How to do a good job in construction technical disclosure

Zheng Ming, Shanghai Engineering Office

Technical disclosure (also known as work instructions) is extremely important for construction companies

An important piece of technical management work, its purpose is to enable all managers and operators to understand the characteristics, design

intentions, technical requirements, and construction of the work they undertake. process and issues that should be paid attention to, and effectively implement all the contents in the disclosure during construction to achieve the purpose of improving construction quality. According to the difficulty, scale and other conditions of project construction

, technical disclosures within the scope of construction personnel at different levels are divided

For design disclosures, the chief engineer of the unit reports to the technical team of the project department. The technical explanation of the construction plan of the person in charge

, the technical explanation of the construction plan of the project department to the project functional department personnel

, and the technical explanation to the operation

Technical briefing conducted by the squad leader and workers.

In recent years, the management work of Lugong has developed rapidly, and the project method construction

has been widely adopted, but technical communication work is regarded as the basic management work

, not only has it not been canceled or weakened, but it has been strengthened, and the requirements are stricter and more specific. Its role in construction is irreplaceable. According to the author's investigation of various regions, units and project departments of the Secret Bureau. Regarding

this work has inconsistent understanding, good and bad, good and bad, especially

it is the technical briefing by the supervisor engineer to the work team leader and workers,

In terms of form, the content of the disclosure is not targeted, and is even plagiarized repeatedly.

In response to this problem, combined with my actual work in the past few years, I will talk about how to do a good job in explaining construction technology: ．

1 Technical briefing is clear and precise

Construction projects are characterized by construction complexity, continuity and variability,

as well as product unity, which requires The project management work of our Lugong Enterprise

is complex, continuous and changeable, which requires strengthening the management of technical communication during construction. For everyone involved in project construction and management, through technical briefing,

understand the specific work of the sub-projects they want to complete

Contents, operating methods, construction techniques, quality standards and safety precautions

etc., so that operators have clear tasks, are well aware of them, and cooperate with each other and work procedures

The handover is in an orderly manner to achieve orderly construction

to reduce various common quality problems and improve construction quality.

2 Requirements for construction technology disclosure

2.1 Requirements for construction technology disclosure

(1) Engineering construction technology disclosure must comply with the current construction

Corresponding regulations for project construction and acceptance specifications, technical operating procedures (Yt project process standards

), and quality inspection and assessment standards. At the same time, it also

should comply with the relevant regulations formulated by the industry, as well as the specific local policies and regulations of the province, city (district)

where it is located.

(2) The technical disclosure of engineering work must comply with various national

technical standards and enterprise internal standards. Especially the mandatory provisions of engineering construction standards

.

(3) The technical disclosure should also comply with and implement the technical requirements in the design and construction drawings

, especially when the technical requirements in the design drawings

When the technical standards are higher than the corresponding requirements of the national engineering and acceptance specifications

, more detailed explanations and explanations should be made.

(4) It should conform to and reflect the intentions

and specific requirements in the technical briefing at the previous level.

(5) All requirements of the construction organization design or construction plan

should be met and implemented, including technical measures and construction schedule requirements.

(6) For construction personnel at different levels, the depth and level of technical understanding

are different. That is to say, the in-depth description and method of explaining the information to different personnel should be targeted.

(7) The technical explanation should be comprehensive, clear, and highlight the key points. It should

explain in detail how to do it and what standards to implement. The technical requirements are as follows:

Feed , construction technology, quality standards and safety precautions should be specified in

items and cannot be vague.

(8) New technologies, new processes, and new materials used in construction should be explained in detail, and specific details such as how to make samples

Appropriate.

2.2 Contents of construction technical disclosure

(1) The chief engineer of the construction unit shall report to the project manager and project director

The contents of construction technical disclosure include the following: Aspects:

① Project overview and various technical and economic indicators and requirements.

② Main construction methods, key construction technologies and problems in implementation

⑧ Technical processing details of special engineering parts and matters needing attention

.

