It contains profound introspection, understanding, desire for freedom, inner loneliness, fear...

In 1942, due to the increasingly serious behavior of the Nazi authorities in capturing Jews, Anne's My sister also received a labor notice from the Nazi authorities, which made Van Dam decide to move with Anne and her family to a more private and safer residence. On July 9 of that year, Anne and Van Dam moved into the third floor of the Otto Company with On the fourth floor, I used bookcases to block the entrance and exit to hide from people, and lived a hidden life. There should be room for one person, so later they added a dentist, Dussel, as their companion. Therefore, there are eight residents in the House of Secrets. But on August 4, 1944, Anne's family was arrested by the German and Dutch police due to someone informing them. A few days later everyone was transferred to the Westerbak concentration camp in the Netherlands, and a month later eight people from the House of Secrets were transferred to Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Afterwards, Anne and her sister were transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Both sisters died of typhoid in the camp in March 1945, less than two months after the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp was liberated by the British army. Except for Otto, the other members of the House of Secrets all died in concentration camps. Anne's diary survived because of the preservation of the company's female employees. Later, the company's female employees handed it over to Otto Frank, who survived. Anne's diary was published in 1947 and became a precious first-hand information.

Early life

Anne Frank’s family members also included her mother Edith and sister Margot. She was born Annelise Marie, but her family and friends called her by the nickname "Anne". Sometimes her father also called her "Little Anne". The Frank family lived in an assimilation community where Jews and non-Jews mixed, and Anne, like other children living in this environment, often came into contact with people of different faiths (such as Catholics and Protestants), as well as other Jewish people. . The Frank family believe in a branch of Judaism, Reform Judaism, which only adheres to some of the original Jewish tenets but ignores and abandons many of the original Jewish traditions. Anne's mother Edith was a devout Christian, and her father Otto served in the German government during World War I and was decorated. Otto was passionate about the pursuit of knowledge, so he often encouraged Anne and her sister Margot to read more. On March 13, 1933, a city council election was held in Frankfurt, and the Nazi Party led by Hitler won. Anti-Semitism spread rapidly at this time, and the Frank family began to worry that remaining in Germany would be a danger to their own safety. Near the end of the year, Edith took Anne and Margot to live with her maternal grandmother in Aachen, while Otto continued to stay in Frankfurt until he received an invitation to open a company in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and decided to move Go there to take care of business and arrange a new home for your family. The Frank family were among the 300,000 Jews who left Germany between 1933 and 1939. Otto opened a company called "Opekta Works" to wholesale pectin extracted from various fruits. He found a new home for his family in Melwede Square, a suburb of Amsterdam. In February 1934, Edith moved Anne and Margot to a new residence and also arranged schools for the two sisters. Sister Margot attended a public school, while Anne attended a Montessori school. The two sisters each have their own academic expertise. Margot is better at arithmetic and mathematics, while Anne is better at reading and writing. One of Annie's friends at the time, Hana Gosselaar, recalled that Annie would often cover her answers with her hands during homework to prevent other peers from plagiarizing, and she would not discuss it with other classmates. But these assignments were not retained later. At the same time, Anne and Margot also have obvious differences in personality. Margot is more refined, reserved and studious in manner, while Anne is more talkative, outgoing and energetic. In 1938, Otto moved his family from Osnabruck, Germany, and established another company in partnership with a butcher named Hermann Yumpers. In 1939, Anne's grandmother also moved to Amsterdam, where she lived until her death in January 1942. In May 1940, the German army invaded and quickly occupied the Netherlands. The newly established pro-Nazi government began to persecute the Jews through differential treatment and strict law enforcement. The government implemented compulsory registration and segregation of Jews, so even though Margot and Anne performed well in school, the new system stipulated that they could only study in designated Jewish schools, and they had to leave their original schools. Afterwards, they were enrolled in Jewish lecture schools to continue their studies.

Diary life: Hiding in front of the House of Secrets: On June 12, 1942, when Anne was celebrating her 13th birthday, she received a document that she had given to her father while shopping in the store. The little book I begged for as a birthday gift. This is an autograph book with a red and white checkered cover and a small lock. But Anne later decided to use the little book as a diary. She began to record various trivial matters in daily life in her diary, such as herself, family and friends, campus life, neighbors, and even playing with some boys. These early diaries record her life, and they are all similar to those of her classmates. At the same time, Anne also recorded some of the changes that occurred around her under the German occupation. Some of them are not noticeable on the surface.

