1, the significance of the study
Earth-rock dam is the most widely used and fastest developing dam type in the world. Earth-rock dams are widely used, which requires us to master the design and construction technology of earth-rock dams. The study of earth-rock dam can help us to master how to choose dam type according to topography, geology, building materials, construction situation, engineering quantity and investment, and understand the composition, working characteristics and layout of earth-rock dam hub buildings. (2) Understand and master the method of flood regulation calculus and the determination of various characteristic water levels of reservoirs; (3) In the design of the earth-rock dam hub building, understand the comparison method of building selection and the design difficulties and key points of the selected building, and master the corresponding design methods; (4) Master computer drawing and program calculation methods, and cultivate the ability to write design reports; ⑤ Through design and research, cultivate the ability to consult literature, find problems, think independently and solve problems.
2. Research progress at home and abroad
Earth-rock dam is the oldest dam type. Earth-rock dam is the most widely used and fastest developing dam type in dam construction in the world. According to incomplete statistics, 84,800 dams of various types have been built in China, of which earth-rock dams account for more than 95%. 2 1 century, the water conservancy and hydropower industry in China will enter a period of great development. Under the strategy of western development, a number of water conservancy and hydropower projects will be started in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the Red River and other rivers rich in water resources.
The development speed of earth-rock dams abroad is also very fast. The proportion of earth-rock dams in high dams above 100 meters is increasing year by year. It was 30% before 1950s, nearly 40% in 1960s, nearly 60% in 1970s, and increased to over 70% after 1980s. With the development of modern earth-rock dam construction technology, many high dams have been built one after another. At present, the most earth-rock dam built in the world is the Nurek dam in the former Soviet Union, which is 300m high. Tianshengqiao Grade I concrete face rockfill dam is 178m high, Shuibuya concrete face rockfill dam under construction is 233m high, and Nuozhadu core rockfill dam under construction is 26 1 and 5m high. The designed Shuangjiangkou rockfill core dam is 3 14m high.
3. Problems in current research.
At present, the research of earth-rock dam mainly exists: first, the seepage problem of reservoir, second, the reinforcement problem, and third, the use of new materials.
In the statistics of dam and reservoir accidents, 1/4 is caused by seepage. The number of dams in China ranks first in the world, and the dam-break rate is also in the forefront of the world. Dam break is very harmful, especially for high dam reservoirs and dike projects of large rivers. Once it is wrecked, it will be very harmful, which will seriously threaten the safety of the whole water conservancy project and further threaten the life and property safety of the downstream people. Only by analyzing the safety, operation and risk of dam break quickly and effectively can the accidents be reduced. Only by effectively analyzing and predicting the dam break under the influence of various factors can we ensure the normal operation and management of the dam and carry out targeted reinforcement treatment for the dam project.
Many dams need to be reinforced. Due to the specific historical conditions at that time, there was a serious phenomenon that survey, design and construction were carried out at the same time. The flood control standard was low, the quality control was lax, and there were many tailings and hidden dangers, which threatened the life and property safety of the downstream people at all times and restricted the local economic development. People have realized the importance and necessity of reinforcement, so reservoir reinforcement is imperative.
With the development of dam construction technology, the height of dam is getting bigger and bigger, more and more traditional materials are needed, and the construction period is getting longer and longer. If new materials are used in the process of dam construction, for example, resin mold can be used as impervious body now, which can not only ensure the safety of dam body, but also shorten the construction period and save money.
4. Basic ideas
(1) original data analysis
Familiar with the general natural geographical conditions, hydrometeorological characteristics, topography, geological conditions, local materials and basic information of external traffic near the dam site. Through the understanding and analysis of the data, the main factors and key problems that have great influence on the design and construction in the original data are preliminarily mastered, which lays the foundation for the design.
(2) dam type selection
According to the data provided, it is suggested that two or three types of dams should be selected from the aspects of topography, geology, building materials, construction situation, engineering quantity and investment, and the dam type should be selected through comprehensive comparison.
(3) Hub layout
According to the selected dam axis, the relative position and architectural form of buildings (including dams, cofferdams, diversion spillway tunnels, spillways, power stations, etc.). ) roughly determine from the aspects of topography, geology, construction and operation, and conduct qualitative analysis and discussion to determine the grade of hub projects and buildings.
(4) Architectural design
(1) Determine the section size and layout:
According to the specification requirements, referring to the existing project and considering the specific situation of this project, determine the dam crest elevation, crest width, dam slope, impervious body and drainage body size, determine the dam type and section size, and draw the dam section and plane layout.
② Seepage calculation:
Hydraulic method is used to calculate the saturation line of the whole dam length, unit width seepage and total seepage of the maximum section and each control section at the design flood level or normal maximum water level.
③ Dam slope stability calculation:
According to Code for Design of Roller Compacted Earth-rock Dam, the stability of dam slope is calculated according to four working conditions:
④ Detailed structural design:
Including dam foundation treatment, dam connection with both banks, dam crest, slope protection, filter layer, transition layer, impervious body and drainage facilities of dam body and dam foundation.
(5) Compilation of construction process flow chart of earth-rock dam project The construction process flow chart of earth-rock dam project should be compiled in the form of flow chart from the aspects of construction preparation, construction diversion, dam foundation treatment and dam construction.
(6) Compilation of Earth-rock Dam Construction Network Diagram The Earth-rock Dam Construction Network Diagram is compiled with the divisional project and month as parameters.
Step 5 refer to
1, design code for concrete face rockfill dam SL228
2. Classification of water conservancy and hydropower projects and flood standard SL252
3. Code for Design of Roller Compacted Earth-rock Dams SL274
4. Design standard of asphalt concrete face slab and core wall of earth-rock dam SLJ01;
5. Code for Design of Hydraulic Reinforced Concrete Structures DL5073
6. Design Code of load on hydraulic structure DL5077
7. Safety Standard for Classification and Design of Hydroelectric Hub Project DL 5180;
8. The first and second volumes of earth dam design of Northeast Water Conservancy and Hydropower Publishing House of the Fifth Bureau of the Ministry of Water and Electricity;
9. "Hydraulic Structures" edited by Lin Jiyong, Water Conservancy and Electric Power Press;
10, hydraulic structures, edited by Wu Meiling, Tsinghua University Publishing House;
1 1, design of rockfill dam, Chen, editor-in-chief, Water Resources and Hydropower Press;
12, Hydraulic Manual, Water Resources and Hydropower Press.
Instructor's comments: (Suggestions: comment on the suggestions made by students, make clear whether they agree to open the topic, and make suggestions and precautions for students to complete the above tasks. )
Instructor's signature:
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