④ "Four New" technical requirements, implementation plans and precautions

items

⑤ Construction organization design. Network planning, schedule requirements, construction deployment, construction machinery, labor arrangement and organization.

⑥ The cooperative relationship between the general contractor and subcontracting units

and the handling of related issues

⑦ Construction quality standards and safety technologies, adopting this Standardized operations such as construction methods implemented by the unit

(2) The project chief engineer’s technical explanation to the quality inspector, safety officer, foreman

includes the following aspects:

① Project overview and local topography, landforms, engineering geology and

various technical and economic indicators.

② The specific requirements of the design drawings, the methods and the difficulty of the work

.

③ Specific requirements for construction organization design or construction plan and

its implementation steps and methods.

④ What are the specific practices during construction, what process standards are used, and

which construction methods does the enterprise use; key parts and what may be encountered during the implementation process

Problems and solutions

⑥ Construction progress requirements, process overlap, construction deployment and implementation

Determination of work team tasks;

⑥ Main materials used in construction Issues related to the model and quantity of construction machinery

and their entry time, as well as the arrangement of operating procedures.

⑦ New process and other relevant operating procedures, technical regulations and precautions

matters.

⑧ Construction quality standards and specific safety technology measures and

precautions.

(3) The following aspects should be added to the technical explanation of each work shift and workers:

① Each work shift is responsible for construction The specific technical requirements of the sub-projects

and the construction process standards or internal work methods of the enterprise

③ The construction quality of each sub-project standard.

③ Prevention methods of common quality problems and precautions

④ Attached is a detailed construction safety briefing.

3 Key points in the construction technical disclosure of building sub-projects

The content of technical disclosure should be in accordance with the specific requirements of the sub-projects and based on the technical requirements of the design drawings. Requirements and construction and acceptance

Specific provisions of the specifications, according to the specific characteristics of different types of work,

Technical briefings with different contents and focuses

3.1 Earthwork Engineering

The nature and characteristics of foundation soil; the location and protection methods of various stakes

; the range and depth of excavation and filling, the requirements for slopes, and return

Compaction methods such as filling and lime soil and requirements for bulk density and other indicators; underground

water or surface water removal and treatment methods; tamping technology and operating procedures

relevant regulations and safety technical measures.

3.2 Masonry project

Masonry location; axis position; horizontal elevation of each floor; door and window opening

position; wall thickness and wall thickness Changes; mortar strength grade, mortar mix ratio, number of mortar test block groups and maintenance; locations, quantities and specifications of each reserved hole

and each professional embedded part , size; different

Quality requirements for raw materials such as bricks and stones at different locations and elevations; masonry group

Masonry methods and quality standards; prevention methods for common quality problems, safety precautions

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Matters, etc.

3.3 Formwork Engineering

The axis and horizontal position of various reinforced concrete components. Standard

Height, cross-sectional form and geometric dimensions; formwork plan and technical requirements;

Specific technical requirements for the strength and stability of the support system; when removing the formwork

Space; the location, elevation, size, quantity and preparation of embedded parts and reserved holes

Methods to prevent their displacement; technical requirements and treatment methods for special parts

;Quality standards, preventive measures for common quality problems, and safety technical measures

.

3 4 Steel Bar Engineering

Types, models, diameters, number of steel bars, connection methods and technical requirements in all components; prevent steel bar displacement and Technical measures to ensure steel bar protection

Coating thickness; methods and procedures for steel bar replacement;

Technical treatment of special parts; related operations. Especially for high-altitude operations

Precautions {quality standards and preventive measures for common quality problems, safety technical measures and precautions

3.5 Concrete Engineering

Types, technical regulations and quality standards of cement, sand, stone, admixtures, water and other raw materials; different parts Types and strength levels of concrete at different elevations; control of its mix ratio, water-cement ratio, slump

and corresponding technical measures; technical regulations on mixing, transportation, and vibration

and requirements; concrete pouring methods and sequences, concrete curing methods

methods; locations and quantities of construction joints and corresponding technical measures

, specific requirements of specifications; technical measures for temperature control in mass concrete construction

; technical details and implementation methods of technical measures for anti-camp concrete footings; concrete test block retention locations and quantity and

maintenance; specific technical measures to prevent the displacement of various embedded parts and reserved holes, especially the displacement of anchor bolts of mechanical equipment, are proposed during construction

Specific requirements; quality standards and prevention methods for common quality problems (because quality problems in concrete projects are generally serious, they should be addressed at the end of technical exchanges

Pay attention to). Concrete construction safety technical measures and savings

measures.

