"Daoguang" is the title used by Aisingiorro Ning Min after he succeeded to the throne, and the temple name is Xuanzong. Later generations said that the Qing emperor used the year number system more than the temple number system, and this book also used it. At this time, he had been in power for 1 1 year, aged 49, which was nominally half a century according to China's traditional method.
Having another son means that before that, Daoguang Emperor had three sons.
Yi Wei, the eldest son of the emperor, was born in 1808 and was a favorite of Daoguang Emperor. There are many instructions to cultivate educational skills in Qing Shi Lu, from which we can realize the deep fatherly love. 183 1 May, 2008, Yiwei was 23 years old and fell into adulthood, but suddenly died. As for the cause of his death, there is a private record that Yi Wei's teacher forced him to recite scriptures and said, "Study hard and be a good emperor in the future." The youthful Yiwei really didn't want to do such a tasteless (and useless) thing, so he threatened to retort: "I want to be emperor in the future and kill you first!" " "Although this is a young man's impulsive remarks, it is enough to make the teacher dumbfounded. Daoguang Emperor was very angry when he learned of this incident, and immediately summoned Yi Wei. The trembling eldest son was about to kneel down to pay tribute to his father when he was suddenly kicked by Daoguang Emperor, only hurting the lower part, which did not last long. ?
In an authoritarian society, the court is not only a forbidden area for civilians, but also a forbidden area for private figures. Any event that is not conducive to the perfect image of the emperor and the royal family, the official must not leave official records, and the people dare not take notes quietly, dare not specify the source of the news, whether it has been verified, etc., which is extremely important for today's historians to verify. As a result, the official unofficial history, which is widely circulated among the people, may be a rumor or a hard truth that the official tries to cover up, which really puzzles historians. If you believe it, it may be wrong; If you don't believe me, there will be only high-sounding official documents left. This colorful legend of Evie's death will never be verified. Readers might as well listen to this, and don't take it as a definite fact. I will quote a lot of this material later, and I will remind readers irregularly if it is difficult to confirm.
Therefore, in the official records, only Yi Wei, the eldest son of the emperor, "Xin Mao died on April 12, the eleventh year of Daoguang" was recorded, but the cause of death was not recorded. At first, Daoguang treated the funeral according to the example of the prince, and later he was named Baylor. The following month, he was awarded the title of "hidden ambition". This is a posthumous title, the meaning of which is hard to understand.
Yi Gang, the second son of the emperor, was born on 1826,165438+122, died on March 5, 2007, and lived for 104 days. The emperor's third son, Yi Ji, was born on February 2, 829 18301October 22, and lived for 52 days. These two premature babies have no more materials to ponder, but their biological mothers deserve attention. She is the biological mother of the emperor's sixth son and the adoptive mother of the emperor's fourth son, Yi Yi (that is, the author of this book)-Borzigjitkin. She was a quiet wife when she gave birth to the emperor's second son and a quiet princess when she gave birth to the emperor's third son.
Nearly half a year old, Daoguang lost three sons in succession, and the grief can be imagined. However, is he just sad for the emptiness under his knees? Sad for not getting a happy family? I'm afraid in his opinion, he cares more about the court than himself. Daoguang is responsible for this country. His question is, who will inherit his throne?
Don't forget, he is an emperor and he wants to be a good emperor.
When Yi Wei, the eldest son of the emperor, died, was Niu Lulu the favorite imperial concubine in the harem? I am pregnant. I'm afraid she wants to have a son more than Daoguang Emperor. No one knows that no matter how beautiful a beautiful woman is, she will fade with age, so this kind of affection will not last long. In the palace, mothers are more precious than children! If you have a good son, the situation will be different. Not only will there be someone to rely on in the future, but if the son can please his father, wouldn't he be pampered?
Niu Lulu, the daughter of the second-class bodyguard Yi Ling, was born on March 24th, 1808. She is the same age as her eldest son Yi Wei, and Xiao Daoguang is 26 years old. The exact time when she entered the palace is now impossible to verify. History books praised her for entering the palace in the early years of Daoguang (the first year of Daoguang 182 1). This is consistent with the provisions of 13 to 15 years of Manchu official women. When I was a child, I lived with my father in Suzhou, which was very popular with the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. It seems that she is very popular with Daoguang Emperor. As soon as he entered the palace, he was awarded the full title, ranking fifth among the eight levels of "Empress, Imperial concubine, Imperial concubine, Noble, Constant Presence and Infinite" in the harem, which is the lowest level of "theme" (in the Qing Dynasty, the theme above the concubine was obviously different from that below the noble). But 1823, the book is full of imperial concubine, 1825, the book is full of imperial concubine. The rapid rise of this status reflects the favor of Daoguang Emperor, and the word "Du" given by Daoguang Emperor is even more ingenious. Maybe she has everything she needs. According to folk records, she once imitated folk jigsaw puzzles and arranged several pieces of wood into the words "Liuhe Tongchun" as a New Year's toy in the palace. ?
