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Script format:
If you choose 44 point 5 Chinese characters per line, the number labels on the margins and horizontal ruler of Microsoft Word are: < /p>
2? 4? 6? 8?10?12?14?16?18?20?22?24?26?28?30?32?34?36?38?40?42?
Fade in
1. The location where the exterior or interior scene takes place 1? Daytime 1.
A simple recommendation of the appearance of the scene or the angle of the lens or camera Tip
Describe in detail the subject in the first shot - "Character 1's actions." If necessary, you can also describe the props in the shot, the position where the character performs the "action", and the environment in which the "action" occurs. (between 5/40 frames)
Character 1
(way of speaking or emotion
between 18/26 frames)
The specific content of line 1. ……………between 10/34 frames
Describe in detail the subject in the second shot—“Character 2’s next action”… (same as above between 5/40 frames)
Character 2
(Way of speaking or emotion
Between 18/26 frames)
The specific content of line 2. …………… Between 10/34 frames
(Transition method)
2. Exterior scene or interior scene? Where the scene takes place 2? Night 2.< /p>
Simple recommended tips for the appearance of the scene or the lens and camera angle
Describe in detail the subject in the first shot - "Character 3's action". If necessary, you can also describe the props in the shot, the position where the character performs the "action", and the environment in which the "action" occurs. (between 5/40 frames)
Character 3
(way of speaking or emotion
between 18/26 frames)
The specific content of line 3. ……………between 10/34 boxes
Character 1
(way of speaking or emotion
between 18/26 boxes )
The specific content of line 4. …………… Between 10/34 frames
Describe in detail the subject in the next shot—“the character’s next action”?… (Same as above between 5/40 frames)
(Write CONTINUED when the page change scene does not change) or (transition method)
The above is the "single-column script format for movie script writing. There are several points about this format. Description:
(The double-column format of traditional TV will not be introduced here)
1. Camera position, angle and lens description:
The scriptwriter does not need to tell How the director uses audio-visual language is the director's homework. Therefore, the scriptwriter should not write specifically about "camera (CAMERA) position and angle" and "detailed lens terminology" if it is really necessary.
2. For the playwright, the definition of "shot":
The shot is what the camera sees.
3. The subject. Shots and partial shots:
The writing of a scene is composed of a master shot and a specifie shot. The master shot covers the entire scene, such as a room, a street, and a lounge. etc. A partial shot focuses on a certain part of the room, such as the door of a house, the front of a certain store on a certain street, or a certain building.
After writing "Interior (or exterior) scene". After "Place and Time", you can start from a partial shot to describe the environment of the local scene and the actions of the characters, and then directly write the dialogue of the characters. You can also start from a main shot to describe the environment of the main scene and the actions of the characters, and then directly write the characters dialogue. However, it is not specified whether it is a main shot or a partial shot when writing. The "main shot" or "partial shot" is determined according to our needs when designing the scene.
4. The subject in the out-of-shot:
The character action that occurs in the camera frame - the character is performing an action (body movement or dialogue) in the frame or completing the action and leaving the frame (for body movements, it is called out-of-frame, in-frame Use voice-over for external dialogue). Once you have decided on the subject of the shot, you can narrate the visual action taking place within the shot.
5, label:
On the far right and left. Mark the scene numbers respectively, then write DAY or NIGHT on the far right, and then mark indoor or outdoor (INT or EXT) on the far left.
6,? Role:
The name of the dialogue character is written above the character's lines, in the center.
7. Blank lines:
The places where blank lines are used are: a. between different scenes; b. scenes and transition methods (such as: cut to, fade in, fade out, overlap c) between one character's lines and another character's name tag; d between a character's lines and the detailed description of the subject in the shot. e between detailed descriptions. Two lens subjects
8, boldface:
a All annotations are in boldface; b The first appearance of the character is in boldface; c Camera position, angle and lens, etc. Use bold fonts for simple recommended tips; use bold fonts for d transition methods; use bold fonts for e dialogue character names. f When the scene changes pages but the scene content continues, write "CONTINUED", and "CONTINUED" should be in boldface.
The picture below
How to write a script:
To write a story well, you must first conceive the direction of your story, the relationship between the characters, the climax of the plot, and the theme. Wait... American Hollywood has a set of screenwriting rules: starting, setting up conflicts, resolving conflicts, setting up conflicts again, until the ending. China also has its own rules for screenwriting: origin, inheritance, transfer, and integration. ?In the following text, I will discuss in detail the basic and important elements of writing screenplays by category, and will give examples to illustrate.
First of all, let me make it clear that scripts are different from any kind of literary form. I often see some friends writing scripts into novels or biographies. This is wrong, or at least unprofessional. Scripts have their own format, and writing scripts is a technical job to a certain extent.