3.6 Scaffolding project

The types, models, quantities, specifications and quality of materials used

Standards; the erection of special external scaffolding must comply with national engineering standards

Relevant requirements for mandatory provisions of construction standards. Fulfill relevant review procedures

; technical requirements for shelf erection methods, strength and stability (must

meet firm and reliable requirements); technical measures for raising shelves layer by layer

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and requirements; verticality and settlement deformation requirements of shelf poles; self-inspection of shelf construction workers

and special inspection by the layer-by-layer safety inspection department.

Important parts of the shelf, such as the assembly and installation technology of the lower-braced steel frame

Technical requirements and inspection methods; the connection methods and requirements of the shelf and the building

Request; shelf removal method and sequence and precautions; shelf engineering

Quality standards and safety precautions.

3.7 Structural hoisting project

Model, weight, quantity, quantity, and location of hoisting points of components required to be hoisted in various parts of the building} Hoisting equipment technology Performance} Relevant rope specifications

operating routes, hoisting equipment operation routes, hoisting sequences and hoisting methods; hoisting

erection contact signals, labor organization, command and coordination; hoisting festivals

Point connection method; connection sequence and connection of hoisting component support system

Method; overall stability technical measures during hoisting of hoisting components such as prestressed reinforced concrete roof trusses

; Contact the Municipal Power Supply Bureau for power supply

Electricity situation f Hoisting operation precautions Standards for misalignment of hoisting components and preventive measures for common quality problems; Technical measures for safety of hoisting components.

3.8 Steel structure engineering

Steel structure model, weight, quantity, geometric dimensions, plane position

Location and elevation, and various types of steel materials , type, specification, connection method

and technical measures}Welding equipment specifications and operating precautions, welding

process and its technical standards, technical measures, weld form, location and

Quality standards; assembly process flow operations from component cutting to assembly

Sequence; steel structure quality standards and preventive measures for common quality defects, construction

Safety technical measures

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3.9 Floor and floor engineering

Floor and floor types, engineering methods and technical requirements for each part,

Construction sequence, quality standards; salary-type floor or special Construction technology required by specific industries (such as

radio and television, light industry electronics, etc.); floor

ground quality standards and technologies adopted to ensure project quality standards

Measures.

3.1O Roofing and waterproofing projects

Structure, form, and types of roofing and waterproofing projects, waterproofing materials

Material models, types, technical performance, and characteristics , quality standards and precautions

items; types and mix ratios, apparent density

of insulation layers and waterproof materials, thickness, operating techniques, grassroots practices and basic technical requirements ,

Methods and operation requirements for paving or painting; various node treatment methods

Methods} Processing and requirements for water-stopping technology in anti-seepage concrete projects; operation experience

Process protection and anti-virus and safety precautions.

3.11 Decoration project

Types, levels, practices and requirements, quality of decoration of various parts

Standards, technical measures for product protection; new decoration materials and There are special

crafts and decoration requirements for the craftsmanship and operation steps, and the relevant processes

should be contacted and coordinated with each other; safety technical measures, special

Especially safety measures for high-altitude work in exterior decoration.

4 Issues that should be paid attention to in technical disclosure of construction projects

(1) Technical disclosure should strictly implement construction and acceptance specifications

Regulations, construction and acceptance The requirements in specifications and procedures, especially

quality standards, may not be modified or deleted arbitrarily. Technical disclosures should also meet

the relevant requirements for construction organization design, and should understand and understand the technical requirements put forward in technical documents such as technical disclosures at the higher level

and should not be ignored

Intentional violation of relevant provisions in the document. Disclosure of meetings held by the company

Detailed minutes should be kept, including the names of the participants,

the date, the content of the meeting and the technical decisions made at the meeting. Meeting minutes

should be complete and should not be lost or torn arbitrarily. They should be archived and stored as technical meeting documents

for a long time. All written technical disclosures should be reviewed

and a manuscript should be left with neat and clear handwriting and correct data citations.

