The Xi incident was the turning point of China's civil war to the national war against Japan. Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng undoubtedly made great contributions in this incident, and they also went down in history. However, the implementation of "military admonition" means that their future life will be "not easy". Afterwards, Zhang Xueliang lost his freedom until1994; Yang Hucheng was killed before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949.
Supposedly, since Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng can discuss the war, the relationship should of course be "close", but before Zhang Xueliang's death, Han Yang, Yang Hucheng's grandson, visited Zhang Xueliang twice in the United States, and Zhang Xueliang always avoided talking about Yang Hucheng. Why?
The Xi incident is a good thing for the Chinese nation. After Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the idea of stopping the civil war and uniting against Japan, he began the second national cooperation and established the anti-Japanese national United front, which was undoubtedly an important turning point for our whole nation in the war of resistance, and even laid the foundation for our final victory.
1936 65438+On February 25th, Chiang Kai-shek was released, the An Incident was settled peacefully, and Zhang Xueliang accompanied Chiang Kai-shek and his wife back to Luoyang. However, after the Xi incident, two generals who protested militarily were liquidated by the chairman.
1On February 26th, 936, Zhang Xueliang accompanied Chiang Kai-shek and his wife to fly back to Nanjing. After disembarking, Zhang Xueliang was detained. 16 On February 30th, Zhang Xueliang was sentenced to 10 years in prison by a military court. During his imprisonment, Zhang Xueliang was transferred to several prisons in Guizhou. 10 years of imprisonment has passed, and Zhang Xueliang has not been released.
Later, Zhang Xueliang secretly transferred to Taiwan Province Province, "under the strict control of the Military Commission", which was actually "life imprisonment". It was not until 1990, many years after the death of Chiang Kai-shek and Jiang Jingguo, that Zhang Xueliang completely regained his freedom of life and visited the United States.
According to Zhang Xueliang's century legend, Zhang Xueliang once had a chance to be "released". At that time, the chairman said that as long as Zhang Xueliang agreed to three conditions, he could be released immediately. The last of these three conditions is to ask Zhang Xueliang to hand over the telegram sent to Zhang Xueliang by Chiang Kai-shek after the September 18th Incident.
It is said that the content of this telegram is that Chiang Kai-shek asked the Northeast Army to "never allow resistance". This telegram was always in the hands of Zhang Xueliang, and was later brought to the United States by his original wife. However, Zhang Xueliang has been under house arrest in Taiwan Province Province, and has not agreed to any conditions. Of course, some people think that this telegram in Zhang Xueliang's hand is his "lifesaver" to save Zhang Xueliang from being killed.
1995, Zhang Xueliang left Taiwan Province Province and settled in Hawaii, USA, until his death in 200 1 and never returned to his hometown in Northeast China. It sounds miserable that Zhang Xueliang has been imprisoned for more than 50 years, but in contrast, Yang Hucheng's fate is much worse than Zhang Xueliang's.
After all, although Zhang Xueliang was under house arrest by Chiang Kai-shek, as Zhang's eldest son, Zhang Xueliang had the support of the Northeast Army. Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek have known each other for many years, and their relationship is unusual. When Chiang Kai-shek was under house arrest, he never mistreated food, clothing, housing and transportation, and Zhang Xueliang's demands would be met as much as possible.
According to the news, Chiang Kai-shek once said that Zhang Xueliang would spend a group's money a year. Conservatively, this figure may be two or three million silver dollars.
As for Yang Hucheng, he was not only imprisoned in 12, but also killed with his youngest son and daughter on the eve of the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, and never saw the establishment of the new China again.
Yang Hucheng was a general of Shaanxi Army during the Republic of China. Together with Zhang Xueliang, he launched the xi Incident. After the Xi Incident, Yang Hucheng lost control of the Northwest Army and was "dismissed" in June of 1937, and was forced to go abroad for "inspection" in June of the same year. However, he continued to publicize his anti-Japanese ideas in the United States, Britain, France and other countries, and repeatedly asked to return to China after the July 7th Incident.
Yang never gave up and planned to return to China through the secret of the Soviet Union to continue the war of resistance, but this matter was leaked to Chiang Kai-shek by the Soviet Union, so Chiang Kai-shek changed his plan to prevent Yang from returning to China and prepared to trap Yang.
First of all, using power generation to publish false news made Yang mistakenly think that Chiang Kai-shek agreed to return to China, and induced Yang to abandon his plan to return to China via the Soviet Union and return to the mainland from Hong Kong instead. After Yang arrived in Hong Kong, he personally went to Hong Kong for a warm welcome and stayed at the Peninsula Hotel. 128, said that Chiang Kai-shek had telegraphed that Dai Li would meet Yang in Nanchang.
65438+February 1, Yang went to Wuchang Station, and Dai Li accompanied him to Nanchang by plane. Upon arrival, Yang was "secretly arrested" and transferred to Meiling Villa for house arrest.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/938, the Kuomintang retreated from Wuhan, and the Yang Hucheng family was transferred to Tianxuandong, Guizhou for detention. The treatment of Yang Hucheng is not as good as that of Zhang Xueliang. The place where he was imprisoned was very humble and the house was fenced. Outdoor activities are also scheduled, with a row of gendarmes and a special team of more than 20 people guarding them day and night.
By the time Japan surrendered in 1945, Yang Hucheng had been imprisoned for eight years. After the news of victory came, everyone thought that eight years of victory in the Anti-Japanese War might dilute Chiang Kai-shek's hatred and let Yang be released. At the CPPCC meeting the following year, China also proposed to release a number of "political prisoners", including Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng.
