Spear and shield (classical Chinese)
Chu people have shields and spears, and they are well-known: I have a strong shield and can't sink. "He praised his spear and said," The benefits of my spear can't be trapped in anything. Or, what about children's shields and trap spears? "He has the ability to respond.
Translation:
Meaning: There was a man who sold spears and shields in the State of Chu. He boasted, "My shield is so strong that nothing can pierce it." He boasted of his spear and said, "My spear is so sharp that anything can pierce it." Someone said, "How about stabbing your shield with your spear?" The man was asked nothing.
One: The role of Chinese in my eyes.
There is a passage in the Interpretation of Chinese Curriculum Standards for Full-time Compulsory Education: Chinese curriculum should cultivate students' basic language skills, and Chinese curriculum should also exert its influence on students' emotional attitudes and improve students' cultural taste, aesthetic taste and aesthetic ability. Therefore, Chinese is the unity of instrumentality and humanity. The so-called instrumentality, that is, its practical function, is to learn Chinese to meet the needs of communication to a great extent, and to write narratives, expositions, argumentations, especially practical articles; Humanistic spirit is the emotional edifying function of Chinese. What we want to cultivate is, first of all, a person with thoughts and feelings. This person should be smart and emotional, with love, hate, fantasy and dreams in his heart. He should be kind and sincere, know how to be grateful and know how to repay. He is a man who lives with his heart. He will appreciate the flowers in spring and the moonlit night in summer. He should have leisure in autumn and purity in winter. He loves beauty, appreciates it and creates it. He is a living, flesh-and-blood person, full of passion for life. The function of Chinese is to cultivate such people for society.
The seventh-grade students who have just taken a small step in life are at such a stage: sometimes they are ignorant and sometimes they know everything; Their little heads have begun to think about some problems about life and society, but they don't know how to start with these problems. They are in a chaotic period before germination. Chinese teachers should seize this stage to help students form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that they can have clear goals and directions and take the first step in life.
Now, I will take the Chinese textbook as an example to talk about my understanding of the textbook and some of my practices.
Second, my understanding of teaching materials and some practices;
The first grade is the foundation of the third grade, with little content. Teaching should focus on the cultivation of Chinese habits, reading ability, speaking ability and basic writing ability. Teachers should not engage in sea tactics, but make Chinese classes easy and interesting, so that students like them.
This textbook consists of six units. The first unit and the second unit take "life" as the theme, and the second unit goes further and takes ideals and beliefs as the theme. The selected articles not only take into account the enduring childlike innocence, but also guide them to think about major issues in life, which can be described as well-intentioned. The article is full of words and feelings. Teachers should consciously perform sensational performances, and students can easily immerse themselves in the feelings of the text. Teachers should focus on guiding students to read aloud. "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning". Reading methods can be varied, such as teacher's demonstration reading, students' group reading, deskmate reading, and selection of reading stars. , to maximize the enthusiasm of students to read. When students read a certain amount of heat, the teacher asked them to express their understanding and feelings about the article. Teachers must not be arranged instead. Students can summarize the philosophy contained in the article by themselves in these two units. Teachers should pay attention to the connection of teaching materials when guiding. "Beyond the Mountain" tells everyone that people should have ideals, but to realize them, they need to go through hardships. Only by being fearless and persevering can we realize our ideals in life. Step by step, step by step, telling us how to solve the difficulties is more specific than the first lesson. Cicada tells us that no matter whether life is short or long, we should face it positively and make life meaningful. Shell focuses on getting things done and leaving valuable things to the world. On the basis of summarizing the ideas of the article, the teacher guides the students to compare the similarities and differences between the two short articles. The writing background of the article Wisteria Falls is difficult for students to understand. Teachers can put it behind them and guide students to understand the meaning of the sentence "Flowers and people will encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but life is endless". At the same time, students can accumulate beautiful words and phrases in this article. Ideal requires students to imitate the first paragraph and practice writing. "Street tree" allows students to give some examples of obscurity and selfless dedication. "It's good to be the first time" allows students to speak freely and talk about their first time. It is necessary to link "ideal" with "street tree" and educate students in life. Life fables teach students to treat gains and losses correctly and bad luck correctly, which can make students talk about their feelings in combination with reality. The students I believe in are not easy to understand, so I can extract some aphorisms to talk about my feelings. These two units can also design a reading contest to fully mobilize students' enthusiasm and let them treat Chinese and life with the greatest enthusiasm.
The third unit is a beautiful chapter, which is rich in literature and emotion, and most of them are written by famous writers. The artistic conception is beautiful, the conception is exquisite, and it is full of poetry and painting, which depicts colorful nature for us. Continue reading training, and try to figure out and appreciate wonderful sentences to cultivate a sense of language. This unit should explore the connotation and extension of teaching materials, let students collect poems, songs and articles related to the four seasons, improve their comparative appreciation ability, and provide examples of how to appreciate and describe the beautiful scenery of the four seasons. Teachers can design corresponding composition training, so that students can learn to appreciate the beauty of nature and cultivate their own love for beauty.