Writing scripts is not a very noble artistic creation. It is just an ordinary job. There is no difference between a playwright and a cleaner. They are just ordinary jobs, so everyone can write scripts. Anyone can be a director. Of course, since it is a type of work, it has its own standards. These rules may not make you an expert quickly, but they will at least make you look like one. Or, don’t let your poor formatting become a reason for reviewers to shoot your manuscript. Because a reviewer reads three to four manuscripts a day, if the format of your script does not look very professional, he has every reason to flip through a few pages and throw your script in a corner to cool off. Let’s first take a look at the common mistakes in script writing:
I: Wrote the script into a novel
Just mentioned above, some friends wrote the script into a novel. It’s not impossible, but That is a literary script and cannot be used to guide filming and production at all. For example, you can spend a few pages in a novel about a person's life experience, background, and family composition, or you can use a few pages to describe the protagonist's psychological struggle, but these things cannot be shown on the movie screen. on. Your script is a screen, and what you want to express is what can be directly seen and felt by the audience on the movie screen. Things like psychological activities cannot be expressed well. Add narration? Of course, unless you can tolerate the main character's voiceover reading a few pages of the novel in a motionless camera. Movie images express emotions, and your script is a movie image, written from the camera's perspective, which may cause a second problem.
II: Unnecessary camera labeling
If you write the script like this: On the No. 5 lift, use a Panasheng 70 camera, a 60mm lens, from 8.5m Pan to 2m to focus... If you write like this, your script will be thrown away by the director even if it passes the reviewer level. You don't need to teach him how to shoot, that's not your business. You don't have to worry about the camera when you're writing a script. But if it’s not a script, why don’t you think about the camera? No, you need to consider the relationship of the camera rather than the position. Scripts have their own special camera terminology. Use these terms frequently to make your script professional, or at least look professional.
1.Angle?on?Angle alignment: For example, BILL walks out of the convenience store, and the camera is pointed at BILL.
2. Favoring? Main performance: BILL is in a big square with many people, but the main performance is BILL.
3.Another?angle?Another angle: The camera from another angle shows that BILL is having fun in the big square.
4. Wilder angle? Wider angle: First, BILL is shown drinking Coke in a corner of the square, and then the camera zooms out to show the square where BILL is located.
5.New?angle?New angle: Change the angle to show BILL drinking Coke to enrich the shot.
6.POV? Viewpoint: See things from BILL's point of view. It's the first person perspective.
7. Reverse angle: BILL and SALLY dancing together, first shoot what BILL sees SALLY, and then shoot what SALLY sees BILL, usually the two people's POVs are reversed.
8.Over?shoulder?angle?Over-the-shoulder shot: The camera looks over BILL’s shoulder to see SALLY. BILL’s shoulder can naturally divide the picture. It is a very common type.
9. Moving shot: including tracking, panning, following, etc. The camera is moving anyway. As for how to move specifically, it is not an issue to consider now.
10.Two?shot?Double shot: BILL and SALLY are talking while drinking Coke. In this shot, the camera should not move at will to prevent "off-axis". There is an axis connecting BILL and SALLY. The camera can only move on one side of the axis. If it crosses this axis, the positions of BILL and SALLY will be interchanged on the screen, causing visual confusion for the audience.
11.Close?shot?Close shot: Emphasize SALLY’s beautiful eyes, but it is generally better to use less.
12.Insert? Insert shot: a close-up shot of something, for example, it’s getting late, SALLY asks BILL what time it is, BILL raises his hand, and then you can take a close-up of BILL’s watch. Of course, you can also You can use this kind of lens to change the scene. For example, when BILL removes his watch, what he sees in the camera is already a dance party at night.
The above is the shot description format in the script. This is the specific writing format:
The scene description should be in bold, the time and place should be in bold, on the left
The sound effects appearing in the scene should be in bold
First The name of the character that appears for the first time should be bold and centered
The character's dialogue should be centered, leaving spaces on both sides, and the dialogue of different characters should be on a new line
Indicate the relationship between the cameras
Indicate the scene switching, "cut to" means a hard cut, and "melt to" means adding a transition effect, all on the right
If there are special effects used, they should also be marked in bold
p>2. Introduction to Script Writing
This is the experience I gained when I took a script writing course in college. I remember that our instructor told us: "If you want to write a good script, you must understand the basic knowledge and theory of scripts, and understand the rules of movies!"
Today, as one of them, I am honored to be with you all I would like to share what I know about script theory. If there are any mistakes or omissions, I hope everyone will bear with me.