But on the surface, Chiang Kai-shek did not object. He secretly assassinated some political prisoners overnight, secretly detained Zhang Xueliang in Taiwan Province Province, secretly transferred Yang Hucheng to Yangjiashan in Chongqing, and later claimed that they had already been "executed".
1On August 27th, 949, Mao Renfeng called Xu Yuanju, Zhou Yanghao and others for a meeting to plot to kill Yang Hucheng and his children, as well as the Song Qiyun family. At midnight on September 6th, * * * 8 people were killed by the Kuomintang and failed to see the grand occasion of the founding of New China. They are 56-year-old Yang Hucheng and his second son Yang Zhengzhong, 9-year-old girl Yao Zhengguo, Song Qiyun's family, adjutant Yan Jiming and guard Zhang Xingmin.
Many people thought that Yang Hucheng was killed afterwards, but Zhang Xueliang lived to be 10 1 year old, because Yang Hucheng was actually the "mastermind" of the Xi Incident, and he never bowed to the generalissimo. Zhang Xueliang himself once said in the Introspection Record of Xi 'an Incident that he was "greatly influenced by Yang Hucheng", but all this seems unimportant.
After the Xi Incident, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng were liquidated separately, and there was almost no contact during the period. Until 1982, Zhang Xueliang's niece came to Beijing, found Yang Hucheng's son and conveyed Zhang Xueliang's greetings, so Zhang and Yang's descendants got in touch.
Then, Yang Zhengmin asked Zhang Lvheng to bring a gift to Zhang Xueliang. 1990, Zhang Xueliang also asked someone to bring an inscription to Yang Zhengmin, saying, "Save the people and save my brother". The interaction between the two families is quite harmonious. Because before the incident, Zhang and Yang kept close contact. Yang Zhengmin knew Zhang Xueliang very well when he was a teenager. Yang Zhenmin always wanted to meet Zhang Xueliang, but this wish was not realized until Yang Zhengmin died.
1June 6, 999, my son visited Zhang Xueliang in Hawaii for the first time in order to fulfill his father's last wish, and became the only person in the Yang family who had seen Zhang Xueliang.
At the entrance of a Hawaiian church, Han Yang met Zhang Xueliang in a wheelchair. According to Han Yang himself, when Zhang Xueliang saw him, he just "paused" and said "hello, hello" and stopped talking. This bland reaction made Han Yang feel "surprised". Han Yang wrote in his later book that he didn't understand why the man who dared to "poke a hole in the sky" was so calm when he saw himself.
Of course, Han Yang thought that Zhang Xueliang would be indifferent only when he was old and weak. But when Han Yang visited Zhang Xueliang again in the following year, Zhang Xueliang remained indifferent. This time, Han Yang went to Zhang Xueliang's centenary birthday party. Zhang Xueliang made a decent speech at the birthday party and took a photo with Han Yang as a souvenir, but they didn't communicate privately.
It was this time that Han Yang met Zhang Xueliang who was pushed out for a walk by Zhang Lvheng at the Hilton Hotel where Zhang Xueliang lived. However, when traveling with Zhang Xueliang in Han Yang, Zhang Xueliang only said "OK, thank you", and did not talk much with Han Yang, nor did he mention the past events of Xi 'an. The interaction between Zhang and Yang seems to be over here.
Why doesn't Zhang Xueliang want to mention this past? Han Yang has his own guess. I think it is because Zhang Xueliang is old, and the An incident is a bit "unbearable". I feel sorry for Yang's murder and don't want to talk more. Then, when Song Ziwen Diary was published, Han Yang felt that he had found some reasons why Zhang Xueliang didn't want to mention the past and was indifferent.
According to the data, after the Xi incident, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng had a dispute over whether to release the chairman. After the incident, Song Meiling and Song Ziwen, as representatives of the Chairman, held talks with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng for many times. Although Yang Hucheng agreed in principle, his attitude was still very tough, which made the Song brothers and sisters feel that Zhang Xueliang, who had a relatively moderate attitude, was the breakthrough.
So in order to avoid Yang, and switch to English to communicate with Zhang Xueliang, and Yang doesn't know English, I don't know what the three talked about. On February 23rd, 65438, Song Meiling proposed to release the Chairman as a "Christmas gift" on 25th, and Zhang Xueliang agreed.
However, several people didn't tell Yang about it. Until Christmas day, Zhang Xueliang kept Yang from telling him, released the chairman directly and personally sent him back to Nanjing. This, of course, caused Yang's dissatisfaction and estrangement between the two friends. Then, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng also had many differences and disputes, and they gradually drifted away.
Perhaps it is this kind of bad blood that makes Zhang Xueliang face Yang Hucheng's descendants with such a cold attitude, but with Zhang Xueliang's death, many grievances and enmities in the past have vanished. What I am more concerned about now is why Yang "disappeared" in the An incident during the reign of Chiang's father and son in Taiwan Province, and why did he write to the Kuomintang asking for rehabilitation?
In 2005, Han Yang sent a letter to Lien Chan, then chairman of the Kuomintang, asking him to "rehabilitate" Yang Hucheng, and received a reply several months later. However, the letter did not mention "rehabilitation", only that Yang Hucheng's signature and photos would be publicly displayed again.
After Ma Ying IX was elected chairman of the Kuomintang, he knew Han Yang's demands, and asked to consult the relevant materials of the Kuomintang Party History Museum in Taiwan Province Province to see if there was any evidence that the chairman ordered the killing of Yang Hucheng, but he did not find it. Since then, Han Yang has not received any relevant reply.
However, Han Yang obviously didn't give up. He kept looking for relevant evidence and claimed that he had found something. In the end, he will be able to prove that the Kuomintang's statement that Yang Hucheng was killed by "bandits" or that "the following people killed him without authorization" is untenable and "avenge his grandfather".