The fourth unit is related to "science" and has rich and colorful contents. Learning these articles can enrich scientific knowledge, stimulate curiosity and cultivate scientific spirit. In this unit, teachers can focus on teaching points, ignore them and cultivate students' overall perception of the text content. The teacher handed the design question of "Seeing the weather from the clouds" directly to the students, guiding them to understand the structure of the text and grasping the key sentences when reading. There is no need to introduce it by mastering the shape and function of the cloud. We know a little, which enriches our knowledge, but we are not natural scientists. ) "Qingguoguo" grasped the main points as soon as it was taught after class. This unit mainly trains silent reading and grasping the main points. Teachers should learn to teach long and short.
The fifth unit is the family chapter. Affection is always the softest string in people's hearts. The brotherhood of kites, the friendship of antelope woodcarving, the affection between father and son in walking, and the great maternal love in two prose poems can deeply touch every reader's heart. This unit is similar to the fourth unit, and it is necessary to cultivate students' overall perception of the text. Kite and antelope woodcarving can guide students to understand the text from multiple angles. The right and wrong of the characters in the text should not be generalized, but there should be discussion and even debate, but no fixed answer can be stipulated. "Zou" and "Two Prose Poems" show a beautiful and warm family picture, so that students can talk about their feelings in combination with reality.
The texts in Unit 6 are all imaginative works. With all kinds of whimsy, the author describes a real and illusory world, which is amazing and intriguing. To learn this unit, you should activate your imagination and continue reading aloud and silently. "The Emperor's New Clothes" and "The Blind Child and His Shadow" are all fairy tales with a long length. Teachers should focus on cultivating students' ability to grasp the main points and summarize the content, and can cultivate students' association and imagination ability and develop innovative thinking by rewriting and continuing writing.
The above is my understanding of the textbook and some practices. Let me talk about some of my experiences in teaching.
Three: My teaching experience.
1, read the textbook thoroughly, teach deeply, teach deeply, teach long and short, and sing slowly.
Teachers must have a thorough understanding of the teaching materials before teaching, find the right ideas and reduce clues when teaching. For example, the writing background of the article "Wisteria Falling" is difficult for students to understand. Teachers can put it behind them and guide students to understand the meaning of the sentence "Flowers and people will encounter all kinds of misfortunes, but life is endless". However, although some articles are short, they "see the spirit in detail". Teaching should be fast and slow, and experience the profundity through the surface.
2. Borrow the famous words of Mr. li jinxi, a famous linguist: "Never read books when teaching vernacular Chinese, but read books when teaching classical Chinese."
When teaching vernacular Chinese, teachers must be based on students' familiarity with the text. In other words, students can "get used to" teaching without reading. Remember overhead analysis and fuzzy discussion. Students should be given more time to read, accumulate, comprehend and cultivate themselves. Teaching classical Chinese should be read word for word, so that students will never be familiar with classical Chinese and have more time to read, speak and recite classical Chinese. If you accumulate more, it will be much easier to learn classical Chinese in the future.
3. Pay attention to the connection between teaching materials.
"Beyond the Mountain" tells everyone that people should have ideals, but to realize them, they need to go through hardships. Only by being fearless and persevering can we realize our ideals in life. Step by step, step by step, telling us how to solve the difficulties is more specific than the first lesson. Cicada tells us that no matter whether life is short or long, we should face it positively and make life meaningful. Shell focuses on getting things done and leaving valuable things to the world. On the basis of summarizing the ideas of the article, the teacher guides the students to compare the similarities and differences between the two short articles. "Ideal" and "street tree" can be linked to educate students in life.
4. Excavate the connotation and extension of teaching materials.
For example, when teaching "take one step, take another step", you can contact the article "Step by step towards the goal". The article "Cicada" and "Shell" can read the article "Life of Life" in the old textbook to students. When learning street trees, you can see trees in the ninth grade. Learning "Mother Lotus Leaf" can contact "Paper Boat". The emperor's new clothes can be associated with Pinocchio's story. In short, the classroom should let students open their minds and organically link relevant knowledge.
5. Pay attention to the cultivation of emotion, attitude and values.
This is the most important task of Chinese and the unique condition of Chinese textbooks. Teachers should be fully aware of this, and combine the teaching materials for aesthetic infiltration. The first unit guides students to appreciate and care about life. The second unit guides students to set up ideals and have faith. The third unit guides students to appreciate colorful nature, have beautiful emotions and beautiful language. In short, Chinese teachers should make good use of Chinese textbooks to help students form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that they can have clear goals and directions and take the first step in life.
6. Flexible teaching methods and colorful activities.
There is no fixed method for teaching. Teachers should adopt different methods according to the characteristics of teaching materials. At the same time, Chinese classes can design various activities, such as recitation, speech, story telling, handwritten newspapers and so on. Let students form their abilities while mastering knowledge. Taking activities as the carrier, through activities, we can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning Chinese and cultivate students' interest in learning Chinese. Interest is the best teacher. )
7. Word teaching can not be ignored.
Words are the foundation. Only when words are solid can other Chinese abilities develop better. But the focus of teaching can't be on words. )