How to do a good job in construction technical disclosure
Zheng Ming, Shanghai Engineering Office
Technical disclosure (also known as work instructions) is extremely important for construction companies
An important piece of technical management work, its purpose is to enable all managers and operators to understand the characteristics, design
intentions, technical requirements, and construction of the work they undertake. process and issues that should be paid attention to, and effectively implement all the contents in the disclosure during construction to achieve the purpose of improving construction quality. According to the difficulty, scale and other conditions of project construction
, technical disclosures within the scope of construction personnel at different levels are divided
For design disclosures, the chief engineer of the unit reports to the technical team of the project department. The technical explanation of the construction plan of the person in charge
, the technical explanation of the construction plan of the project department to the project functional department personnel
, and the technical explanation to the operation
Technical briefing conducted by the squad leader and workers.
In recent years, the management work of Lugong has developed rapidly, and the project method construction
has been widely adopted, but technical communication work is regarded as the basic management work
, not only has it not been canceled or weakened, but it has been strengthened, and the requirements are stricter and more specific. Its role in construction is irreplaceable. According to the author's investigation of various regions, units and project departments of the Secret Bureau. Regarding
this work has inconsistent understanding, good and bad, good and bad, especially
it is the technical briefing by the supervisor engineer to the work team leader and workers,
In terms of form, the content of the disclosure is not targeted, and is even plagiarized repeatedly.
In response to this problem, combined with my actual work in the past few years, I will talk about how to do a good job in explaining construction technology: .
1 Technical briefing is clear and precise
Construction projects are characterized by construction complexity, continuity and variability,
as well as product unity, which requires The project management work of our Lugong Enterprise
is complex, continuous and changeable, which requires strengthening the management of technical communication during construction. For everyone involved in project construction and management, through technical briefing,
understand the specific work of the sub-projects they want to complete
Contents, operating methods, construction techniques, quality standards and safety precautions
etc., so that operators have clear tasks, are well aware of them, and cooperate with each other and work procedures
The handover is in an orderly manner to achieve orderly construction
to reduce various common quality problems and improve construction quality.
2 Requirements for construction technology disclosure
2.1 Requirements for construction technology disclosure
(1) Engineering construction technology disclosure must comply with the current construction
Corresponding regulations for project construction and acceptance specifications, technical operating procedures (Yt project process standards
), and quality inspection and assessment standards. At the same time, it also
should comply with the relevant regulations formulated by the industry, as well as the specific local policies and regulations of the province, city (district)
where it is located.
(2) The technical disclosure of engineering work must comply with various national
technical standards and enterprise internal standards. Especially the mandatory provisions of engineering construction standards
.
(3) The technical disclosure should also comply with and implement the technical requirements in the design and construction drawings
, especially when the technical requirements in the design drawings
When the technical standards are higher than the corresponding requirements of the national engineering and acceptance specifications
, more detailed explanations and explanations should be made.
(4) It should conform to and reflect the intentions
and specific requirements in the technical briefing at the previous level.
(5) All requirements of the construction organization design or construction plan
should be met and implemented, including technical measures and construction schedule requirements.
(6) For construction personnel at different levels, the depth and level of technical understanding
are different. That is to say, the in-depth description and method of explaining the information to different personnel should be targeted.
(7) The technical explanation should be comprehensive, clear, and highlight the key points. It should
explain in detail how to do it and what standards to implement. The technical requirements are as follows:
Feed , construction technology, quality standards and safety precautions should be specified in
items and cannot be vague.
(8) New technologies, new processes, and new materials used in construction should be explained in detail, and specific details such as how to make samples
Appropriate.
2.2 Contents of construction technical disclosure
(1) The chief engineer of the construction unit shall report to the project manager and project director
The contents of construction technical disclosure include the following: Aspects:
① Project overview and various technical and economic indicators and requirements.
② Main construction methods, key construction technologies and problems in implementation
⑧ Technical processing details of special engineering parts and matters needing attention
.
