The names used by ancient royal families Sunday, April 26, 2009 at 10:24 am In fact, the names used by members of the ancient royal family do not necessarily emphasize royal status, and are often not as much as those used by common people. The difference is that "father", "mother", etc. are generally only used in written language or when mentioned in formal occasions, at least in the Song Dynasty. Below I will write down what I know about this topic. Please correct me if there are any mistakes.

1. Father

The colloquial address for the father by the princes and daughters of the Song Dynasty was not "father", but "dad" like ordinary people.

Example: When Emperor Gaozong (Zhao Gou) arrived and he offered his sacrifice, Queen Mother Bai (Webster) said, "Is this the holy meaning of Zhu Po Ning?" The Queen Mother said to her superior: "Your father always sets up hundreds of branches every night, and the same is true for everyone's pavilion." As the Queen Mother got up to change her clothes, she asked Xiansheng (Empress Wu) slightly: "How can I compare with my father's wealth?"

——"Records of Hearings and Seeings of the Four Dynasties·Xuanzheng Palace Candle";

2. Mother

In daily spoken language, the princes and daughters of the Song Dynasty called their aunt (queen) " "Empress" or "Empress".

Example:

The emperor (Renzong) resented Zhang Xian (Empress Dowager Liu) and married Zhang Hui (Empress Dowager Yang), calling Zhang Xian the eldest mother and Zhang Hui the maiden. . )

——"Sushui Jiwen"

Zhang Xian is gone, and there is some doubt about Zhang Yi's death. Renzong sent Li Yonghe to mourn her. He regarded her appearance as lifelike, and the envoy rushed to play. Emperor Renzong burned incense in front of Zhang Xian and cried and said: "From now on, the life of the eldest empress is clear." Renzong called Liu the eldest empress, and Yang The surname is Xiao Niang Niang.

——"Farewell to Longchuan"

\In normal times, Yingzong's illness has healed, but he still cannot approach his concubine to control him. Ci Sheng (Empress Dowager Cao) one day sent someone close to her to express her affection and said: "The officials have been in power for a long time, and now that Sheng Gong has recovered from his illness, how can it be that there are no attendants on the left or right?" ’ Xuanren (Queen Gao) was unhappy and said: ‘I’m telling you, my wife is married to the Thirteenth Regiment to practice ear training, but she has never married into an official family. ’

——"Tiewei Shan Cong Tan"

As for the queen mother, she is also called "Empress" by her ministers and common people.

——"Tiewei Shan Cong Tan"

The prince and princess call their biological mother, who is a concubine, "sister".

Example:

Taimu (Zhu Taifei) said to Zhezong: "Only the twelfth brother came out of my sister's belly. You can take the twelfth brother immediately." (Zhezong was critically ill at that time. Concubine Zhu asked him to pass the throne to her twelfth brother Jian Wangsi before his death. As a result, Empress Dowager Xiang was strongly dissatisfied and insisted on establishing Duan Wang Zhaoji despite the opposition of Prime Minister Zhang Dun)

—— "Records of Zeng Gong"

Emperor Gaozong said to Xian Sheng: "I know very well that you have worked hard together, but you have fallen out with those who are less advanced. I feel very ashamed. When my sister returns (original note: she is called the Queen Mother) ), you have made your choice." Xian Sheng bowed again and said to me: "My eldest sister is far away in the north, and I am in Ding Province. Every time when the sky is beautiful, I will serve you at a banquet, and I will burst into tears. "I never dreamed of this."

- "Records of the Four Dynasties: Xian Sheng's Journey of Not Being Jealous"

3. Grandfather

The great-grandfather is called "father-in-law" and the grandfather is called "Wengweng" or "big daddy".

Example:

Xian Sheng scolded the king for appointing a servant, because he blamed the king for saying, "I saw your father-in-law, then your eldest father, your father, and now I see you." At the end, I cried for several lines.

