{Prince alchemist, Taifu, Taibao, Prince, Shaofu, Shaobao Zuoyouwei, Zuoyouwei, Zuoyouwei, Zuoyouwei, left and right leading guards, left and right guards, left and right guards, generals, generals, superiors, judges and clerks joined the army. Seating refers to Changshi Temple, Sima Jialing Temple, Lvgeng Temple and Servant Temple.
The East Palace official is a subordinate court institution of the Crown Prince, and its setting imitates the structure of the imperial court: its prince's sexual affairs, Taifu and Taibao (collectively referred to as "Three Tais") and princes Shao Shi, Shaofu and Shaobao (collectively referred to as "Three Shaos") are the tutors of the prince, and the guests of the prince are appointed as the attendants of the prince, with no specific duties. The establishment of Zhanfu, in charge of officials and political affairs in the East Palace, is equivalent to the six departments of Zhongshumen and Shangshu Province. Zuo Chunfang is responsible for admonishing the attendants' rules, which is equivalent to the position of the provincial government, and You Chunfang is responsible for opening documents, which is equivalent to the position of the provincial government. In addition, Zuo Chunfang also has a Chongwen Pavilion, which is in charge of books and classics; The Economic and Trade Bureau is responsible for the history of the school magazine; The catering bureau, the drug storage bureau, the internal direct bureau, the catering bureau and the official door bureau are responsible for the food, clothing, housing and transportation of the prince. These institutions generally correspond to Hong Wen Pavilion, Secretariat Province and Temple Province. In addition, there are three halls in the East Palace, namely Jialing Hall, Linggeng Hall and Servant Hall, which are responsible for the implementation of the specific affairs of the East Palace and correspond to the nine halls and five prisons. Although there are many official posts in the East Palace, most of them are idle posts.
In addition to the civil service system, there was also the military attache system in the Tang Dynasty. Due to the implementation of the military system in the early Tang Dynasty, the court established the Sixteen Guards. The name of Sixteen Guards changed greatly in the early Tang Dynasty. By the early Tang Dynasty, it was generally fixed as left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards, left-right guards. Among them, the first twelve guards are in charge of the government soldiers, and only the last four guards are not in charge of the government soldiers, but are responsible for the guards of the capital and palaces and the personal guards of the emperor. Each guard is commanded by a general and two generals, with a long history, and there are clerks responsible for the daily affairs of each guard. Four Cao Cao's, Cang, Bing, Qi and Zhou, are responsible for specific affairs such as salary, supplies, performance appraisal, accommodation, horses and weapons. Sixteen guards are directly under the emperor, but they have no power to transfer troops. When it is necessary to go out to war, it is generally agreed by the emperor and the prime minister to issue letters to the Ministry of War, which will then sign a contract and send troops to various folding houses or counties together with the letters. In addition to the sixteen guards, the officials of the East Palace also set up a ten-rate government, each with an official and one or two deputies in charge, and managed a certain number of government soldiers as the guards of the prince. The Sixteen Guards are always called Zhu Wei in South Asia, because their offices are in the imperial city south of Chang 'an and Luoyang.
In Tang Gaozong, the Imperial Army of Beiya, which developed from the Imperial Army of Xuanwu Gate in the North Gate of Miyagi, began to rise, gradually replacing the function of Nanya as a bodyguard. Due to the abandonment of the government's military system, South Asia Zhu Wei has gradually become a leisure department, and its chief generals and generals have also become the ranks of military attaché s, and they no longer have actual power.
The first imperial army of the North yamen is the left and right feather guards, the left and right long Wu Jun is located in Xuanzong, and the left and right SHEN WOO Army is located in Suzong. Together, they are called the Sixth Army of the North Yamen, with one general and three generals. In Tang Daizong, Shence Army was brought into the imperial ranks of northern officials, and Dezong was commanded by eunuchs and served as the lieutenant of the guard army. Therefore, the Shence Army developed rapidly, surpassing the Sixth Army of Beiguan. In the late Tang Dynasty, the rank of generals and generals in the Sixth Army of North Asia gradually changed to the rank of military attache, but actually there was no military power.
The state governor is the secretariat, and his subordinate staff mainly includes assistants, judges and clerks to join the army. Shang Fu refers to Chang Shi and Sima, who have no specific responsibilities to assist the secretariat in handling state affairs, but often become redundant officials.
In the early Tang Dynasty, pottery was the prison area. In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Emperor Taizong "divided the world into ten roads because of the shape of mountains and rivers". From time to time, the emperor sent inspectors or reporters to patrol the roads, monitor local officials and learn about the situation in various places. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty "divided into fifteen roads because of ten roads, served as an interviewer, and inspected the history of the Han Dynasty". In the late Tang Dynasty, Tao officials generally served as our envoys, with military power and greater power, forming square towns of different sizes.