④ "Four New" technical requirements, implementation plans and precautions
items
⑤ Construction organization design. Network planning, schedule requirements, construction deployment, construction machinery, labor arrangement and organization.
⑥ The cooperative relationship between the general contractor and subcontracting units
and the handling of related issues
⑦ Construction quality standards and safety technologies, adopting this Standardized operations such as construction methods implemented by the unit
(2) The project chief engineer’s technical explanation to the quality inspector, safety officer, foreman
includes the following aspects:
① Project overview and local topography, landforms, engineering geology and
various technical and economic indicators.
② The specific requirements of the design drawings, the methods and the difficulty of the work
.
③ Specific requirements for construction organization design or construction plan and
its implementation steps and methods.
④ What are the specific practices during construction, what process standards are used, and
which construction methods does the enterprise use; key parts and what may be encountered during the implementation process
Problems and solutions
⑥ Construction progress requirements, process overlap, construction deployment and implementation
Determination of work team tasks;
⑥ Main materials used in construction Issues related to the model and quantity of construction machinery
and their entry time, as well as the arrangement of operating procedures.
⑦ New process and other relevant operating procedures, technical regulations and precautions
matters.
⑧ Construction quality standards and specific safety technology measures and
precautions.
(3) The following aspects should be added to the technical explanation of each work shift and workers:
① Each work shift is responsible for construction The specific technical requirements of the sub-projects
and the construction process standards or internal work methods of the enterprise
③ The construction quality of each sub-project standard.
③ Prevention methods of common quality problems and precautions
④ Attached is a detailed construction safety briefing.
3 Key points in the construction technical disclosure of building sub-projects
The content of technical disclosure should be in accordance with the specific requirements of the sub-projects and based on the technical requirements of the design drawings. Requirements and construction and acceptance
Specific provisions of the specifications, according to the specific characteristics of different types of work,
Technical briefings with different contents and focuses
3.1 Earthwork Engineering
The nature and characteristics of foundation soil; the location and protection methods of various stakes
; the range and depth of excavation and filling, the requirements for slopes, and return
Compaction methods such as filling and lime soil and requirements for bulk density and other indicators; underground
water or surface water removal and treatment methods; tamping technology and operating procedures
relevant regulations and safety technical measures.
3.2 Masonry project
Masonry location; axis position; horizontal elevation of each floor; door and window opening
position; wall thickness and wall thickness Changes; mortar strength grade, mortar mix ratio, number of mortar test block groups and maintenance; locations, quantities and specifications of each reserved hole
and each professional embedded part , size; different
Quality requirements for raw materials such as bricks and stones at different locations and elevations; masonry group
Masonry methods and quality standards; prevention methods for common quality problems, safety precautions
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Matters, etc.
3.3 Formwork Engineering
The axis and horizontal position of various reinforced concrete components. Standard
Height, cross-sectional form and geometric dimensions; formwork plan and technical requirements;
Specific technical requirements for the strength and stability of the support system; when removing the formwork
Space; the location, elevation, size, quantity and preparation of embedded parts and reserved holes
Methods to prevent their displacement; technical requirements and treatment methods for special parts
;Quality standards, preventive measures for common quality problems, and safety technical measures
.
3 4 Steel Bar Engineering
Types, models, diameters, number of steel bars, connection methods and technical requirements in all components; prevent steel bar displacement and Technical measures to ensure steel bar protection
Coating thickness; methods and procedures for steel bar replacement;
Technical treatment of special parts; related operations. Especially for high-altitude operations
Precautions {quality standards and preventive measures for common quality problems, safety technical measures and precautions
3.5 Concrete Engineering
Types, technical regulations and quality standards of cement, sand, stone, admixtures, water and other raw materials; different parts Types and strength levels of concrete at different elevations; control of its mix ratio, water-cement ratio, slump
and corresponding technical measures; technical regulations on mixing, transportation, and vibration
and requirements; concrete pouring methods and sequences, concrete curing methods
methods; locations and quantities of construction joints and corresponding technical measures
, specific requirements of specifications; technical measures for temperature control in mass concrete construction
; technical details and implementation methods of technical measures for anti-camp concrete footings; concrete test block retention locations and quantity and
maintenance; specific technical measures to prevent the displacement of various embedded parts and reserved holes, especially the displacement of anchor bolts of mechanical equipment, are proposed during construction
Specific requirements; quality standards and prevention methods for common quality problems (because quality problems in concrete projects are generally serious, they should be addressed at the end of technical exchanges
Pay attention to). Concrete construction safety technical measures and savings
measures.