——"Records of the Four Dynasties: The Ascension of Emperor Ning"

Guangzong, the third son of Xiaozong. After Chuzhuang Wen passed away, Bai Deshou (Gaozong) of Xiaomiao established Guangzong. On the eve of Xuansuo, Deshou summoned King Yan of Wei to stay in the ban. When I return to my residence the next day, I have already completed the registration. Wei Di came back to see Gaomiao and said, "Weng Weng stayed with Kai and wanted to make his third brother the crown prince." The emperor said to him, "You said that being an official is easy? When you do it, you will worry about it." (Wei Wangkai is the second son of Xiaozong. When Crown Prince Zhuang Wen passed away, Kai Ci should be appointed, but Xiaozong decided to establish him because his third son, Prince Gong, was "like him in martial arts". Therefore, King Wei complained to Gaozong that his grandfather kept him "in order to make his third brother the crown prince.") < /p>

——"Zhiyu of the West Lake"

4. Grandmother

Great-grandmother is the "big mother".

Example:

King Jia repeatedly said: "Sue the eldest mother (original note: Xian Sheng), I can't do it, I can't do it." Xian Sheng ordered the knight: "Take the yellow robe Come, I will stay with him." The king then put his elbows on the palace pillars. (King Jia is the son of Guangzong and the great-grandson of Empress Xiansheng Wu.)

——"The Records of the Four Dynasties: The Ascension of Emperor Ning to the Throne"

His grandmother is the "Empress"

Example:

One day, the temple was decorated with golden armor and went to the Cishou Palace. When he saw the Empress Dowager, he said, "My Lady, is it okay for me to keep this?" Empress Cao smiled and said, "You have been The armor is very good, but if you wear something like this, the country will be in trouble." The temple was silent and then took off the golden armor.

——"Tiewei Shan Cong Tan"

In addition, since Shenzong calls Empress Dowager Cao the empress, and Empress Dowager Gao calls the empress, I think the princes and princesses call their aunts "empress" The probability should be greater than that of "Empress".

In the folk of the Song Dynasty, in addition to empress, grandmothers were also called mother-in-law, grandma, mother, etc. "Mom" can also be used to address mother.

5. Brothers and sisters

The princes of the Song Dynasty all call each other "brother". ", Shenzong Zhao Xu was older than Qi Wang Hao, but he also called Hao "second brother" instead of "second brother".

The emperor also called the prince the same way. For example, Zhao Ji called Zhao Gou his ninth brother, and Zhao Gou called Zhao Yuan his eldest brother.

Princesses are called "sister" or "sister" to each other, and they are also divided according to their ranking.

6. Children's self-proclaimed title to their parents

The emperor and his clan call themselves "chen" rather than "sons" in front of their parents and grandparents who are emperors and empresses.

Princess usually does not have many restrictions. She can be called "I" in spoken language, but she must be called "concubine" when formally registered. Before the Shenzong Dynasty, the eldest princess originally had the privilege of not calling her concubine, but later the Court of Ceremonies said: "Any man or woman who is respected as a minister or a concubine should be treated as a concubine. Nowadays, all the uncles, uncles, and ministers of the royal family are all called ministers. That is to say, the princess should be called a concubine. However, the courtesy of the Kuang family is difficult to apply to the court. From the eldest princess on down, everyone should be called a concubine according to the official title." Shenzong asked.

7. The concubines called themselves "concubines" or "concubines" to the emperor and the queen. There are also people who are called "nujia" or "nunu", but that seems to be when their rank is not high. The queen also called herself "concubine" in front of the emperor.

Concubines can usually call themselves "this position", but not "this palace", because in the Song Dynasty, the residence of concubines could not be called a palace, but only a pavilion, pavilion division or position.

Example:

After playing the music, Wanrong (Concubine Liu of Emperor Gaozong) finished tea, and then played the Queen Mother's words: "I have two girls named Qionghua and Lu. Hua can also play the harp and ruan, play chess, write, draw bamboo, and recite ancient prose. If he wants to be accepted by the officials, he will perform dramas with the officials." So he ordered each of them to demonstrate their skills and compose thirty ruan songs by themselves.

——"Old Martial Arts"

8. The Queen Mother calls herself

The Queen Mother and the Queen Mother call themselves "Laoshen".

Example:

The Empress Dowager Xiang cried to the Prime Minister and said: "The country is unfortunate. The Daxing Emperor has no heir. The matter must be decided early." Zhang Dun said sternly: "We should stand up The mother and brother are like King Jian. "The Queen Mother said: "I am old and have no children, and all the kings are the sons of Shenzong."

The Queen Mother (Gao family) said: "The disease is getting worse now, and I will not be like you. He also said: "After I die, there will be many people who tease the officials, so don't listen to them." He asked the people around to give him a meal, saying: "I will think about you when I have a meal next year." .

