The efficacy of red wine is the same, provided that the grape juice is 65,438+0,000%. The difference between cheap red wine and expensive red wine is that in some countries, such as France, red wine has a grading system of 65,438+0,855, and the wine in a five-level winery is more expensive than other wines. Red wine also has a grading reception every year. The higher the score, the more expensive it is, and vice versa. There is no difference between good and bad, only the difference in taste!
How to identify the quality of red wine?
1. Watch wine (preferably on a white background)
Look straight at the top of the glass to see if the wine is clear. If it is turbid, it is not good.
Shake the glass horizontally from the right side of the glass to see the speed at which the wine flows evenly from the glass wall. The stronger the wine, the slower the flow and the better the quality of the wine.
When the glass is tilted at an angle of 45 degrees, there is a layer of water at the junction between the wine and the glass wall. The wider the wine, the higher the alcohol content. Different colors can appear at the junction of water body and wine body, thus showing the year of wine. Blue and lavender = 3-5 years old. Red brick color = 5-6 years. Amber = 8- 10 year. Orange means it has expired.
2。 Smell wine
You'd better take a breath of fresh air outside before smelling the wine.
Tilt the glass at a 45-degree angle, put the tip of your nose into the glass and smell the original smell of the wine. This soft wine still smells of fruit. Tibetan wine has a compound flavor.
After shaking the glass, quickly smell the smell released by the wine to see if it is stable compared with the original smell.
3。 Taste wine
Take a sip and spin it in your mouth. If the tannin content in wine is high, your mouth will feel dry, because tannin has astringent effect, which shows that the wine is not fully mature. It is best to achieve a balance of sour-sweet-bitter-salty taste.
After spitting or swallowing wine, see how the fragrance stays in your mouth.
The first is the knowledge of cork. The ideal state of cork should be that only the bottom is wet and the other parts remain dry. Corks that are too dry or too wet indicate that air has entered the wine and affected the quality of the wine. Ideally, the bottom of the cork should be wet, while the rest should be dry. In addition, if the wet part of the cork has sour taste or bad taste, it means that the bottle of wine may have been opened.
Second, check the "color"; That is, before tasting wine, pour a small amount of wine into the cup and observe the color of the wine. The color of wine, whether white wine or red wine, should be clear. Some red wines are darker in color, but not turbid. At the same time, the chromaticity of color is also very important, just like purple is usually a lighter wine, crimson is a more mature wine, and brick red or brown represents a more mature wine age. Generally speaking, whether it is white wine or red wine, the darker the color, the better the quality.
Most people who don't understand alcohol shake their glasses when drinking, but I don't know why. In fact, this is the basic action of wine tasting. Good wine, especially red wine, will leave traces of wine after being shaken gently. Shake the glass gently, let the wine swirl around the glass, then hold the glass steady and let the wine slide down from the glass wall. If the wine slides down slowly, leaving clear wine marks, it means that the quality of the wine is good.
Another purpose of gently shaking the glass is to let the aroma of the wine emanate, so that the sommelier can judge the quality of the wine through the process of "smelling the wine". Ordinary people's sense of smell can distinguish 100 different smells. Close to the glass and take a deep breath. A good wine will have its special aroma. When tasting wine, the aroma of wine is a very good indicator. The smell of good red wine is more complicated, and it will not be mixed with unpleasant smell or strange smell. People who are good at this can even tell from the process of smelling wine, including oak barrels, black cherries, violets, nutmeg, or other different flavors.
After such steps and simple exercises, can you tell whether the wine in your mouth is sweet or astringent? Is it fruity? What does it taste like after drinking? Of course, if you really want to brew good wine, you still have to try to compare various wines and absorb relevant information before you can be good at it. At the same time, with the accumulation of experience, a person will have different views on the same wine.
But wine tasting is a very personal experience after all, and the quality of a bottle of wine depends more or less on everyone's preferences. So sommeliers often have different opinions on the evaluation of a bottle of wine, but the only constant knowledge is that the process of learning and tasting is full of fun and endless attraction!
Five basic steps of wine tasting: color, shake, smell, taste and aftertaste.
(1) color.
Depending on the color of the wine, it is best to have a white background and put the glass in front. Of course, the color range depends on whether you taste white wine or red wine. The following are the colors of two wines: white wine has light yellow green, grass yellow, golden yellow, golden yellow, dark gold, madeira wine color and brown; Red wine includes purple, ruby, medicinal brick red, reddish brown and brown. Color will tell you a lot about wine, such as white wine, the older it gets, the deeper it gets. On the contrary, >>
How to distinguish the quality of red wine by color?
