The plaque in front of you, "The Tomb of Da Han Taishi Sima Qian", is the ink of the great calligrapher Mr. Qi Gong.
This ancient road is paved with stone slabs, with traces of wheel crushing and wind and rain erosion. Scraggy is a thousand years old road. During the Spring and Autumn Period, before Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, Hancheng belonged to the State of Jin. After Jinfen, Hancheng belonged to Wei's "land of Xihe River". Wei built a Shaoliang City here. In order to get through the traffic between Shaoliang and Hexi, this avenue was dug on the earth cliff in front. Hancheng is the fief of West Zhou Wuwang, which is called "the country of Han", so this road is called "Hanyipo". "Yi" means big, which means that this road is the widest, longest and oldest in Hancheng. Later, Sima Qian Temple was built on its north side, which Hancheng locals also called "Sima Po" and "Sima Ancient Road". There is a saying circulating in Hancheng: "After Sima Po, there are more men than donkeys", praising Hancheng for its talented people, talented people and numerous literati.
The ancient road used to be a slope. In order to prevent the mud truck from slipping in the rain, stone strips were laid in the Northern Song Dynasty. The clear ruts on the stone strips indicate that there was heavy traffic here in history. This ancient road was first built for more than 3 miles, and now only 300 meters is intact. The ancient road is connected with 108 national highway, which can be said to be the predecessor of 108 national highway and expressway more than 800 years ago.
Please look at the words "the mountain rises to the top" on this wooden archway. There is a poem in The Book of Songs that "the mountain rises and the scenery stops". When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records Confucius Family, he praised Confucius with this sentence. The use of these four words here also praised Sima Qian's noble character and lofty morality, which was admired by the world.
Now everyone is stepping on this masonry path, commonly known as "shine to God". 1668, the commander Zhai of Hancheng County led the people of Zhichuan to expand Sima Temple on a large scale, set up an overpass on Simapo, and transported soil from Nanyuan to Sima Temple, laying the foundation for the temple platform. In front of the foundation of the main hall, a ditch several feet deep was filled, and this road leading to the shrine-Shinto was built. God's road is very distinctive, with a low middle and high sides. Make sidewalks in sunny days and drainage channels in rainy days, and use one thing for two purposes.
There are 99 steps ahead. Why build 99 steps? The ancients gave different meanings to different numbers. In ancient times, nine was a great number, and 99 was supreme. Building ninety-nine steps is a metaphor for Sima Qian, who has gone through hardships and made great achievements in history and literature.
The brick archway in the middle of the steps reads "The Day of Rivers and Mountains" and the preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong says: "Move Longmen and farm and graze on the day of rivers and mountains." This is where it came from. This pair of couplets on both sides of the archway is: "Sages despise Taoism, and Chinese historical facts are classics."
Now please look around. To the east, the Yellow River surges, washing away the stagnant gas in the chest; Western Liangshan grey, livestock bright; To the south, the Great Wall of Wei winds like a fence; To the north, the Zhixiu River gurgles into a strip. Handsome rivers and mountains!
The word "Taishi Hall" on the gate of the ancestral temple was inscribed by Wang Zengqi, the magistrate of Hancheng County in the 12th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1886), and the handwriting was dignified and vigorous.
Sima ancestral hall is the main building of Sima Qian's ci tomb. The ancestral hall consists of a sacrificial hall and a bedroom. Xiandian is the place where Sima Qian's descendants worship their ancestors, and this stone table in the middle is a sacrificial table where offerings are placed; The desktop is engraved with piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and two dragons playing with pearls. The couplets posted in the temple are: upright and upright, upright and not arrogant; The bottom line is: you are quiet and angry, and the history of success is shining. Horizontal batch is: "the ancestor of literature and history."
Now, briefly introduce Sima Qian and his experience:
Sima Qian, talented, can read ancient books at the age of 10. When I was a teenager, I studied in my hometown and engaged in farming and animal husbandry activities. 19 years old, followed his father to Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, and worshipped Kong Anguo to learn Shangshu and Dong Zhongshu to learn Chunqiu. At the age of 20, under the arrangement of my father Sima Tan, I traveled to the famous mountains and rivers of my motherland. He goes to Jiuyuan (Baotou, Inner Mongolia) in the north, Jiuyi Mountain in the south, Shaoxing, Zhejiang in the east and Kongtong Mountain in Gansu in the west. Traveling long distances, collecting historical rumors, investigating geographical environment and exploring folk customs have accumulated rich materials for writing historical records. At the age of 23, he became a doctor, which is the emperor's bodyguard. His task is to guard the court and protect the emperor. In 1 10 BC, when Sima Qian was 36 years old, his father Sima Tan went to Mount Tai to meditate with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and died in Luoyang on the way. On his deathbed, he was asked to finish the Book of Taishi Gong. BC 108, Sima Qian was 38 years old. He inherited his father's footsteps and became a Taishiling. Taishiling is a civil servant with a low position, but he is a close minister of the emperor. He is responsible for recording state affairs, words and deeds of princes and princes, drafting imperial edicts, taking charge of astronomy, etiquette and making calendars. He is an adviser to the emperor. In BC 104, Sima Qian worked out the taichu calendar together with the astronomical calendarists, Luo. Taichu calendar calculated that there were seven leap months in 19, and 24 solar terms were completed, which played an important guiding role in agricultural production. This year, Sima Qian revised his father's works and decided to start writing Taishi Gongshu from the Yellow Emperor.