——"Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian"

9. The emperor calls himself

Everyone knows this, but you can pay more attention to it. In fact, the emperor calls himself. I don't call myself this at all times. I use "I" when I'm in the court, discussing matters with ministers, or discussing business with the palace family in more formal occasions. I usually return to the palace to have casual chats with my family. Most of the time. Use the simplest word to call yourself - me.

10. Addressing the emperor

In addition to the princes and princesses, whether they are queen mothers, empresses, concubines, ministers, eunuchs, maids or common people. In normal times, the emperor is called "Guanjia" or "Everyone". When discussing in private, he is also called "Guanli". However, when speaking in court or presenting memorials, he should be called "Your Majesty". The emperor usually calls his majesty when discussing matters.

In short, "your majesty" is a more formal and cautious title than "guanjia". I will also call you "Your Majesty" when talking about serious matters.

Hehe, the main issue here is the "official family" issue. It is impossible for the ministers in the court to speak "official family". So MM is wronging Lao Bao here

1. The titles of the Song Dynasty:

1. "Guanjia" or "Everyone" is the title of the emperor in the Song Dynasty court. This is not a bug in the drama "Bao", Yun Yan is indeed wrong about this! The emperor only calls himself "I" in formal situations, and usually uses "I" or "I"

2. The queen calls herself: emperor. When the Queen Mother issued orders, she called herself "Yu", and when meeting officials in the reception hall, she called herself "I". She also used "I" in many cases.

3. The Queen Mother called herself "I" in formal occasions. "Wait", or "Concubine", usually "I" or "I" is used;

The emperor's address to the Queen Mother, Queen and concubines: The Emperor calls the Queen Mother (mother) "Empress", and the Emperor calls the Queen Mother (Empress) "Empress". The queen is called "saint", and the emperor calls his concubine "wife";;

5. The princess calls herself: to the emperor, she also calls "I" or "I"

6. The emperor How to call your son: If you are more affectionate, you can call him by his nickname. You can also call him by his first name, such as Huan'er, Gou'er, etc.

7. The emperor's name for the princess: If you are more intimate, you can call her by her nickname, or you can call her by her title.

8. The crown prince and the princes call themselves: usually use "I" or "I", and when addressing the emperor or the prince. The queen can be used as "son minister" at times, and as "little king" for servants.

The kings are called "Princes". The emperor usually calls his brothers according to their ranking, such as "eldest brother", "ninth brother" and so on. The same is true between a prince and a princess, or between an emperor's brother and his sister. For example, Gaozong Zhao Gou called Emperor Roufu "Twenty Sister", and Roufu called Zhao Gou "Nineth Brother". Zhao Gou had already ascended the throne at that time. :

10. The eunuchs called the emperor, queen and others: "little" or "little people", they were not "slaves" of the Qing Dynasty.

11. Ordinary people: In dramas, there are often terms such as "father-in-law" and "wife" between husband and wife. In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song dynasties!

Basically, when a man greets a woman, regardless of whether they are acquainted with each other, they can all call them "ladies", and younger ones can be called "little ladies". "Niangzi" here does not mean wife, you can use it boldly.

It is worth noting that you cannot use the title "Miss" casually. Unfortunately, as early as the Song Dynasty, the meaning of "Miss" was "prostitute". The name "Miss" used by people in the Song Dynasty definitely does not refer to the daughter of a wealthy family. For example, "Miss Fu Jiulin" in Volume 4 of "Yi Jian San Zhi Ji" says that Fu Jiu "prepared with Miss San Lelin", which is similar to today's escorts. girl. Even the daughter of a wealthy family is called a young lady or a female lady. See "Yijian Zhiwu" Volume 5, "Ren Daoyuan" and "E Guo Jin Tuo Continuation" Volume 27. The storybook "The Story of Yang Wen's Roadblock" says that Yang Wen "married the daughter of Lieutenant Leng Zhen, the commander of the Zuoban palace (direct). He chose a good time and auspicious day to marry the young lady of Lieutenant Leng's residence."

It is strictly forbidden to use the word "Xiangong" casually! In the Song Dynasty, in a narrow sense, it was still limited to the honorific title for the prime minister, but in fact, it could also be used as an honorific title for general high-ranking officials. For example, Yue Fei was called "Xiangong".