It is almost impossible to distinguish the quality of red wine just by color. Wine color can provide more basis for judging wine age; At first, red wine was purple, and its maturity changed to ruby, brick red, and finally brown. For example, it would be a big mistake to rely on the year of red wine to decide; 1970 lafite wine was evaluated as a rare good wine with strong tannins; However, 1982 Lafite wine is not optimistic because of its insufficient tannin. On the contrary, 1970 Lafite has become strong and astringent after years of aging, making it difficult to import. However, 1982 Lafite wine, like an athlete with unlimited energy, releases more tannins than before. Storing red wine is like predicting horse racing; This is also the charm of red wine!
How to distinguish the quality of red wine from its appearance
Foreign red wine, if it is 198 1, indicates the year. Domestic red wine is generally of similar model, which is of little significance. You can look at the bar code at the back. Starting with 400 ~ 440, it means German, and 690~695 means Chinese mainland.
How to tell the quality of red wine?
A simple method to identify the quality of red wine;
Drop a small amount of red wine on a white paper towel and observe the traces left by the red wine after being absorbed by the paper towel. If there are no traces of red, the wine will be more pure. If you see that the color of the wine trace is light but uniform, it means that the wine is not pure enough. If there is blush in the middle, which is light or colorless, it is possible to participate in fraud.
How to distinguish red wine from its aroma? Aroma analysis is an essential part of wine tasting.
When analyzing the aroma of wine, the following steps are usually needed:
Pour 1/3 volume of wine into the cup for the first time, and analyze the aroma of wine at rest. Breathe in the air in the glass slowly when you smell the fragrance. In the meantime, it should be noted that when lifting the glass, you should try to avoid shaking, and your nostrils should be close to the liquid level to smell the fragrance. The first time I smelled the fragrance, it was very weak, because I only smelled the most diffuse part of the fragrance. Therefore, the results of the first smell can not be used as the main basis for evaluating the aroma of wine.
After the first smell, shake the wine glass to make the wine move in a circular motion to promote the release of volatile substances of the second smell. The second aroma includes two stages: the first stage is to smell the aroma immediately after the "disk" with static liquid level is destroyed. This shaking can improve the contact surface between wine and air, thus promoting the release of aroma substances. The second stage is to shake and smell the aroma. The circular motion of the wine makes the stem in the wine glass wet, and fills the upper part with volatile substances, making its aroma the strongest and most elegant.
Good wine is not only balanced in taste, but also pleasant in aroma, rich and rare, with both personality and style. In the process of smelling the aroma for the second time, we also need to pay attention to the concentration of wine aroma. If the aroma is rich and complete, it means that the wine is mellow; On the other hand, if the aroma is light, or there is no aroma, it is light, tasteless and light.
1, color: depending on the color of the wine, it is best to have a white background-napkin or linen tablecloth-and put the glass in front. The colors of red wine are: purple, ruby, red, brick red, reddish brown and brown. Color will tell you a lot about wine. For example, red wine will lose its color after aging. There are basically several reasons why the colors of red wine are different from each other:
Its age.
Different grape varieties have different colors.
This wine is aged in wooden barrels.
2. Shake: Why shake the wine? In order to let oxygen into the wine. The shaking will release vinegar, ether and acetaldehyde, which will react with oxygen and make the wine fragrant. Everyone is good at shaking wine. You can do it in any way you want-with your left hand, right hand and fingers. ...
3. Smell the wine: Now that you have shaken the wine to release the aroma, what does the wine smell like? What kind of fragrance does it have? Accurately pointing out the meaning behind the smell of wine is to enable you to identify some characteristics of wine. The following adjectives are often used to describe the smell of wine: sour, stale, aromatic, insipid, astringent, fresh, rich, warm, bitter, attractive grape, burnt, green, sulfur, faint, faint, clear, mature, metallic, vanilla, cork, musty.
4. wine tasting: for most people, wine tasting means taking a sip of wine and swallowing it quickly, but in fact it is not called wine tasting. Wine tasting is related to the taste buds of the tongue. Taste buds are all around the mouth, on both sides of the tongue, on the back of the tongue and on the tip of the tongue, and extend to the bottom of the larynx. If you drink like most people, you will ignore all those important taste buds. There is a proverb in the wine industry: "Buy wine with apples; It's cool to sell wine with milk. Apples will show the defects in wine, while cheese will tend to soften the smell of wine and leave you a more pleasant taste. What should I think of when tasting wine? Pay attention to the most important taste sensations and their positions on the tongue. You can only feel four flavors-sweet, sour, bitter and salty-but you can smell more than 200 different smells.