But in subsequent diaries, Anne also revealed that the Nazi oppression of the Jews was rapidly expanding, and she also recorded some detailed data. One example is a diary entry about forcing Jews to carry a "yellow star" in public. She also listed a series of prohibitions and persecution measures against Jews that were popular in Amsterdam. At the same time, she also expressed in her diary that she was sad about the death of her grandmother at the beginning of the year. In July 1942, Margot received a recruitment notice from the Central Office of the Jewish Immigration Bureau, ordering her father to report to a nearby labor camp. Then Anne learned that her father Otto decided to hide them in the company after "communicating" with the employees of his company, and her mother and sister had also known about this. So the family moved to a secluded room in the company on the banks of the Prinsengracht Canal in Amsterdam.

On the morning of July 6, 1942, Anne and her family moved to the House of Secrets for temporary shelter. They deliberately left the house Anne Frank

cluttered, trying to give the appearance that they had left. Otto Frank left a note suggesting that they were going to Switzerland. They were forced to keep Annie's cat, Moji. Because Jews were not allowed to take public transportation, they walked several kilometers from their homes, each wearing several layers of clothing for fear of being seen carrying their luggage. The secret addition to the house was called the "Achterhuis" in the diary, which means back seat in Dutch. Yutuo Gujia, Kilwin, Meiya Jisi, and Heguzhi were the only employees who knew that someone was hiding here. Jisi's husband and Heguzhi's father were the ones who helped them hide. They are the only link between the people inside the house and the outside world, and they also inform them about the situation of the war and political developments. They keep the people inside the house safe and take care of their daily needs—a task that becomes difficult over time. Anne wrote of their contribution to boosting morale in the house during the most dangerous period. They all knew that aiding Jews would be punishable by death if discovered. At the end of July, the Yumpes family joined the Franks, as did a dentist and family friend. Anne wrote about the excitement of talking to new people, but soon the cramped living quarters caused conflict. Anne shared a room with Fei Hua, whom she soon found intolerable, and she clashed with Aegis Yumpes, whom she considered stupid. Her relationship with her mother also became increasingly tense, with Anne saying she had no sexual connection with her mother. Although she sometimes quarreled with Margot, the one she was closest to was her father. After some time, she and Peter fell in love. Anne spent most of her time reading and studying, and she also wrote a diary in her spare time. In addition to writing about things she experienced in her life, she also wrote about her feelings, beliefs, and hopes, things she felt she could no longer talk about. Later, as her confidence in writing increased and she matured, she began to write about abstract things, such as her belief in God, or how she understood human nature. She continued writing until her last article on August 1, 1944.

Arrested On the morning of August 4, 1944, the German police broke into their secret home. The identity of the informer is still unknown. Led by SS-Operator Spahr Bauer, the General *** included at least three members of the German police. Everyone in the house was taken away in a van for questioning. Both Yutuogujia and Kilven were taken away and imprisoned, but Meyakis and Hejizhi were not taken away. Everyone else was taken to the Gestapo base and questioned throughout the night. On August 5, they were transferred to a detention center, an extremely overcrowded prison. Two days later the eight Jewish prisoners were transferred to Wistenberg in the Netherlands. Ostensibly a temporary internment camp, it housed more than 100,000 Jews. Because they were found hiding, they were treated as criminals and sent to hard labor. Witoguga and Kilven were imprisoned in a prisoner of war camp in Amersfoort. Kilvan was released after seven weeks, but Vitoguga remained as a hard laborer in various labor camps until the end of the war. Miakis and Hechichi were interrogated by the secret police but were not taken away. They later return to the House of Secrets and find Anne's papers scattered on the floor; they put them away along with the family album, intending to return them to Anne after the war. On August 7, 1944, Myakis approached Spabot and offered to bribe him in exchange for the release of the prisoners, but he refused. On September 3, they were transferred for the last time and sent by train to Auschwitz. They arrived three days later, separated by gender, never to meet again. Of the 1,019 passengers, 549 (including all children under the age of 15) were sent directly to the gas chambers to be killed. Anne, who was fifteen years and three months old at that time, was able to survive. Although everyone from the Hidden House survived, Anne believed her father was dead. Anne, like other women who were not sent to the gas chambers, had to strip, disinfect, have her head shaved, and have an identification number tattooed on her. During the day, they were forced to do slave labor, and at night they were crowded into freezing barracks. Disease was rampant and Anne's skin was infected with mange. On October 28, the military began to transfer to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. More than 8,000 women, including Anne, Margot and Aegis Yumpers, were transferred to the camp; her mother Edith remained. Because a large number of prisoners were brought in, camps were to be used to house them; Anne and Margot were two of them. The population increased and the death rate increased.