In the Tang and Song Dynasties, rankings were especially popular, and were even as important as surnames, given names, and characters. Some lower-class people may only have surnames and rankings, but no names, let alone characters. Therefore, many times the title is the surname plus the ranking, such as Yan Xiaoyi, or Brother Xiaoyi, etc. It should be noted that at that time, calling others "hanzi" or "old man" contained considerable contempt. )

12. The name for the son of an official: called Yanei. In "Water Margin", for example, people in the Song Dynasty called the sons of officials yamen. In Volume 18 of "Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Chang Bian" in March of the second year of Taiping Xingguo, Guiwei Tiao said: "There are ten yamen in Luoxia, especially Fang Zuo." Kong Pingzhong " Volume 4 of "Henghuang New Treatise" says, "Maybe the yamen is a mansion" and "the son calls it yameni." The seventh chapter of the novel has "Gao yameni", and the title of chapter 51 is "The beautiful bearded man accidentally lost his small yamene" ". If in future generations, he should be called Young Master.

13. In the Tang and Song dynasties, rankings were especially popular, and were even as important as surnames, given names, and characters. Some lower-class people only had surnames and rankings, but no names, let alone characters. Because the rankings of each family and clan are different, and there is no complete historical data on the rankings handed down, it is difficult for people today to understand. For example, some scholars believe that when the word "B" is used in ranking, the order of A and B should be used as row two. In the 61st chapter of the novel, Yan Qing "ranks first" and is called "Xiao Yi". In the 28th volume of "Warning Words", "The White Snake Yongzhen Leifeng Pagoda" should be roughly copied from the Song Dynasty version, which says "Xu Xuan is ranked No. 1" and "works as a supervisor in his cousin Li Jiangshi's herbal medicine shop." He told Lady White that he is "ranked No. 1." It can be seen that "B" and "一" are connected. "General" is as mentioned above. Ranked first in the Song Dynasty, it can also be called "big" or "one".

Ai Qing

In the drama "Bao", you can often see the emperor saying: "I love you!" when asking the ministers to get up. In fact, in the Song Dynasty, the emperor was usually called "official" in colloquial speech, and "aiqing" was used to refer to prostitutes on many occasions. It was obviously impossible for the emperor to call his subordinates with such an extremely unsightly title.

15. Beloved

. In ancient times, it was nice to call your husband "beloved"! The word "beloved man" does not indicate the gender of man or woman. The wife calls her husband "beloved man" and the husband calls his wife "beloved man". It can be seen from this that the status of men and women at that time was generally relatively equal, but This indiscriminate approach also brings a lot of inconvenience to the way couples address each other.

16. Lang

Later, people differentiated the pronunciation and meaning of the word "Liang" based on "Shuowen Jiezi"; adding "阝" to the right of "Liang" became "Lang"; add "女" to the left of "Liang" to form "Mother". "Lang" represents the husband. Li Bai has "The man came riding a bamboo horse and went around the bed to make green plums." Yishan's poem has "Liu Lang already hates that Pengshan is far away, and there are ten thousand bushes separated by Pengshan." "Ask the man how beautiful his flowers are, how beautiful he is" and so on.

Many women from good families are ashamed to speak out in front of others. So, add a word at the beginning or end to make it a bisyllabic word, that is, add the word "jun" after the word "lang"; add the word "zi" after the word "mother" to become "langjun" which expresses intimacy. , "Lady". (Note: At first, the term "Niangzi" was only used for young girls. Around the Tang Dynasty, it became a title for wives.) The wife calls her husband "Langjun", which is an elegant name for her husband; the husband calls his wife "Niangzi" " is a nickname for his wife.

The Song Dynasty was an era of cultural exchanges between the north and the south. In terms of titles between husband and wife, it was also a dynasty with more titles. Among the palace officials, the term "official" appeared to be used to address the emperor, which was extremely cordial; among the common people, the term "official" appeared. Some wives call their husbands "officials".

To this day, newlyweds are still jokingly called "groom official" and "bride son" among the people.

Master

"Master" is limited to the way officials call their husbands. Its noble status in the family is self-evident. The word "master" has not yet formed a common title among Song people. Zhong Xiang, a rebellious wizard in the early Southern Song Dynasty, used superstition to inspire the masses. He was known as "Master Zhong" and they went to "worship him" one after another. "Bai Ye" means "worship father", and "Master Zhong" is Father Zhong.

