The ancestors named Huang were a clan that worshipped yellow things, so they called themselves yellow people and yellow people. They first had the yellow concept and vocabulary, but there were no words to express this concept; And this "yellow man" who loves yellow things happens to love Peiyu, so they use the graphic symbols of Peiyu to represent their clan, which can reflect the characteristics of this clan. In this way, the word "yellow", which originally meant Pei Yu, was borrowed to represent yellow, becoming a symbol of yellow and a symbol of yellow people. With the evolution of history, the original meaning of yellow characters has long been history, but its borrowing meaning has been widely used by future generations.
The following details the sources of several Huang surnames:
First of all, it originated from Shao Hao's family. In the eastern part of ancient China, there were many primitive people who took birds as totems and lived in this vast area, which was called Dongyi in ancient books. Among them, nine clans are the most powerful, forming a tribal alliance group, which is called Jiuyi in history books. According to the chronological records of ancient bamboo books, these nine Yi people are Yi, Fang Yi, Bai, Chi, Xuan, Feng and Yang. Among them, Huang Yi is the oldest ethnic origin of Huang.
Huang Yi got this name because she worships yellow birds. Its birthplace is in the Xilamulun River basin at the source of the West Liaohe River, the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain. There are all kinds of birds living in the ancient Youzhou area south of Yanshan Mountain in ancient times, one of which is called oriole, the yellow bird in oriole. This yellow bird is not only small and elf, but also bright in color and crisp and pleasant in sound. The first paragraph of the poem Nan Zhou Ge Tan describes it like this: "Ge's sadness is painted in the middle of the valley, and the leaves are growing. The yellow bird comes and gathers in the bushes. It sings. " For the primitive ancestors who had been hunting in the mountains for a long time, this small and lively little yellow bird flew, jumped and sang in groups in the air forest, which brought natural humor and primitive pleasure to the ancestors. Their love for the yellow bird turned into respect, and later developed into worship, taking it as the patron saint and symbol of their own clan, thus becoming the totem of this clan. This clan is called the Yellow Bird Clan and the Huang Zu Clan, which is called Huang Yi, Huang Zu and Ren Huang for short, and has become a branch of Dongyi.
Where the yellow people live, the place names are mostly yellow. The Xilamulun River in the west source of Liaohe River was called Huangshui in ancient times and later changed to Huangshui. "Record of Jehol" Volume 71 Yellow River: "The book of the New Tang Dynasty originated in Huang Zi, and the history of Liao and Jin Dynasties was due to it." The original name of Qingyi Tongzhi is different from the West Yellow River, so it is called Yellow. Later, Ren Huang migrated from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia to the southeast, entered the Shandong Peninsula through Huangshan Mountain in the west of Qian 'an County, Hebei Province and Huangqiu in Shulu County, and joined Dongyi Group, becoming Huangyi, one of the nine Yi people. Today, there is an ancient imperial city in the southeast of Huangxian County in Shandong Province, Huangshan Mountain in the south of Yexian County, Huangshan Mountain in Xingbo County, Huangshan Mountain in Huangfu County and six miles southwest of Jinan. This area is where ancient Huang Yi lived.
In the Dongyi Group, the influence of the Huang people developed very rapidly and soon became a force in the Dongyi Group, so it was promoted to the leader of the tribal alliance. In the middle of barbarism, Jintian, Shao Hao of Fengyi clan was the leader of Dongyi tribal group. Huang Yi and Fengyi formed an in-laws clan, and later joined Shao Hao tribe. At that time, Dongyi people generally worshipped birds. Because the totem of Shao Hao clan, the leader of Dongyi ethnic group, is Phoenix, and Phoenix has become the king of birds and the god bird. Among the phoenix birds, there is a female bird named Huang (later written as Huang). This bird, like the yellow bird, is covered with bright yellow feathers, and the pronunciation of these two bird names is exactly the same. The Imperial Bird is the spouse of the Phoenix Bird, and it happens that Huang Yi is also the marriage family of Fengyi. With these similarities, similarities and similarities, the yellow race naturally replaced the ordinary little oriole, which was originally a clan totem, with the phoenix bird as the object of worship. In this way, the yellow bird became an emperor (phoenix) bird, and the totem of Huang Yi changed from oriole to golden phoenix.
When history entered the middle period of barbarism, around the time of the Yellow Emperor, when some members of the Oriental Yellow Tribe moved to the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, they all saw yellow: yellow plains, yellow mountains, and a Yellow River across the north of China, so people worshipped the earth and rivers and called it the Yellow River.
Because the yellow race moved to the Central Plains and used the color of oriole to refer to the color of the earth, there was a definition of "yellow, the color of the earth" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi.
