodies Confucius’ political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. Together with "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius", it is called the "Four Books". Together with the "Five Classics" such as "The Book of Songs", it is collectively called the "Four Books and the Five Classics".

Influence on later generations

The Analects of Confucius Ming Dynasty

The Analects of Confucius has been revered as "one of the Five Classics" since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "deposed hundreds of schools of thought and only respected Confucianism" Jurisdiction, the Throat of the Six Arts" is the first-hand material for studying Confucius and Confucianism, especially the original Confucianism. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi combined "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Analects" and "Mencius" into the "Four Books", which increased their status in the Confucian classics.

In the Yan_ period of the Yuan Dynasty, the imperial examination began to use the "Four Books" to select scholars. From then on, until the Westernization Movement was implemented in the late Qing Dynasty and the imperial examination was abolished, the Analects had always been the golden rule followed by scholars.

The Analects of Confucius entered the list of classics in the Tang Dynasty. “In the Tang Dynasty, there were Zhou Rites, Rites, and Rites, and in the Spring and Autumn Period there were Zuo Zhuan, Gong Yang, and Gu Liang, plus The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya, and Xiao Jing, so These are the Thirteen Classics." Zhao Pu, a politician in the Northern Song Dynasty, once said that "half of the Analects of Confucius governs the world." This reflects from one aspect the great role and influence this book played in ancient Chinese society.

Who is the author of "Mencius"

In the middle of the Warring States Period, Mencius and his disciples Wan Zhang and Gongsun Chou were waiting. It was first seen in Zhao Qi's "Mencius' Inscription": "This book was written by Mencius, so it is always called "Mencius"." "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains eleven chapters of "Mencius", of which seven chapters exist in fourteen volumes.

The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there were four other chapters of the "Outer Letters of Mencius" that have been lost. The book records the political, educational, philosophical, ethical and other ideological views and political activities of Mencius and his disciples. The ancient examination mainly tested the "Four Books" and "Five Classics".

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The language of "Mencius" is clear, plain and simple, and at the same time concise and accurate.

As a prose, "Mencius" is good at argumentation, more artistically expressive, and has the nature of literary prose. The argumentative essays in it skillfully used the method of logical reasoning. Mencius used analogical reasoning skillfully, often playing hard to get, repeatedly questioning, and circuitously leading the other party into his own preset conclusion, such as "The King of Liang Hui".

Awesomeness is an important stylistic feature of the prose of "Mencius". This style stems from the strength of Mencius' character cultivation. People with this kind of awe-inspiring spirit can overwhelm the opponent mentally, despise political power, despise material greed, have extraordinary courage, uprightness, selflessness and fearlessness. "Mencius" uses a lot of rhetorical techniques such as couplets and refrains. To enhance the momentum of the article and make it majestic, like a river, no one can control it.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Mencius

The founder of the Analects

The Analects is a collection of sayings handed down from generation to generation that records the wisdom of sages. The Analects of Confucius was compiled by Confucius. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni. Founder of Confucianism. The most famous thinker and educator in ancient my country. UNESCO lists him as one of the "Top Ten Historical Famous Persons in the World". Confucius was born in the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He lost his father in his early years, his family was in decline, and his life was difficult. But he was talented, "he was determined to learn at the age of fifteen", "never tired of learning", and was proficient in etiquette, music, charioteering, archery, calligraphy, and mathematics. By the age of about 30, his "eruditeness" had become famous far and wide.

In his youth, Confucius worked as a small official in charge of warehouses and cattle and sheep. At the age of thirty-four, he set up a school in the north of Qufu City and began to teach and teach. It is said that he had three thousand disciples, including seventy-two famous ones.

Ten swear words used by Confucius

China is a country of etiquette, and its culture emphasizes subtlety. Ten classic "cursing words" in Chinese history have been pondered and pondered by future generations. There is a big difference between educated scolding and uneducated scolding. One is elegant, the other is vulgar. Is there something unique about being criticized so elegantly by intellectuals?

The Irony of Famous Quotations

China’s 5,000-year history has produced many famous aphorisms, with different connotations and origins, which are not outdated even in today’s society. Some famous quotes and aphorisms are so explosive that they push the standard of "national abuse" to a climax.

The first sentence, rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung cannot be built. The first half of the sentence is often quoted in various situations, and it does not sound unfamiliar to everyone. Even if some people don't understand this clearly, they can judge the irony from the words "rotten wood" or "dung soil". In fact, this sentence came from Confucius in the early days, and it was to teach the disciple who only knew how to sleep foolishly during the day. Use metaphors to express the teacher's anger that iron cannot become steel.

The second sentence, old but not dead, is a thief. Most of the true meaning of this sentence can be guessed. If a person lives too long and refuses to return to the West, then this person is no different from a thief. Because in this life, the value created by the old and the weak is very little, but resources will be wasted in vain, which is exactly the same as a thief holding an open fire.

The third sentence is that only villains and women are difficult to raise. This sentence now sounds somewhat disrespectful to women, but from Confucius's personal experience, he may have intended to express another view, but it has been misinterpreted for many years, leading to the world's misunderstanding.

The fourth sentence is that if the words are weak, they will not die. This sentence seems to be rarely heard, and explained in plain language, even if you curse others, you will not end well.

The fifth sentence, a frog in a well cannot speak to the sea, and a summer insect cannot speak to the ice. The core of this sentence reflects the human mentality--self-promotion and arrogance. People who are fake and noble often have no special experience, but they always show off themselves in front of others and belittle others.

The sixth sentence, those who do many unjust things will surely die. This sentence is still used today. It specifically curses those who have committed evil deeds to end up living in misery and misery.

The seventh sentence, Rats have skin, but humans have no manners! If a person has no manners, what is the point of not dying? This sentence uses the progressive relationship between "rat" and "skin", "person" and "etiquette" to warn people in the world to have a sense of shame and understand the rules of honesty and etiquette. The second half of the sentence expresses that if you can't understand it deeply, how can you survive?

The eighth sentence, both your body and your name will be destroyed, and the eternal flow of rivers will not be destroyed. The philosophy of this sentence is that you should not overestimate your own importance. It is similar to the saying "the earth will continue to rotate regardless of who you leave it".

In the ninth sentence, 140,000 people were all disarmed, and not one of them was a man.

This sentence meaningfully mocks those soldiers who have done nothing but cowardly, and are willing to cede territory for the sake of so-called wisdom and self-protection, but there is no seven-foot man who has the courage to take the responsibility!

In the tenth sentence, Zhou Lang’s ingenious plan to calm the world cost him his wife and his troops. This sentence is a metaphor for a general who is talented but narrow-minded, and it often appears in spoken language today.

Conclusion

"National curse" reflects the attitude and stance of expressing negative emotions in classic culture. Those people and things that are satirized must have their own purpose and necessity. Culture can laugh and curse, be wanton and cunning, and can use all techniques and means to show all the tension and elasticity of language. These ten common sayings are very representative and reflect the ancient people's experience in understanding life. Although some discourses have long since changed, and have experienced changes in the context of the times, they still have rich social significance. These cultural treasures left by our ancestors have their transplant value in the contemporary era.