To put it simply, to write a story well, you must first conceive the direction of your story, character relationships, plot climax, theme ideas, etc... Hollywood in the United States has a set of rules for screenwriting: starting, setting up conflicts, Resolve conflicts, set up conflicts again, until the end. China also has its own rules for screenwriting: origin, inheritance, transfer, and integration.
In the following text, I will discuss in detail the basic and important elements of writing screenplays by category, and will give examples to illustrate.
Basic theory of script: attitude, theme
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Writing a story The most important thing is the attitude towards the story. Different attitudes will produce different effects. To give a simple example, it is also a story about a woman in a brothel. If the author writes it with an obscene and pornographic attitude, the story will naturally focus on the love between men and women. On the contrary, if the author writes with a sympathetic and respectful attitude, the story will focus on describing the pity and helplessness of the brothel woman who is forced to sell herself...
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Before writing a story, you must ask yourself: What kind of story do you want to tell? Is it the friendship between friends (such as the movie Midnight Cow Boy), the love between men and women (Titanic), the story of aliens invading the earth (Earth Strikes Back), or an accusation War stories (killing battlefield—platon), etc. That's the theme.
The theme must be very clear, consistent, and unquestionable. You can't write a set of war episodes that cast doubt on war at one moment and praise war at another. A theme is like a compass that guides you through the story and its details. And most importantly, it prevents you from straying from the main path in your writing. For example, Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty was a beast who killed his younger brother, killed his father to seize the throne, and raped his younger brother's wife. But in the Yongzheng Dynasty (an early TV series broadcast by ATV), the Yongzheng described by the author was actually a good emperor. Because the author's theme is to write about a good emperor, in the story we will only see scenes such as Yongzheng staying up all night to approve memorials, inspecting farmers, reducing taxes, and implementing moral policies. There are no scenes such as killing his brother or his father.
Therefore, a successful script should allow the audience to clearly understand the ideas and themes that the author wants to express after reading it.
Create character conflict
Character conflict is the only way to attract an audience. This includes conflicts between story characters and characters, conflicts between characters and his own values, etc.
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The character in the story wants to do something, but there is a force resisting him. This is Potogonist/Antogonist
< p>For example, in the movie Falling Down, the protagonist has just experienced a painful life in prison. When he is released from prison, he wants to see his wife back and live a normal life again (Potogonist, what he wants to pursue) thing). But his wife ran away from him and disowned him, and people around him also discriminated against him because of his criminal record (Antogonist, the power that prevents him from achieving his goals).<
When there is a conflict between the characters and there is an inseparable knot that pulls them together , the fun is coming. To give a simple example, the hero's wife is a gossipy woman, while the hero's mother is a traditional woman who observes etiquette. Due to circumstances, the protagonist and his wife must move in with their mother. Just imagine what it would be like when two completely conflicting people: the daughter-in-law and the grandmother are pulled together by an unbreakable bond.
Create dramatic tension
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For example, the protagonist in the story breaks into the enemy's base, and a gun is stretched out in the dark and aimed at him (the audience knows but the protagonist does not know), and the enemy is about to open fire. The gun is fired, and the audience is worried about the protagonist.
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The protagonist’s mother is sick, and he only has one hundred yuan in his family. , so he went to the market to try his luck. Fortunately, the protagonist kept winning money and already had several thousand yuan, which was enough for medical expenses. But he was greedy for winning and did not know how to lose. He continued to gamble, and ended up losing one game after another (the audience knew that he was on the wrong path). In the end, he even lost the 100 yuan in his hand, and even went to ask Big Erlong to borrow money (he used the wrong method to achieve his goal).
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If certain events in the story have time limits or time bombs, it can give the audience a sense of tension. , and this tension can last for a long time.
In twelve hours, the meteorite will hit the earth, and more than half of all living things on the earth will die. (Movie - Meteorite Hits the Earth)
The bus must maintain a speed of 120 kilometers per hour, otherwise the bomb on the bus will explode. (Movie - Speed ??of Life and Death)
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Using turning points can create unexpected effects, arouse the audience's anticipation and enhance plot tension. , thus sustaining the audience's interest in the story. Turning points most often occur at the beginning or end of a story. The turning point in the early part of the script is generally used to start the story and show the choices that the protagonist will face. As for the turning point in the later part, it points to the protagonist resolving the crisis and wrapping up the story.
For example, in the famous movie "Born on the fourth of July", the protagonist faces the first turning point at the beginning of the story: whether to participate in the Vietnam War. The protagonist finally chooses to join the war and embarks on the battlefield. But the good times don't last forever. The protagonist's feet were broken during the war and he will be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Originally a patriotic man, he changed his mind after experiencing many incidents. This leads to an unexpected turning point at the end of the story, where he changes from a militant to an anti-war faction, thus bringing out the anti-war theme.
