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Is the official seal unique to China?
European and American countries also have seals, but in many cases, formal documents, such as various contracts, certificates and authorization documents, can be signed as long as the authorized person signs them. I think the anti-counterfeiting in western countries mainly depends on consciousness and honesty, and of course banks and notary offices also have signatures for the record.

Documents that need to be increased in credibility can be notarized and authenticated. For example, documents formed abroad are brought to China for use, and the signers are notarized by local notaries. The notary will check the identity of the signer, or compare the signature for the record, and then affix a notarial seal on the document to prove the authenticity of the signature, and then the embassy or the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will certify the authenticity of the notary's signature. But this procedure is mainly aimed at the authenticity of the signature, and the notary office and the embassy do not express their opinions on the contents of the document itself.

One more thing: signatures often appear in private and commercial documents, and governments and institutions usually have official seals, such as the notary office mentioned above, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the corresponding government agencies.

This is basically a universal law in all countries of the world. In foreign countries, a large number of signatures are usually needed, because there are too many places to express personal rights, and the most common one is credit card signature. Formal writing is not representative of individual rights, but it still needs to be printed. For example, a contract signed by a sales representative on behalf of the company generally needs to be stamped with the company seal to show that it is not a personal act, except that the signature is used to prove the identity of the manager. But for example, the equity resale contract signed by the business owner. , you don't need to stamp the company seal, but you need to use your personal signature.