Anne briefly reunites with two friends, Hannie and Lant, both of whom survived the war. Lent described Anne as: bald, thin, and trembling. Hanni said that although Anne herself was sick, she was more worried about Margot because her illness was more serious and she could no longer move around and often hid in a cot. Anne told two of her friends that she believed her parents were dead. In March 1945, typhus spread in the concentration camp, killing 17,000 prisoners. Witnesses said Margot fell from her cot and died of shock, and Anne died days later. They estimate that Anne's death occurred on April 15, 1945, a few weeks before the British army liberated the concentration camp. Although there is no exact date, it is generally believed to be between the end of February and mid-March. After the war, it was reported that of the 110,000 Jews escorted from the Netherlands to Nazi Germany, only 5,000 survived. There are also estimates that there are still about 30,000 Jews remaining in the Netherlands, most of whom are assisted by underground anti-Nazi organizations, and about two-thirds of them survive.

Diary publication: In the Otto family, only his father Otto survived after the war. He returned to Amsterdam after the war and knew that his wife had died and his two daughters were transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Although he still hoped that his two daughters would come back alive, in July 1945, he received information from the International Red Cross that the two sisters were confirmed to have passed away. Later, Otto's old subordinate Meiya Keith returned the diary he had been collecting to him. After reading the diary, Otto also said that he had never thought that Anne would have such accurate and good records of her past life in her diary. Since Anne had mentioned many times during her lifetime that she wanted to be a writer, Otto began to consider publishing the diary. Several years later, when Otto was asked again how he felt about this matter, he said, "This was also a discovery for me. I never knew she had such deep thoughts and feelings... She never knew she had such deep thoughts and feelings." None of this was revealed." At the beginning, Anne's diary was all about expressing her thoughts, and she emphasized many times that she would not allow anyone to read her diary. She cleverly described her life, her family and companions, their circumstances, and at the same time expressed her intention to write a novel and publish it. In the spring of 1944, she heard a radio broadcast by Gerrit Bolkestein, a member of the Dutch government-in-exile. He said that when the war was over, he would organize a public record of the oppression of the Dutch people during the war. He also mentioned publishing letters and diaries, so Anne decided to hand over her diaries at that time. She began revising her work, deleting parts and rewriting others, hoping to one day publish it. She had used up her original notebook and started writing another loose-leaf book. She gave everyone in the house pseudonyms. The Yumpes became He Wen, Bi Cao Nina and Peter Yundan, and Fitzfly became Abba Desu. Otto Frank used the original diary, called "Version A," and a revised diary, called "Version B," to publish the first edition of the diary. He took away several articles, mostly describing his wife in unflattering terms, and some describing Anne's interest in sex. He gave the family's real identities, but the others continued to use pseudonyms. He gave the diary to the historian Anne Rome, and her attempts to publish it were unsuccessful. She then gave the diary to her husband, who subsequently wrote an article about the diary, "A Child's Voice," which was published in the newspaper on April 3, 1946. He wrote: "The diary stammered the voice of a child and embodied the horror of fascism, even worse than the Nuremberg Trials." His article attracted the attention of publishers, and in 1947, the first edition of the diary , reprinted in 1950. The first edition in the United States was in 1952, titled "Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl." In France, Germany, and the United States, the publication of the diary was very popular; but the United Kingdom was an exception, and it ceased printing in 1953. In Japan, the release of this book received great attention and praise, and the first edition sold more than 100,000 copies. In Japan at that time, Anne Frank also became a symbol of the young generation who suffered during the war. It was later adapted into a play by Abbot Heggie, which premiered in New York on October 5, 1955, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. In 1959, the diary was made into a movie, "The Diary of Anne Frank", which was very positive both in terms of reviews and box office. As time went by, the popularity of the diary grew. In many schools, especially in the United States, it was included in the regular school curriculum, introducing Anne to a new generation of readers. In 1986, the Dutch National War Documentation Institute published a so-called "critical edition" of the diary. It includes a comparison of all known versions, both revised and unrevised. It also includes a discussion of the diary's authenticity, and additional historical information about the family and the diary. In 1999, Cornelis Suijk, former chairman of the Anne Frank Foundation and chairman of the United States Holocaust Memorial Educational Fund, announced that he was in possession of five pages of the diary that Otto Frank had taken away before publication; Suijk said that Otto... Frank gave these pages to him before his death in 1980.

Those pages recorded Anne's criticism of her parents' strained marriage and her mother's indifference to her. When Ruiji planned to sell the five pages of his diary to raise money for his American fund, it caused quite a controversy. The official owner of the manuscript, the Dutch National War Documents Institute, asked Ruij to hand over the manuscript. In 2000, the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science agreed to donate US$300,000 to Ruiji's fund, and in 2001, the manuscript returned to their hands. Since then, five manuscript pages have been included in new editions of the diary.