Other techniques
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I believe anyone who has written a composition will know it What is foreshadowing! Laying hints can attract the audience to follow the plot. For example, in the movie "Scheming", the protagonist Tommy revealed early on that he has the ability to imitate people's signatures and behaviors (a hidden line). By the time the story develops and he kills the rich man Dicky, the audience has already estimated that the protagonist will impersonate Dicky based on the hidden line. .
<< Key (Payoff)>>
The so-called Payoff is the object that best symbolizes the entire story. For example, in the movie "Apartment", the door key is Payoff. Another example is that in the famous movie "Sutra's List", the list of Jews is also Payoff.
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There are two scenes, broadcast among plum blossoms and bamboos, this is montage. For example, in the movie The Godfather, the screen broadcasts the sacred rituals being held in the church, such as the priest baptizing children and praying to God. But the other side of the picture indirectly broadcasts the evil side of the church. For example, in order to seize power, the leaders of the church go to the residences of those who oppose him and continue to kill.
Montage can also refer to some different but unrelated pictures. When they are cut together, they will have another meaning. To put it simply, for example, in the first picture, a hand is throwing a ball, and Another picture shows the other hand catching a ball. However, the ball may not be the same, but when the two pictures are together, it is one person throwing the ball to the other person. Note/if another person is added in the middle. scene, the meaning is completely different!! (Note: The text explanation of this montage was provided by netizen "Bego")
Script 3 Big taboo
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Script writing and novel writing are two completely different things. You must know that the purpose of writing a script is to use words to express a series of pictures, so you need to make people who read the script think of a picture in real time when they see the text, bringing them into the world of animation. The novel is different. In addition to the pictures, he also includes lyrical sentences, rhetorical techniques and descriptions of the characters' inner worlds. These should not be in the script. To give a simple example, there is this sentence in the novel:
"The exam results will be released today. The students are all nervously waiting for the results. After Xiao Ming said goodbye to his parents, he went to school to collect the result notification. Teacher Distributing the transcripts, Xiao Ming thought to himself: It would be bad if he failed this time.
He was very worried, afraid that he would not know how to face his family after failing the exam...』
Just imagine, If you write the above sentence in a script and ask the actors to express it through actions
If you want to use a script to express the same meaning, you can only write it as follows:
"In the classroom, the students were all sitting in their seats, with nervous expressions on their faces, looking at the teacher standing outside. The teacher was holding a stack of grade notices in her hand. She looked at the one on the front and called Said: "Chen Daxiong!" Daxiong immediately went out to get the transcript. Xiao Ming was in a corner of the classroom, rubbing his hands constantly. He looked outside the classroom and the scene gradually returned to the scene that morning. Xiao Ming's parents were sitting in the hall early in the morning. Xiao Ming put on his school uniform and was about to go out. He looked at his father and then his mother. When he saw their serious faces, he didn't know what to say. Xiao Ming's father said: "Will you pass?" Xiao Ming said: "Yes... yes."
"Chen Xiaoming!" The teacher's loud voice brought Xiao Ming back to reality from his memories. The teacher looked at him with Xiao Ming's report card in his hand. Xiao Ming stayed for a while, then quickly walked out to get it...』
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There should not be too many dialogues in the script (unless it is required by the plot), otherwise the whole story will become incoherent and lack action, and the audience will seem to be listening to and reading the script, which is very boring. Remember that what you are writing now is cinematic language, not literary language. A script that is only suitable for reading but not for watching is not a good script. Therefore, for an excellent movie script, the fewer dialogues, the stronger the image and the greater the impact.
To give a simple example, if you write about a person making a phone call, you'd better not let him sit by the phone and just talk. If the plot requires it, you can ask him to stand up or take a few steps with the phone to avoid dullness and monotony in the picture.
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Many people write too many details in their scripts. There are many characters in the details, interspersed with many scenes, making the story It becomes complicated, and the audience may not understand it, and it is not clear what theme the author wants to express. Imagine if there were more than a dozen important characters in a movie at the same time, and there were many stories between the characters. You asked the audience to remember each character so clearly in a short period of time.
In fact, there is a motto when writing scripts: "Simple is the best!" The simpler the story, the better. Think about it, among the good movies you have seen, are their plots very simple? For example, the movie Titanic is just about the sinking of a large ship, and the hero and heroine fall in love during the sinking. The same goes for other movies. It can be so simple that a short newspaper review can tell the story outline in just a few dozen words.
However, simplicity is always the most difficult: "Simple is difficult.
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