5. Aftertaste: When you have a chance to taste wine, sit for a while and savor the wine. Think about your experience just now, and then ask yourself the following questions to help you deepen your impression. This wine:
Light, medium rich or rich?
Is the tannin too strong or too astringent? Have a good time? Still no tannins?
How long does the aftertaste last?
The most important thing is whether you like this bottle of wine or not.
Is the price worth it?
This is another extension ... >>
How to distinguish between good wine and bad wine and how to distinguish between good and bad years
Judging from the nutritional value of wine, the proportion of vitamin B, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid and benzoic acid in dry red is higher than that in dry white. From the perspective of taste appreciation period, because dry white is brewed only with fruit juice, the tannin content is relatively low, while dry red is brewed with peel, pulp and fruit juice, and the tannin content is relatively high, so generally speaking, dry red is more stable than dry white and has a longer taste appreciation period. Judging from the influence of drinking temperature, dry red is also more operable. According to practical experience, we all know that the best effect can be obtained by tasting red wine at the temperature of 16 to 18 degrees Celsius. As for dry white, it is best to taste it in a cool state, that is, 8 to 10 degrees Celsius, at which time you can better taste its flavor. Comparing the two, the advantages and disadvantages are clear at a glance. Judging from the appreciation of wine, the color of wine is also one of the factors that may lead to its popularity. In any case, the visual enjoyment of red, especially the classic deep ruby red of Changyu Jiebaina Dry Red, is far from the almost colorless dry white. In fact, the sense of * * * is very important to please people with taste.
Look from the color:
Red wine is fermented from grapes with red skin and white meat or red skin and red meat. The wine contains colored substances in the peel or pulp, which makes it a red wine. The color of this kind of wine is generally deep ruby red, ruby red, purple red, deep red, brown red and so on.
White wine is made from grapes with white skin and white meat or red skin and white meat by peeling and fermentation. The color of this kind of wine is mainly yellow, mainly colorless, light yellow with green, light yellow, straw yellow, golden yellow and so on.
Pink wine is made from colored grapes by partial leaching and fermentation of colored substances. Its color is between red wine and white wine, mainly pink, light red and light rose red. How to choose a good bottle of red wine, the first requirement is smooth taste, what kind of taste is smoother, depending on personal preferences, tasting red wine is a very profound knowledge, learning wine tasting takes a long time of research and tempering, and learning to recognize wine is a relatively simple matter.
How to identify wine? Learn to read the label on the bottle first. The label of wine is also called "etiquette" (French, meaning license), just like a resume. Just as there is a saying among people who know wine, "Just look at the label to know its taste", the label does reveal the information of the taste (characteristics) of wine. "There are many patterns on the label. What are you writing? I really want to know ... "Generally, the label will indicate: grape harvest year, wine name (named after the place of origin or winery), place of origin or place of origin, manor name, producer (winemaker) name, capacity, alcohol concentration, etc. According to the designer's design, there are various styles of labels, so the data is written in different locations.
The year of harvest → the weather of that year will affect the quality of grape harvest. The quality of a bottle of wine depends on the geological conditions of the producing area, the legal name of A.O.C. → A.O.C., the wine in the castle →Mis En Boteille Au Chateau, the signature of the winemaker → the further guarantee of wine quality.
Seeing high-quality red wine should be full of luster, transparent and attractive; If the color is dark and turbid, it means that the quality of this red wine is not high.
If you smell red wine made from high-quality grapes, you should be able to smell the fruity aroma of grapes when you taste red wine. You can imagine whether red wine is made from black or red fruit, and you will feel its depth and complexity, because often red wine is made from more than one kind of grapes.
You should shake the red wine with a goblet, so as to ensure that when you want to slowly "shake" the wine in the glass, it will show its characteristics, just like the soup cooked in a stirring pot, and make it smell delicious.
Color and fragrance are both sensory feelings, and the texture, taste and level of red wine can only be felt by real entrance; When high-quality red wine stays in your mouth, it should feel smooth, slowly feel its mellow, and then the taste will be enriched; The smell of wine will make you feel aftertaste, and it will linger in your mouth for a long time.
E stands for special, V stands for extraordinary, S stands for super, X stands for extra, F stands for good, O stands for old, and P stands for pale ...>& gt
How to tell the quality of red wine?