The Historical Records written by Sima Qian is the first biographical general history of China, which can be called the cornerstone of China history. Historical Records not only records many aspects of ancient society, but also has simple and vivid narration and gorgeous writing style. Mr. Lu Xun once praised "Historical Records", saying that "historians never sing, leaving Sao without rhyme".
The plaque of "Founder of Literature and History" was presented by people in Xucun Village, Zhichuan Town on the eighth day of February, Sima Qian's birthday/KLOC-0, 946. There are also woodcut couplets erected on these two pillars, which were also presented by them in 198 1. Then, why did Xu Cunren dedicate a card box to Sima Qian alone?
In the Han Dynasty, castration and beheading belonged to the same level, and copying the whole door to implicate the nine clans was its cure. The descendants of Sima Qian fled their homes in order to avoid this disaster. Ran to the deep mountain near Zhichuan, changed his name and surname, and lived a secluded life. They separated the word Sima and used "Si" and "Ma" as "Tong" and "Feng" respectively, so they shared the same surname with Feng in their new house. Sima two people take Xu as their surname, suggesting that Yu two people. Therefore, Tong, Feng and Xu are descendants of Sima.
There is a Wang Yao Temple in Xucun, on which the word "Fa Wang Palace" is written. According to the local people, these four words are read in reverse, which means "palace king's star method" and "castration perverts the law". In this way, the descendants of Sima Qian commemorated their ancestors and poured out their anger at their unfair treatment.
This is the bedroom, built in 1 125, with a history of more than 800 years and very well preserved. It was not destroyed during the Cultural Revolution. The important reason is that Mao Zedong quoted a sentence from Sima Qian's "Serving the People": "People are inherently mortal, or they are heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather." So it was preserved.
In this warm pavilion in the middle of the bedroom is Sima Qian's colorful clay sculpture. The elephant is 140 cm high, dressed in a red robe, holding bamboo slips and looking north. Sima Qian's face is slightly facing north, and there is a local saying: "Looking north at Li Ling, I miss Su Wu." I have just introduced the situation in Li Ling to you. What's the situation in Su Wu? Su Wu is also a close friend and colleague of Sima Qian. Liang Wudi sent him to the western countries, was detained by the Huns, and was sent to shepherd the North Sea. He didn't return to Chang 'an until 19. Although Sima Qian endured humiliation, he still missed these two old friends, but he didn't see them until his death.
This is the tomb of Sima Qian. Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, recorded what he saw and heard during his visit to the tomb of Sima Qian's shrine in Notes to Water Classics. It is recorded in the book that there is a temple in front of the tomb and a monument in front. In the four years of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, Hanyang was the magistrate of Yin Ji, paying tribute to the remains, building stone chambers, and erecting monuments to trees and cypresses. " From then to now, Sima Qian's tomb has a history of 1600 years.
Now we see a tomb similar to a yurt. It is said that Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu ordered the construction in 1275, and it has been more than 720 years. It is rare to see the eight diagrams brick carvings embedded in the tomb. Gossip is a mysterious symbol, which was used by diviners to convey the wishes of the gods before the appearance of words. After Zhou Wenwang explained its meaning, The Book of Changes came into being. Since then, the Eight Diagrams have been used by Taoists, military strategists and Yin and Yang scholars, and become an all-encompassing philosophical system in China society. According to the Book of Changes, the original meaning of the Eight Diagrams is to "understand the virtues of the gods and love all things", which means to study the changing laws of all things in the world. The aim of Sima Qian's Historical Records is to "study the relationship between man and nature and understand the changes of ancient and modern times". Applying the basic theory of the Book of Changes to the compilation of historical books can also be said to be the practice and development of the theory of the Book of Changes. This is probably the purpose of embedding gossip symbols!
At the top of the tomb, Cooper is divided into five branches, which are called "five sons to test branches". Planting cypress trees in the cemetery is to hope that the spirit of the deceased will last forever like cypress trees; A life with the reputation of "five children entering the subject" is to become the first scholar in the exam and produce more talents after presiding over children and grandchildren.
The Tomb of Sima Gong, the Emperor Taishi of Han Dynasty, was inscribed by Bi Yuan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, on 1776.
There are many inscriptions in Sima Qian Temple. The earliest inscription was written by Doctor Taichang and Hancheng County Magistrate likui jy in Song Dynasty. There is a geometric sentence on the tablet: "If a word is obviously slaughtered, what will happen to Naihan?" "I want to have a drink to the reading legacy. I don't know where it is? " On this monument, Mr. Guo Moruo, an outstanding historian, poet and political activist in modern China, wrote: "Longmen has a spirit, Yu Zhong has a dragon, and his education is unprecedented, and his articles are outstanding." Pity sharpening the axe and exhaling neon. If you pursue your father, you will become a great historian. "He spoke highly of Sima Qian and also commented on Sima Qian's" Farewell to the Eternal ". Other monuments are mostly merit monuments and chronicle monuments.
2005 is the 2nd150th anniversary of Sima Qian's birth, and a large-scale activity of "Chasing the Wind Sima" was held in Hancheng. This is the largest commemoration of Sima Qian since the founding of New China. The activity is divided into three venues, namely Sima Qian Temple, Taishigong Confucius Temple and Xucun Village. Many domestic experts and celebrities attended the commemoration. Thousands of students from universities in Xi signed up for the long-distance race to show their respect for Sima Qian. The event also attracted a large number of descendants of Sima Qian and nearly 20 thousand admirers from all over the country.