After Niu Zhilu entered the palace, he gave birth to three imperial daughters on 1825 and four imperial daughters on 1826. But in those days, daughters were worthless. Huang's third daughter died on 1835 at the age of ten and was posthumously given to Princess Duanshun Gulen. 1840, the fourth daughter of the emperor married the Mongolian maharaja and was named Princess Angulun. She died in 1860. The two princesses had no influence at that time or later.
Quan Guifei, who gave birth to two imperial daughters and is in labor in Zhan Jingzhai, Yuanmingyuan, hopes that God can give her a prince this time. Whether it's a man or a woman, it's absolutely different, not to mention the special moment when the former san huang died. Therefore, when she finally gave birth to a baby boy, there was an infinite happy smile on her face: I am the real imperial concubine when I have all my children.
As anxious as Niu Zhilu is Daoguang Emperor. Let Quan Guifei be born in Zhan Jingzhai, which is probably the special treatment given to Quan Guifei by Daoguang Emperor. Zhan Jingzhai, named Jiuzhou Qingyan in Qianlong period, is the largest and most important building in Yuanmingyuan. Daoguang was here when he lived in the garden. He can also get news nearby.
The birth time of the emperor's fourth son is ugly. According to the current time scale, it is 1 until 3 am. When the fourth baby boy, actually the eldest son of the emperor, alarmed the night sky with a loud cry, Daoguang Emperor seemed to hear wonderful music. He gave the emperor's fourth son a different name-Yi Yi-instead of tying it to Zi like Yi Wei, Yi Gang and Yi Ji, he used Yan (the first word of the royal male name in the Qing Dynasty was decided by Emperor Kangxi, and the ranking order was Yun, Hong, Yong, Mian and Yi), and the second word of the emperor's son was the same. After the game, the names of governors are all "characters"
1850 After Yi Yi, the fourth son of the emperor, ascended the throne, Zhan Jingzhai was renamed Jifutang. ? This is a blessed land. But in 1860, when the British and French allied forces invaded, it was burned down by the British army and became a disaster area again.
The birth of the emperor's fourth son, Yi Yi, seems to be a good omen. Only six days later, on July 23rd, 183 1, Princess Lu Niu gave birth to the emperor's fifth son. After a year and a half,183365438+1October 1 1, the sixth son of Emperor Yixin was born in Bolzigitkin, Fei Jing. In the seventh year of AD,1840,65438+10, 16, the noble Wu Yashi gave birth to the seventh son of the emperor, Yi Xuan. Four years later, on February 24th, 1844, Wu Yashi, who was promoted to Linfei by a noble person, gave birth to eight emperors. After another year, on June 5438+0845, 165438+ 10/5, Lin Fei Wu Yashi was reborn as the son of the emperor. This is the last son of Daoguang Emperor. 1998 He was 63 years old. ?
It is a blessing to have so many sons at once. Even from the perspective of succession to the throne, the bigger the choice, the more likely it is to pick out the British Lord. If there is only one son, whether it is bright or dark, the future of the court is unknown. In dynastic politics, the establishment of a crown prince is an undisputed top priority.
Daoguang Emperor is an ordinary man with no imagination and creativity. His way of governing the country is called "perseverance", that is, using the methods of ancestors to make his career more brilliant. However, times have changed. From the late Qianlong period, the Qing Dynasty entered another tortuous cycle of "governance" and "chaos" in China, and the flourishing age of health, harmony and dryness disappeared. During the Opium War (1840 to 1842), Enemy at the Gates, a western colonialist, changed the usual trajectory of China society. Daoguang Emperor used the ancestral method to quell the rebellion in Zhang Geer in the northwest, but the same ancestral method was defeated in the southeast coast and was later destroyed by the British "barbarians".
Daoguang Emperor also has his strong points, that is, being earnest and practical. Although he couldn't tell clearly that the disease in Qing Dynasty was a problem of the system itself, he reformed the old system, but he was able to give medicine carefully from pathology and pursue the effect of conditioning and warming. He once said to an incoming official:
I can't tell you much about how things will be corrected when you go here. For example, someone else's big house has collapsed in the east or peeled off in the west for a long time. People who live in houses will put it up for repair at any time, and it will naturally be clean and tidy. If it is allowed to be destroyed, it will require great efforts. Although this language is small, it can be said to be big, and it is also a theory of sudden change in wages. You should think about it. ?