The easiest way to tell whether red wine is good or bad:
Drop a small amount of red wine on a white paper towel and observe the traces left by the red wine after being absorbed by the paper towel. If there are no traces of red, the wine will be more pure. If you see that the color of the wine trace is light but uniform, it means that the wine is not pure enough. If there is blush in the middle, which is light or colorless, it is possible to participate in fraud.
Professional wine identification:
The first step is to look at the appearance of the bottle.
See if the bottle label is clearly printed? Is it fake or copied?
See if there is anything wrong with the bottle cap. Is there any sign of being opened?
See if the international bar code on the label on the back of the bottle starts with three words: the French international code is 3.
Step two, look at the wine.
See if the color of wine is unnatural?
See if there is any unknown suspended matter on the wine. (Note: A little precipitation at the bottom of the bottle is a normal crystal)
When the wine goes bad, the color becomes cloudy.
The third step is to look at the logo of the wine stopper.
Open the bottle and see if the words on the wooden wine stopper are the same as those on the bottle label. In France, wine bottles and wine stoppers are special.
Step four, smell the wine.
If wine smells like nail polish, it will go bad.
Step five, taste the wine.
After drinking the first sip of wine, when the wine passes through the throat, the normal wine is smooth, while the problem wine has a sense of * * *.
It is not normal for the smell left in the mouth to have a chemical smell or a foul smell after swallowing wine.
Good wine should be refreshing to drink.
How to tell the quality of dry red wine?
1. Observe its color-pour the wine into the goblet, hold the foot of the goblet and observe its color.
2. Smell its fragrance-gently shake the glass to release the fragrance and smell its fragrance.
3. Taste-take a sip, let the wine dissolve on the tip of the tongue, and feel its taste and sweetness.
1. Sight (vision): Shake the glass and observe its slowly flowing feet (legs or tears); Tilt the glass at 45 degrees and observe the color and liquid edge of the wine (ideal in natural light). This step can judge the maturity of wine. Generally speaking, liquor is colorless when it is young, but with the increase of aging time, the color will gradually reflect from light yellow to slightly green; To mature straw color, golden yellow, and finally become gold and copper color. If it turns into gold and copper, it means it is too valuable to drink.
Red wine, on the other hand, will fade with time. When I was young, it was dark red with purple, then it gradually turned into positive red or cherry red, then red with orange or brick red, and finally reddish brown.
2. Smell: After shaking the wine, put your nose deep into the cup and take a deep breath for at least 2 seconds. Repeat this action, distinguish various smells, and analyze the aroma of wine from three aspects as much as possible:
Strength: weak, medium, obvious, strong and extremely strong.
Quality: simple, complex or pleasant, disgusting.
Characteristics: fruity, coquettish, botanical, mineral and spice.
How to identify the quality and year of red wine?
Distinguish between good and bad.
1. In terms of color, the wine body is slightly reflective under strong light, and the quality wine is clear and transparent without turbidity and precipitation. High-quality wine should be close to the true color of the original variety of fruit. White wine should be light yellow with green or straw yellow and golden yellow. Generally, it is crystal clear, ice white and full of luster. Anything spotted brown indicates poor quality. Red wine should be red, purplish red or pomegranate red, while aged red wine is ruby red, blood red or dark red, which is generally ruddy, bright and crystal clear. Where the liquid level is dark brown, the quality is poor. 2. On the bouquet, open it and smell it. High-quality wine should have a pleasant aroma of grapes and a rich and fragrant bouquet. Fruit aroma comes from the natural aroma of varieties, and wine aroma is formed in the process of brewing and storage. The longer the aging time, the stronger and more lasting the wine aroma, and the more lasting the mellow fragrance. 3, drink in the mouth, dry white wine should be fresh, refreshing and pure. However, dry red is dry, mellow, long and round, with a balanced and even taste. If it is mixed with typical taste, the quality is not good. 4. From the packaging point of view, check whether the cork is inserted in the bottle mouth normally. If the bulge is obvious or the bottle has abnormal mucus, it means that it has been damaged during transportation and storage, and the quality of wine will be affected.
Identify the year
1 The easiest way is to see that the darker the wine is, the longer it will be, and the lighter the wine will be. Wine with obvious wine smell after opening is inferior. Short-flavored wine is sweet and sour, while rich and heavy wine belongs to a relatively long age. 3 wine with a longer age is not necessarily good. The wine produced in 1982 is recognized as better according to the quality and origin of the grapes brewed in that year, because the color of the grapes in that year will not be reached for many years to come.