3.6 Scaffolding project
The types, models, quantities, specifications and quality of materials used
Standards; the erection of special external scaffolding must comply with national engineering standards
Relevant requirements for mandatory provisions of construction standards. Fulfill relevant review procedures
; technical requirements for shelf erection methods, strength and stability (must
meet firm and reliable requirements); technical measures for raising shelves layer by layer
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and requirements; verticality and settlement deformation requirements of shelf poles; self-inspection of shelf construction workers
and special inspection by the layer-by-layer safety inspection department.
Important parts of the shelf, such as the assembly and installation technology of the lower-braced steel frame
Technical requirements and inspection methods; the connection methods and requirements of the shelf and the building
Request; shelf removal method and sequence and precautions; shelf engineering
Quality standards and safety precautions.
3.7 Structural hoisting project
Model, weight, quantity, quantity, and location of hoisting points of components required to be hoisted in various parts of the building} Hoisting equipment technology Performance} Relevant rope specifications
operating routes, hoisting equipment operation routes, hoisting sequences and hoisting methods; hoisting
erection contact signals, labor organization, command and coordination; hoisting festivals
>Point connection method; connection sequence and connection of hoisting component support system
Method; overall stability technical measures during hoisting of hoisting components such as prestressed reinforced concrete roof trusses
; Contact the Municipal Power Supply Bureau for power supply
Electricity situation f Hoisting operation precautions Standards for misalignment of hoisting components and preventive measures for common quality problems; Technical measures for safety of hoisting components.
3.8 Steel structure engineering
Steel structure model, weight, quantity, geometric dimensions, plane position
Location and elevation, and various types of steel materials , type, specification, connection method
and technical measures}Welding equipment specifications and operating precautions, welding
process and its technical standards, technical measures, weld form, location and
Quality standards; assembly process flow operations from component cutting to assembly
Sequence; steel structure quality standards and preventive measures for common quality defects, construction
Safety technical measures
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3.9 Floor and floor engineering
Floor and floor types, engineering methods and technical requirements for each part,
Construction sequence, quality standards; salary-type floor or special Construction technology required by specific industries (such as
radio and television, light industry electronics, etc.); floor
ground quality standards and technologies adopted to ensure project quality standards
Measures.
3.1O Roofing and waterproofing projects
Structure, form, and types of roofing and waterproofing projects, waterproofing materials
Material models, types, technical performance, and characteristics , quality standards and precautions
items; types and mix ratios, apparent density
of insulation layers and waterproof materials, thickness, operating techniques, grassroots practices and basic technical requirements ,
Methods and operation requirements for paving or painting; various node treatment methods
Methods} Processing and requirements for water-stopping technology in anti-seepage concrete projects; operation experience
Process protection and anti-virus and safety precautions.
3.11 Decoration project
Types, levels, practices and requirements, quality of decoration of various parts
Standards, technical measures for product protection; new decoration materials and There are special
crafts and decoration requirements for the craftsmanship and operation steps, and the relevant processes
should be contacted and coordinated with each other; safety technical measures, special
Especially safety measures for high-altitude work in exterior decoration.
4 Issues that should be paid attention to in technical disclosure of construction projects
(1) Technical disclosure should strictly implement construction and acceptance specifications
Regulations, construction and acceptance The requirements in specifications and procedures, especially
quality standards, may not be modified or deleted arbitrarily. Technical disclosures should also meet
the relevant requirements for construction organization design, and should understand and understand the technical requirements put forward in technical documents such as technical disclosures at the higher level
and should not be ignored
Intentional violation of relevant provisions in the document. Disclosure of meetings held by the company
Detailed minutes should be kept, including the names of the participants,
the date, the content of the meeting and the technical decisions made at the meeting. Meeting minutes
should be complete and should not be lost or torn arbitrarily. They should be archived and stored as technical meeting documents
for a long time. All written technical disclosures should be reviewed
and a manuscript should be left with neat and clear handwriting and correct data citations.