This shows his complicated heart of conservative treatment and refusing major surgery. He is always careful not to take any risks.
Daoguang Emperor is such a short-sighted person who has no farsightedness and broad vision. There is something particularly wrong with judging people. His ministers often go up and down several times, the most famous being He Ying, Yang Fang, Qi Shan and Lin Zexu.
Because of this, when Daoguang turned his eyes to the princes and wanted to choose an heir, he got lost.
Fathers all over the world have always only verbally claimed to treat all children equally, and there must be a distinction between relatives and friends in their hearts. Similarly, the six princes have different positions in the hearts of Daoguang Emperor, and they may not all choose Chu Jun..
First of all, Yi Xuan, the seventh son, Yiyi, the eighth son and Yiyi, the ninth son of the emperor were eliminated. They are 58, 62 and 63 years old respectively. The weather is unpredictable, long live grandpa. Once he dies, how can such a small son afford a big job? This extraordinary joy of child's play decided the fate of the dynasty. No matter how cute these babbling kids look, Daoguang must abandon his personal feelings.
There are four sons, five sons and six sons.
Emperor Wu Ziyi looks unstable and impetuous, and is not cut out for great things. His way of giving birth to cows is becoming more and more arrogant and unreasonable. This son can't choose. So, in February of 1846, Emperor Daoguang simply took action to adopt the emperor's fifth son to his third brother, and Miankai, the prince of Dunkir who had died for eight years, was demoted to King of Dunkir. This is tantamount to clearly declaring that Yi Yi cannot enter the succession system. As for his biological mother, ChristianRandPhillips Niulu, she was also reduced to nobility, and no longer lived in the Lord's seat. Judging from the later facts, this move of Daoguang Emperor should be said to be very correct. The king of Dunjun (later promoted to prince) really can't be emperor. What a funny prank. According to legend, he is an alcoholic. Although there are dishes at the banquet, guests are not allowed to serve, only drinking is allowed. Hungry people want to eat, but they give Chinese chives stuffed buns, which are extremely spicy and difficult to swallow, making them laugh. ? As for the hot weather, the fans of Kuiyi Kwai are sitting in Shichahai (located in the north of Beijing Beihai) to enjoy the cool, which is a scene of street heroes. There are many stories about the old man on the ground in Beijing.
There are four sons and six sons left.
If Liang Wudi's biological mother was not liked by Daoguang Emperor, which was an important reason for his final rejection, then Siwei Emperor's biological mother was Daoguang Emperor's favorite, which might help him dominate. According to the system of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor had one queen, one imperial concubine, two concubines, four concubines and six concubines, and there was no fixed number of nobles below. After Daoguang Emperor succeeded to the throne at the age of 38, he only established Niu Zhilu, the late Di Fujin, as the empress of filial piety, and also established Tong Jiashi, the heir of Fujin. The three levels of imperial concubine, imperial concubine and concubine were temporarily vacant. One Kun's cow Luz was the first to give gifts, the first to be a concubine, and the first to be a concubine. 1833, Queen Tong Jiashi died, and she was promoted to the imperial concubine of the whole emperor, and was ordered to take care of the affairs of the Sixth Palace. A year later, she became the queen again. Although according to the system of the Qing Dynasty, the son of the queen did not have the priority to open a shop, but from the history of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, who dares to underestimate this influence?
However, Yiyi's good times did not last long. When he was 9 years old, his new queen Niulu also died. He is only 32 years old and filial. Daoguang Emperor took him back to Liu Zi's mother Bolzigjitkin.
Boljijin, daughter of Hua Lianga, Foreign Minister of the Ministry of Justice, was born in 18 12, and Xiao Daoguang is 30 years old. When you enter the palace, you will be given the name of Beijing noble. 1826 feng, 1827 Jin, 1834 Jin Fei. She gave birth to two sons, three sons, six daughters and six sons for Daoguang Emperor. After the death of Queen Niu Zhilu, Daoguang promoted her to be the imperial concubine of Huang Jing. However, despite doting on her (moving to Jin is second only to Niu Zhilu's biological mother in the palace), she was not made queen, and she was no longer made queen. Maybe this is to commemorate the filial piety queen's cow road?