19. Outsider, Wife

M In the Song Dynasty, wives also called their husbands "outsiders". The more refined ones were called "waiters", and the husbands called themselves "waiters". In addition to "wife", the wife is also called "wife". In front of others, other modest names for wives include "mean wife" and "home wife".

20. Mr.

The word "Mr." has also been used to refer to "husband" as Mr. in modern times. There are original meanings, extended meanings, and false meanings. There are specific meanings, and there are also false meanings. Generally speaking. As far as its original meaning is concerned, the two meanings of "father and brother" and "Taoist" are no longer used, and its most basic meaning seems to be "teacher". Download from "Book of Rites". *8226; Quli 1": "Follow Mr. Yu and don't cross the road and talk to others. ’ is also extended to be a respectful title for older and virtuous people. Sometimes, it is also used as a general term of honor for people. "It can be seen that this title, in addition to referring to certain specific identities, such as husbands, also implies factors such as occupation and age. In other words, the so-called Mr. mainly refers to someone who has certain knowledge and is relatively young. "Mr." is used to refer to a husband, which is elegant and has the meaning of admiration and respect. It is still widely used among overseas Chinese and in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

21. Husband'

The word husband originally meant eunuch. In ancient times, the official names were eunuch, Huangmen and Diaojuan. The honorific titles include internal official, internal minister, middle official, and middle noble; the humble titles include inner official, eunuch, eunuch, and eunuch. Among the people, they are commonly called husbands. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, there was a saying of "beating husbands" ("Zaolin Zazu"). It seems that my husband's earliest identity was originally a eunuch.

2. Explanation of the vocabulary of the Song Dynasty

1. Neimingfu: In the Song Dynasty, concubines and concubines in the palace were called Neimingfu.

Wai Ming Fu: The mothers and wives of officials in the Song Dynasty were given titles based on their official positions, such as Lady of the Country, Lady of the County, etc.

3. Bottom: of.

Official: Emperor.

5. Saint: Queen.

6. Empress: Queen Mother.

7. Lady: concubine.

8. Pavilion and pavilion points: the residences of the concubines of the Song Dynasty.

9. Coal: coal.

10. Group training: The abbreviation of group training.

11. Utility: A high-ranking sergeant in the Song Army. In the Song Dynasty, sergeants generally had to be tattooed, but utility was often exempted from tattoos.

12. Gou Tiao: Tiao Tiao.

Dazi: the abbreviation of the bachelor of Zizhengdian.

14. Zhubanzhi: The guards of the emperor of the Song Dynasty were organized into Banhezhi, collectively called Zhubanzhi.

15. Jun Rongzhi: One of the Banzhi, military band.

16. Command: The Song Army’s organizational units generally command four hundred or five hundred people.

Siler: boy, young man, young servant.

18. Maid: a hired maid.

19. Miss: prostitute.

20. Head of line: Beautiful prostitute.

21. Zhige: Zhilong Tuge and other abbreviations. .

22. Sheren: the abbreviation of Sheren in Zhongshu.

23. Observation: The abbreviation of observation.

24. Compilation: The abbreviation of Secret Pavilion Compilation

25. Dispatch: The general term for the actual duties of officials in the Song Dynasty is dispatch.

26 Secret work: spy.

27. Anbo: live peacefully.

28. Hua: A popular signature symbol in the Song Dynasty.

29. Xiaodi: small, a modest name for those with lower status.

30. Hanzi: a scornful term for a man.

31. Old man: a contemptuous term for an elderly man.

Sha, Sha is: true, true.

33. How is it?

34. Very deep: What.

35. Mo Xu: Isn’t it necessary? It shouldn’t be.

36. Xianggong: the honorific title for senior officials such as the prime minister. General officials are not allowed to call Xianggong.

Accessories: scarves, collars, etc.

38. Quality warehouse: pawn shop.

39. Household: place of birth.

40. Dutou and Deputy Dutou: The chiefs of the "du" of the Song Army's organizational unit, generally have one hundred people each.

41. Remaining members: Those who are old or sick in the Song army still retain their military membership, but their military salaries are reduced.

42. Things: things.

43. Comprehension: The word "agents" in the Song Dynasty is widely used, and it means disposal, responsibility, etc. on different occasions.

44. Shengbing: a new force.

45. Hard detective: armed reconnaissance. ,

46. Hunjia: Wife.

Tenant: tenant farmer.

48. Changxing: Sergeant.

49. Baishen: Mainly used to refer to those without official titles in the military