One or three divisions (a surname, a teacher, a Pacific Insurance) or three fairs (Qiu, Situ,)
These three departments were mature in the Western Zhou Dynasty. They are all elders of the clan and are responsible for guiding, assisting and supervising the king. Protect, protect its body; Fu, Fu Qideyi; Classes for teachers and guides. "Being a teacher is the foundation of governance" (Dai). Li San Ben played a comprehensive guiding role when the monarch was young or immature. If non-moral merits are lofty, they are not in place, so it is better to be short. In the Tang Dynasty, a "virtual position" with a high position but no actual exercise of power was not an honorary position among subordinates. [Virtual Title]
Second, the three provinces (Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu) merged and were actually granted the right to participate in military decision-making.
The central administrative organs also include other provinces, temples, prisons and other departments, but these three are the most important. Among them, Zhongshu Province is the organ that is subject to the highest order to formulate and launch various government decrees. The province under the door is the deliberation organ of government decrees and various essays; Shangshu Province is the highest executive body, executing various government decrees.
The division of functions and post setting in the three provinces mainly include:
1, Zhongshu Province: the chief official is Zhongshu Ling, and the deputy chief official is Zhongshu Assistant Minister. Management:
In the middle of the book, there is a long history, a simple doctor, a vacancy, a pick-up, a living person, a Jixian Hall, and a history museum (hospital).
2. Province under the door: the first mate is the assistant under the door, and the second mate is the assistant under the door. Management:
Giving things, riding a regular servant on the left, admonishing doctors on the left, filling vacancies on the left, connecting on the left, living in Lang, Chengmenlang, Fu Baolang, and taking charge of books, etiquette, system evolution, etc. )
3. Shangshu Province: the chief official is Shangshuling, and the adjutant is the left and right servants. Each of the six departments has a senior minister, a right assistant minister and a deputy chief executive. It has six departments and twenty-four departments:
1) Official Department-responsible for the selection, appointment, removal, promotion and assessment of officials. Subordinate officials include the principal, the history of the order, the history of the book order, the history of the library order, the director of the library, and the palm.
2) Household Department-in charge of household registration, economy and finance. Subordinate officials are in charge, making history, writing history, planning history and grasping the facts.
3) Ritual Department-in charge of etiquette, sacrifice, imperial examinations, schools, education, etc. . . . . .
Note: Zuo Si is responsible for the above three departments.
4) Ministry of War-responsible for military attache selection and military and political management. . . . . . .
5) Penalty Department-responsible for judicial administration and trial. . . . . .
6) Ministry of Industry-in charge of all kinds of engineering construction and logistics related work. . .
Note: Zuo Si is responsible for the above three departments.
The third and sixth departments are government agencies, and there is also a commercial organization-Jiu Si, which originated from Jiuqing in Qin and Han Dynasties. The position is below six. The chief officer and the deputy are Qing He respectively. The specific points are as follows:
1) Taichang Temple
2) Guanglu Temple
3) Weiwei Temple
4) Zong Zheng Temple
5) Taibu Temple
6) Dali Temple (the highest judicial organ in the central government)
7) crack hon temple
8) Sinong Temple
9) Taifu Temple
In addition, there are independent institutions directly under it-Five Supervisors: imperial academy, Shaofu Supervisor, Military Equipment Supervisor, General Supervisor and Water Supervisor.
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Fourth, the internal waiter.
There is a palace province, a Ministry of the Interior, a bachelor's college and an internal envoy. Among them, the bachelor's college was founded by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. At first, it was called "Waiting for imperial edict" to recruit talents, and later it was called "Hanlin Festival" by court officials, and later it was renamed "Bachelor" to take charge of internal life. Later, there was another name for the "inner phase", especially the titles of "knowing patents" and "Hanlin bachelor's career". |
Five, different from the job grade system
Including staff who do not hold actual management positions, all have their own grades, and in many cases, the positions are not consistent with the grades. Civil service grades and their names are as follows:
1, Zhengyipin: Taiwei Sikong Situ
2. From the first product: Kaifu Yitong Stone III
3, positive two products: special progress
4. From the second product: Dr. Guanglu.
5, positive three products: Dr. Jin Ziguang Lu
6, from the three products: Yin Doctor Road
7. Zhengsi Shang: Dr. Zhengyi
8. Just looking around: talking about doctors.
9. Part IV: Doctor Tai Zhong
10, from various places: Dr. China.
. . . . . .
30. From Nine Chapters: Jiang
In addition, there are different treatment titles for imperial clan members and meritorious military service.
Five, different from the job grade system
Including staff who do not hold actual management positions, all have their own grades, and in many cases, the positions are not consistent with the grades. Civil service grades and their names are as follows:
1, Zhengyipin: Taiwei Sikong Situ
2. From the first product: Kaifu Yitong Stone III
3, positive two products: special progress
4. From the second product: Dr. Guanglu.
5, positive three products: Dr. Jin Ziguang Lu
6, from the three products: Yin Doctor Road
7. Zhengsi Shang: Dr. Zhengyi
8. Just looking around: talking about doctors.
9. Part IV: Doctor Tai Zhong
10, from various places: Dr. China.
. . . . . .
30. From Nine Chapters: Jiang
In addition, there are different treatment titles for imperial clan members and meritorious military service.