As far as appearance is concerned, the fourth son of Emperor Yi is not as handsome as the sixth son of Emperor Yi Xin. He is a cripple. Private letter said:
Wenzong (the temple name after Yi Yin's death) is weak and good at riding. When he was a prince, he fell off his horse while hunting for animals in Nanyuan and hurt his stock. It is inconvenient to travel all your life after being dealt with by the court. ?
The author of this note said that the news came from Renyun in Dunwangfu (that is, the game); It was already the Republic of China when it was written, so it seems more reliable to dare to disclose the source. From a mortal's point of view, the lame is not suitable for the real dragon emperor. What does Daoguang think of this?
Although Daoguang didn't know human talents, he clearly felt the difference between the two sons: Yi Kuang, the fourth son of the emperor, was old and wise, but less talented; Huang is brilliant, brilliant, but he doesn't look so reliable. Both have their own strengths. Just like today's teachers and parents, there is no obvious division into two factions. One school likes honest and obedient children with good academic performance, while the other likes smart and lively children with good and bad academic performance. Although these two kinds of children are cute, if they are put in a responsible position when they grow up, the latter seems to be obviously superior, although they may encounter great trouble. As for the evaluation of "not so reliable", it is the opinion of ordinary talents and not necessarily reliable.
In an authoritarian society, the establishment of reserves can only come from divine rule. Other people's suggestions have gone beyond the rules, and it is even more dangerous to miss them. The establishment of Emperor Kangxi's treasury caused much controversy, so that after Yong Zhengdi came to power, the killing, customs clearance and management were bloody. Yin Jian is not far away. Therefore, Yong Zhengdi created a secret building system: the emperor wrote a secret storage order, sealed in a box and hidden behind the "Fair and Bright" plaque in Gan Qing Palace. After the death of the emperor, inspired by the ministers in charge of military affairs, the emperor succeeded to the throne in accordance with the provisions of the Imperial Book. Emperor Qianlong made this method a permanent system.
The secret construction system avoids the disputes between governors for the throne, and also avoids the disputes between internal and external ministers who collude with each other to support close governors. Because, before the emperor died, everything was absolutely secret. If a prince wants to be elected crown prince, he can only win his father's heart by his own performance.
In this way, Daoguang Emperor is even more troublesome. He can't listen to the courtiers' opinions like other military affairs, and even openly express his likes and dislikes for a certain prince, which will cause some confusion inside and outside the palace. He can only see for himself, think for himself, judge for himself and keep everything in his heart. In his mind, the four sons of the emperor and the six sons of the emperor are inseparable. As a result, he was indecisive and difficult to make up his mind. This is a big event!
The nature of Daoguang Emperor decided that he was more likely to be associated with Yi Kuang, the fourth son of the Emperor. They are the same type of people. On the bright side, great minds think alike; When it comes to disadvantages, it can also be called sympathy or misery loves company. There is a great possibility that the fourth son of the emperor will be selected. But Daoguang always pays attention to the emperor's sixth son Yixin, and seems to often consider establishing Yixin as Chu Jun. unofficial history said:
Xuanzong (that is, Daoguang Emperor) loved Prince Gong Zhong the most in his later years (that is, with his heart), at the expense of great cause. When Jin He sealed his name, several books honored Wang's name. With the virtue of literate Sect (that is, Yi Yi), he lived a long life and hesitated. ?
Also known as:
When Xuanzong was tired and diligent, the palace was the most favored by the queen (referring to the static imperial concubine Boljijijin, which will be described later), and she tasted her name in advance and placed it on the forehead of the temple. An internal supervisor watched at the foot of the stairs, and when he saw that the last one was very long, he suspected that the book was trustworthy, so he heard about it a little. Xuanzong knew it and hated it, but it was more cultured. After becoming a queen, Xuanzong collapsed. When he was seriously ill, Wenzong waited on him. Later, he fainted and thought he was happy. He took his hand and said, "Grandma (Manchu father) is trying to set you up. If this is the case now, she will die. You should love yourself. " Being enlightened as a literate sect is very embarrassing. The literati is self-sworn, and he must preserve the trust.
Also known as:
King Gong was the sixth son of Xuanzong, and Xuanzong loved him very much. His favourite is the crown of the prince, and he has won several titles. Xuanzong was about to collapse, and suddenly ordered his servant to announce Brother Liu. When Wenzong entered the palace, he went to the door of the bedroom to offer condolences. As soon as I heard that my life was very confusing, I fell ill and entered the waiter. Xuanzong saw and sighed. In a coma, he is still asking, "Is Brother Liu there?" . When the king (palace) arrived, the driving had collapsed. When the literati ascended the throne, Gong Wang was suspected ...?