The issuer, reviewer, and recipient of the face-to-face disclosure should all sign and seal.

) A construction project is composed of multiple sub-projects

each of which is equally important to the entire building

Importantly, the technical briefing for each sub-project should

be comprehensive, careful and thorough. For sub-projects that are large in area, large in quantity, and have high economic benefits, a more detailed technical explanation must be conducted; compared to projects that are sporadic, special locations, hidden projects, or have low economic benefits. The sub-projects of

should also carry out technical explanations equally seriously. Conduct detailed technical explanations for important

structures and parts with heavy loads, but also

minor structural parts, such as prefabricated beams, etc., should not be ignored, and these

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The parts are prone to quality accidents and safety accidents. Some project departments only pay attention to the main structure during technical briefing and do not pay enough attention to waterproofing and decoration projects. Their performance is obvious during technical briefing. Therefore, these projects

The main structure is relatively good, but the waterproofing and decoration quality of the building are relatively poor. This is especially obvious when constructing civil buildings, which makes the enterprise very

passive. No greater advantage can be formed in the market.

(3) During the technical briefing, special attention should be paid to the company's current

common construction quality problems and work-related injuries, so as to nip them in the bud and

Project quality accidents and casualty accidents are nipped in the bud.

Possible quality accidents and casualties should be prevented during technical disclosure

Accidents should be made to make technical disclosure comprehensive, thoughtful and complete. And

the technical explanation should be carried out as early as possible, so that grassroots technical personnel and workers have sufficient

time to digest and understand the relevant technical issues in the technical explanation, and be prepared as early as possible

, so that construction personnel can be well aware of the construction tasks in order to complete the construction tasks

(4) Supervision and inspection of technical explanation work. Technology at all levels

Managers should not assume that everything will be fine if they have already conducted oral or written technical communication

Generally speaking, this is just a communication work

At the beginning of the disclosure, a lot of work is to supervise and inspect the effectiveness of the disclosure. During the construction process, grassroots technicians should be reminded repeatedly

Specific construction operation parts have been strengthened or prompted to meet the relevant requirements in technical briefings, the "three inspection system" has been strengthened, inspections during the construction process have been strengthened, and intermediate acceptance of the project has been strictly enforced. It has been found that Problems

Solve them promptly to avoid quality accidents or rework waste.

(5) The implementation of technical disclosure can take a variety of forms

so that every worker is familiar with and understands the specific

details and Require. For example, before the construction of a sub-project, the relevant content in the technical briefing can be hung on the wall in the form of a blackboard report.

Before and after work, arrange work and assign tasks again.

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For new technologies, new processes, and new structures, ask experienced workers from outside units or the company to perform technical demonstrations, or provide sample demonstrations. Understand the operating steps and be aware of them

to avoid various quality or safety accidents

(6) Technical briefing is an important part of construction management and is

An essential step in the construction technology management process. It is extremely wrong to believe that

technical briefings are old-fashioned and old-fashioned. They only read out the text and become formal

. After the briefings are given, they are not carefully supervised and inspected. Some

people think that this is not a new process or new structure, and that the construction workers are all old

workers, so they simplify the disclosure content, or even do not disclose the details and do not check

Some people think that there is nothing to explain about painting, door and window projects, etc., which will not affect structural safety, and they adopt a careless attitude towards technical explanations.

For some relatively sporadic types of work, such as embedded parts, ironwork, etc., no disclosure, no questioning, no inspection.

The above are common and extremely wrong. They are the main reasons for quality accidents.

Seriously doing a good job in engineering construction technology is to ensure that the work is completed

The prerequisite for project quality and on-schedule completion of project tasks. It is a job responsibility that every construction technician must perform.