Vi. Supervision and suggestion system and its structure [After the Middle Tang Dynasty, ancient scholars held a high position]
Yushitai in the Tang Dynasty is a completely independent supervision institution. Yu Shitai is divided into three hospitals:
1) imperial academy is responsible for correcting and impeaching court officials.
2) as a counselor in the temple, in charge of various ceremonies. "People in the class are listed outside the cabinet door, correct their departure and don't speak ill of them."
3) The scope of the inspector's supervision is very extensive. Patrol around. Although Yushi is only a small official with eight products, he holds the immortal with great boldness of vision. "The suggestion can't shake the mountain and shake the county, so I don't work!"
In addition, in addition to the powers and responsibilities of the three fairs, there are also constant attendants, doctors' advice, and people who make up for the lack of information. Wei Zhi, who is famous for "remonstrating Yan Qiang", has always been a remonstrator. And formed a "system of admonishing ministers into the cabinet"
The prime minister of the Tang Dynasty adopted the committee system, which was different from the leadership system of the Han Dynasty. * * * There are three yamen: Zhongshu, Menxia and Shangshu. The functions of these three departments, together with the Yushitai, are equal to the power of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the decentralization of prime ministers in Tang Dynasty.
1, in the book province-order. These decrees were called "imperial edicts" in the Tang Dynasty. Although it was published in the name of the emperor, it was not drawn up by the emperor, but by Zhongshu Province. The procedure is as follows: The Sheren of Zhongshu drafted several imperial edicts, which were called "Five Flowers Examining Matters", and then one was selected by Zhongshu Ling (the governor of Zhongshu Province) or Zhongshu Assistant Minister (the adjutant of Zhongshu Province), which was slightly polished and became a formal imperial edict, and then the emperor drew a word to become an emperor's decree, and finally the Xiamen Provincial Decree was issued.
2, door province-review. The imperial edict issued by Zhongshu Province must be reviewed at this point. If the audit fails, it will be endorsed by the official who has the right to refute and returned to the Chinese book province, which means that it is required to redraw the Chinese book province. If it passes the examination, it needs the signature of the assistant (governor) or assistant minister (provincial adjutant), and the imperial edict takes effect, and then it is issued to the ministers of various ministries for implementation. In the Tang Dynasty, it was considered illegal for the emperor to directly give orders not to seal books or doors.
3. Shangshu Province-Implementation. The governor of Shangshu Province was called Shangshuling, and Li Shimin held this position before he became emperor, so no courtiers dared to be Shangshuling again, and they were often empty. The real power of Shangshu Province lies in its adjutant, named Left and Right Servant Shooting. Left servants shoot officials, households and rituals, while right servants shoot soldiers, criminals and workers. See Brother zxc789 "A Brief Examination of Central Management System in Tang Dynasty" for the six functions. Each subordinate has four divisions and twenty-four divisions.
Yamen-As an imperial edict, it can only take effect after Zhongshu and Menmen provinces. For convenience, when discussing major events, the governors of Zhongshu and Menmen provinces held a joint meeting, and the meeting place was called "Yamen". If a person is both a servant and a servant, then he is also eligible to enter the government affairs hall (because the chief executive of Shangshu Province is nominal). However, after Kaiyuan, servants could not enter the government affairs hall for deliberation, and Shangshu Province became a pure administrative organ. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, the officials in charge of books and doors were the real prime ministers.
In the Tang dynasty, there were nine officials, and the first and second officials were elders. They are not actually in charge of political affairs, that is, the title of "three publics". The top leaders of the "three provinces, six halls and one Taiwan" are all three officials.
Except for "three provinces, six departments and one Taiwan", most official positions are idle. Let's talk about the "Nine Temples" first. Jiuqing originated in Qin and Han Dynasties. The position is below six. The chief officer and the deputy are Qing He respectively.
1, Taichang Hall-"Chang", formerly known as "Taste", eats food to worship ancestors and makes them taste new things from time to time, so Taichang Hall is in charge of emperor sacrifices;
2. Guanglu Temple-its origin is Guanglu Xun in Han Dynasty, and Xun is the entrance of the royal family, so Guanglu Temple is responsible for guarding the palace gate;
3, Weiwei Temple-Han was originally a Royal Guards, in the Tang Dynasty, although the emperor relied on the tabernacle;
4. Zongzheng Temple-the clan in charge of the emperor;
5. Taibu Temple-the servant means the driver, so Taibu Temple is in charge of the emperor's horse;
6. Dali Temple-Tingwei, who originated in the Han Dynasty, is the central judicial organ;
7, crack hon temple-crack hon temple, is the meaning of paging, from crack hon temple in the Han dynasty, in charge of the emperor's treat people, equivalent to the emperor's private foreign ministry;
8. Sinong Temple-originated from Sinong, an institution in charge of the government economy in the Han Dynasty. The land tax revenue in the world is nominally managed by Sinong Temple and put into the state treasury;
9. Shaofu Temple is also the institution in charge of the economy, but it is taxed by Guanshanze Salt Mine, and this part of the income goes to the emperor's private treasury.