It is rare to have objections to the succession to the throne. First, the secret building system ensures its confidentiality and reliability; Second, people at that time, especially the parties, did not dare to show disrespect to the heir emperor. Since Yong Zhengdi, Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing and Emperor Daoguang have all been on the throne, but this time there are rumors. However, none of the three materials cited above can be verified, and we may even doubt their reliability. The first article said that Daoguang tried to write Yixin's name on the storage list several times. This is purely a personal psychological activity. How can outsiders know? The second article said that the eunuch had been spying on the last pen for a long time and thought it was trustworthy, which was more like a fable. The third article describes the scene of Daoguang Emperor's death, which is not only inconsistent with the official documents, but also implies that the person who comes first may succeed to the throne, which is even more inconsistent with the Qing Dynasty system. If we look at the three materials, we can say that Yi Yi is a literate Sect, and the weight of Yi Xin at that time after Yi Yi's death can explain why this statement has been popular for some time.
So, is it groundless to say that Yixin may be selected?
No, it's clearly recorded in the file.
1846, Daoguang was 64 years old, when he felt unwell. He no longer hesitates for a long time to establish a stored event. On August 7th, he made the final decision, and Zhu Bi wrote The Book of the Empire of Li Chu.
The existing imperial books in China No.1 Historical Archives are 9.5×2 1.6 cm 4-button origami. The first line on the right reads:
Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor, was made a prince.
The second line on the right reads:
The fourth son of the emperor, Yi Yi, became the Crown Prince.
The third line from the right is Manchu in the second line. (See the figure on page 28)
This imperial book is wrapped in two layers of yellow paper. On the first layer of yellow paper, Daoguang wrote in calligraphy on June 16th, 26th (that is, August 7th, 1846), and Daoguang Emperor signed it personally. On the second yellow paper, "Ten Thousand Years" and Zhu Bi were written in Manchu, and the name was Daoguang Emperor.
It is unprecedented to write the names of two people in an imperial book. Emperor Daoguang, who kept his promise, was an exception, showing his hesitation between the four sons of the emperor and the six sons of the emperor. Although he finally chose Yi Yi, he also gave Yi Xin the highest position he could give. All the rumors about the four sons of the emperor and the six sons of the emperor were confirmed by this imperial book.
And the archives kept by the First Historical Archives of China? The box seems to be more telling. It is made of nanmu, which is very beautiful. Except for the side where the hinge is placed, seals are affixed to all three sides that can be opened. The seals at both ends have the autograph of Emperor Daoguang, and the seals on the front have the autograph of Emperor Daoguang.
Beginning of autumn in the 26th year of Daoguang (the following handwriting is incomplete)?
Case: In the 26th year of Daoguang, beginning of autumn was on August 8th in the solar calendar 1846, and on June 7th in the lunar calendar 17, which was the second day when Emperor Daoguang ascended the throne. That is to say, after Daoguang Emperor wrote Zhu Yu, he still hesitated to see if he had made a wrong choice. It was not until the next day that he made up his mind.
From the archives, we can't see whether Daoguang Emperor set up storage before this, but what is certain is that Daoguang Emperor has not changed it since then. At this time, there are still 3 years and 6 months before his death 16 days.
The balance finally tilted to one side. Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor, was finally eliminated. Later, people constantly accused Daoguang Emperor of making a big mistake of 100 years. I am mediocre, I am alert; Conservative, cheerful and enterprising. After the mantle messed up the country, Yixin actually cleaned up the situation of "rejuvenating the country with the same light" Although people are not sure that E-mail will replace E-mail, it will certainly save the national fortune (E-mail was mainly idle when E-mail was in power; "Zhongxing Tongguang" is not a single-minded force, but mainly depends on later generations Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang. But people can be sure that if Yixin came to be emperor, there would be no Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Cixi. This devilish woman with shallow knowledge and profound politics has been in power for nearly 50 years, which has brought too much pain and disaster to this country. ...
People's accusations can indeed be established, because they are based on visible historical endings. But what can Daoguang Emperor see? In front of him, only one child has just turned 15 years old, and the other is not yet 14 years old.
Two years later, in 1848, Daoguang Emperor married Yi Kuang, the fourth son of the emperor, and conferred Sadak, the daughter of Shao Qingfutai, as the Prince of Fujin in Taibu Temple. Write a plaque "Ledaotang" for the sixth son of Emperor Yixin. Only he can explain the meaning of the word "Ledao". Two years later, 1850, Saskatchewan died, not far from the death of Daoguang Emperor. It's just that "Ledaotang" became the title of Yi Xin's poems, which we can still see today.