After Huang people joined Dongyi Group, they formed a marriage clan relationship with Dongyi Group. Later, the tribes in Shao Hao became more and more powerful, and Shao Hao became the leader of the Dongyi tribe. In this way, Huang Yi was reduced to the subordinate clan of Shao Hao tribe, and the relationship with Shao Hao Phoenix tribe changed from marriage clan to father-son clan. Therefore, Huang Yi took Shao Hao as his ancestor. "Song Shi Xue Ji" said: Shao Hao was a water official from generation to generation, and was sealed in Fenchuan when he changed the order, and was later honored as the god of Fenshui. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the descendants of Taiqian established Shen, Yi, Huang and other countries, which were later destroyed by Jin. Among them, the descendants of the Huang family took the country as their surname and became a branch of the Huang family, and Huang Yuan of the State of Jin was their descendants.
Shao Hao, born in the era of the Yellow Emperor, is a legendary mythical figure. There are different records about his deeds in various ancient books. Just his name, there are many different ways of writing in various ancient books, such as Shao Hao, Shao Hao, Shao Gao, Shao Ai, Bian, Shao Fu, Shao Hui and so on.
According to Zuo Zhuan and Ming Taizu Ji, his real name is Zhi. His mother, the emperor's century, said it was "Women's Day" and "Notes Collection" said it was "Huang E". Life in the Spring, Autumn and Yuan Dynasties: During the reign of the Yellow Emperor, a big star, like a rainbow, flowed down Zhu Hua (now southeast of Yanshan Mountain in Hebei Province). In the dream, Nu Wa had hallucinations, thinking that this huge meteor had landed on her, so she gave birth to Shao Hao. There is even a magical and lingering narrative in the first volume of Notes on Collecting Wind: Huang E swims in the Xuan Palace at night or in the fork tree at day. When she came to the vast poor sanchi, she met a child prodigy. His appearance was absolutely beautiful. He claimed to be the son of Bai Di, that is, the essence of White Star. The beautiful young man incarnated as a white star and descended into boundless water. It was love at first sight when he met oriole. Di Zi and the oriole sat side by side, stroking Tong Feng's guzheng, and the oriole sang songs according to the musical instruments, and the son answered the songs. From then on, I played with oriole and forgot to return. After enjoying a romantic life, oriole got pregnant and later gave birth to a son named Zhi. Born in poor mulberry, he was also named "poor mulberry" or "Sancho's". This is Huang's ancestor.
When Zhi grew up, he became the leader of Dongyi people, birds and tribes. Later, the clan developed and became the leader of the Dongyi tribal alliance. He moved to Qufu from poor mulberry (now Qufu, Shandong Province).
Shao Hao is a clan with birds as its totem. In the Seventeen Years of Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong, Tan Zi talked about the seal of the ancient clan: "My great-grandfather, who was too humble and stood firm, took birds as his training and took birds as his name." That is to say, on the day when Shao Hao ascended the throne, there was a strong wind blowing in the court. Shao Hao's family thought it was auspicious, so they took the phoenix bird as their god, the phoenix bird as their totem, and the bird as their name for each clan, calling their clan "the phoenix bird clan". There is also a passage similar to this in the Collection of Notes: "E was born in, nicknamed Poor Sang's and Jin Tianyi's. Once upon a time, there were five phoenixes who gathered in the imperial court according to their colors, so they were called phoenix birds. "
Shao Hao's achievements are recorded in Zuo Zhuan's Seventeen Years of Zhao Gong: "Phoenix bird is a teacher, Xuan bird is a teacher, Zhao Bo is a teacher, Blue bird is a teacher, Dan bird is a teacher, and he is also ... a sharp weapon, a positive test, and a foreigner." The surname of Phoenix Bird is an official in charge of astronomical calendar. Xuanniao is an official in charge of vernal equinox and autumnal equinox; Zhao Bo is the official in charge of summer solstice and winter solstice; Jade Bird is the official in charge of Changsha and beginning of spring; Danniao's family is an official in charge of beginning of winter and beginning of autumn ... to improve the instruments, unify the scales and let the people get an average. This passage records Shao Hao's achievements in surveying astronomical phenomena, making calendars, developing production and establishing system standards. Among the five kinds of bird houses, four points, four fingers, four qi and four passes, compared with four points (vernal equinox and autumnal equinox), four fingers (summer and winter), four qi (long summer in beginning of spring in the first half of the year) and four passes (beginning of autumn in beginning of winter in the second half of the year), the bird-rich family is the main body to observe the time and determine the calendar, so the cloud "abundant bird calendar is correct". This is Shao Hao's greatest achievement. The postscript to The History of Tao also said that Shao Hao was the earliest tribe in ancient China to determine the stars. It used to be that "there are eight nights in twenty lines", and Beichen was also listed as the most distinguished star. Later generations defined tribal areas by the stars and people by the stars, all of which originated from this. Shao Hao's family is also a family that can compose music. Historically, Shao Hao once had a fun, which was called nine yuan.
In addition, a large number of myths and legends describe Shao Hao's great achievements in measuring astronomical phenomena and making calendars in various magical ways. "Imperial Century" said that Shao Hao was the leader of the Dongyi Tribal Alliance and died a hundred years later.