The issuer, reviewer, and recipient of the face-to-face disclosure should all sign and seal.
) A construction project is composed of multiple sub-projects
each of which is equally important to the entire building
Importantly, the technical briefing for each sub-project should
be comprehensive, careful and thorough. For sub-projects that are large in area, large in quantity, and have high economic benefits, a more detailed technical explanation must be conducted; compared to projects that are sporadic, special locations, hidden projects, or have low economic benefits. The sub-projects of
should also carry out technical explanations equally seriously. Conduct detailed technical explanations for important
structures and parts with heavy loads, but also
minor structural parts, such as prefabricated beams, etc., should not be ignored, and these
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The parts are prone to quality accidents and safety accidents. Some project departments only pay attention to the main structure during technical briefing and do not pay enough attention to waterproofing and decoration projects. Their performance is obvious during technical briefing. Therefore, these projects
>The main structure is relatively good, but the waterproofing and decoration quality of the building are relatively poor. This is especially obvious when constructing civil buildings, which makes the enterprise very
passive. No greater advantage can be formed in the market.
(3) During the technical briefing, special attention should be paid to the company's current
common construction quality problems and work-related injuries, so as to nip them in the bud and
Project quality accidents and casualty accidents are nipped in the bud.
Possible quality accidents and casualties should be prevented during technical disclosure
Accidents should be made to make technical disclosure comprehensive, thoughtful and complete. And
the technical explanation should be carried out as early as possible, so that grassroots technical personnel and workers have sufficient
time to digest and understand the relevant technical issues in the technical explanation, and be prepared as early as possible
, so that construction personnel can be well aware of the construction tasks in order to complete the construction tasks
(4) Supervision and inspection of technical explanation work. Technology at all levels
Managers should not assume that everything will be fine if they have already conducted oral or written technical communication
Generally speaking, this is just a communication work
At the beginning of the disclosure, a lot of work is to supervise and inspect the effectiveness of the disclosure. During the construction process, grassroots technicians should be reminded repeatedly
Specific construction operation parts have been strengthened or prompted to meet the relevant requirements in technical briefings, the "three inspection system" has been strengthened, inspections during the construction process have been strengthened, and intermediate acceptance of the project has been strictly enforced. It has been found that Problems
Solve them promptly to avoid quality accidents or rework waste.
(5) The implementation of technical disclosure can take a variety of forms
so that every worker is familiar with and understands the specific
details and Require. For example, before the construction of a sub-project, the relevant content in the technical briefing can be hung on the wall in the form of a blackboard report.
Before and after work, arrange work and assign tasks again.
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For new technologies, new processes, and new structures, ask experienced workers from outside units or the company to perform technical demonstrations, or provide sample demonstrations. Understand the operating steps and be aware of them
to avoid various quality or safety accidents
(6) Technical briefing is an important part of construction management and is
An essential step in the construction technology management process. It is extremely wrong to believe that
technical briefings are old-fashioned and old-fashioned. They only read out the text and become formal
. After the briefings are given, they are not carefully supervised and inspected. Some
people think that this is not a new process or new structure, and that the construction workers are all old
workers, so they simplify the disclosure content, or even do not disclose the details and do not check
Some people think that there is nothing to explain about painting, door and window projects, etc., which will not affect structural safety, and they adopt a careless attitude towards technical explanations.
For some relatively sporadic types of work, such as embedded parts, ironwork, etc., no disclosure, no questioning, no inspection.
The above are common and extremely wrong. They are the main reasons for quality accidents.
Seriously doing a good job in engineering construction technology is to ensure that the work is completed
The prerequisite for project quality and on-schedule completion of project tasks. It is a job responsibility that every construction technician must perform.