The American College of Pathologists (CAP) is a non-profit clinical laboratory accreditation organization in the United States. According to the business standards and operational guidelines of CLSI and CLIA 88( 1988), CAP has made detailed checklists for all aspects of clinical laboratories, and ensured that the laboratories meet the quality standards through strict requirements. CAP is committed to the standardization and improvement of clinical laboratory procedures; Advocating high-quality, economical and effective medical and health care services has a greater influence than any other organization, so it is an internationally recognized leader in laboratory quality assurance and an authoritative laboratory management and certification organization.
CAP certification is an international demonstration organized by American Association of Pathologists. Since 1962, it has been widely adopted and implemented in the United States, and since 1994, it has been recognized as the most suitable international laboratory standard by all countries in the world. The laboratory certified by CAP represents that its laboratory quality has reached the top level in the world and has been recognized by relevant international institutions.
Boya Life is the first stem cell bank in China that has passed CAP review, which means that the laboratory testing ability of Boya stem cell bank and China has reached the international advanced level.
Chinese name: CAP American Pathologist Association mbth: American College of Pathologists, CAP was founded in 1946 Nature: American Pathologist Association, non-profit clinical laboratory accreditation body, mission, history, evaluation criteria, differences, comparison, accounting procedure committee, CAP principle, open source C#. NET library, carrier-free amplitude modulation technology, access port, encryption analysis program, early warning protocol, physical property table, etc. CAP is a leading organization that serves patients, pathologists and the public by promoting and advocating excellent practices in pathology and laboratory medicine. Established in 1946, with 50 years of laboratory accreditation experience. It is composed of nearly 65,438+08,000 pathologists with professional qualifications. It advocates high-quality and cost-effective patient care and is widely regarded as the leader of laboratory quality assurance. CAP is the world's leading laboratory quality certification program, covering many countries. At present, more than a dozen laboratories in China have reached this standard and obtained CAP approval, and they are growing rapidly in major first-and second-tier cities. CAP quality improvement projects are spread all over the world and proved to be an effective peer evaluation model. It is considered as the "gold standard" of the global certification industry. CAP certification list provides a comprehensive, in-depth and up-to-date blueprint for quality practice covering all laboratory disciplines. Obtaining CAP certification can bring many benefits to medical laboratories. Comprehensive evaluation: accreditation and evaluation cover all disciplines of the laboratory, and realize the evaluation of various management functions. Expert review group: experts in various fields meet the requirements of laws and regulations; CAP standards meet and exceed the standards stipulated by local laws and regulations. Excellent education and learning opportunities: effective evaluation tools to help laboratory personnel continuously improve and improve the quality of diagnosis through education; A quality improvement system that has been proved effective by the world's top laboratories and large medical institutions; Preventing and reducing laboratory diagnosis errors and safety risks is helpful to realize mutual recognition of test results. It is considered to be the best in the world: the highest laboratory accreditation in the world helps to improve the quality of hospital patient care; It is a "passport" evaluation standard to enter the international pharmaceutical CRO market. CAP evaluation criteria are based on CAP's own checkpoints. Inspection points can be purchased through CAP website or obtained free of charge after applying for certification. CAP has 18 evaluation points, including: anatomy and pathology, chemistry and toxicology, cytogenetics, cytopathology, flow cytometry, foreign body detection, blood and coagulation, histocompatibility, immunology, general laboratory requirements, limited service laboratory, microbiology, molecular pathology, bedside detection, reproductive laboratory, laboratory leadership evaluation, blood transfusion medicine and urine analysis. After the laboratories applying for CAP certification report their experimental projects and professional groups, CAP will tailor the focus of evaluation and inspection for each laboratory according to its service scope. Laboratories usually require that the general list be applicable to all teams in the laboratory. Each review point consists of numbered questions, comments, opinions, references, question level: I or II (first stage or second stage) and answer options (not applicable, yes and no). The first question requires the certification laboratory to meet this requirement as much as possible, and the second question requires the certification laboratory to meet this requirement. If it is found that more than 5% of the review points do not meet the CAP requirements during the field review, it will not pass the CAP certification. All inspection laboratories that pass CAP need to be inspected every two years to be qualified. O 17025 can be used for all laboratory accreditation, while CAP and ISO 15 189 are specially used for medical laboratory accreditation. A laboratory applying for CAP certification must declare all its projects and pass on-site audit before it can pass CAP certification, while a laboratory applying for ISO 15 189 certification does not need to declare all projects. JCI and the familiar International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards are international certification standards of institutions rather than laboratories. The difference is that ISO standard is more suitable for companies, factories and other products production and sales enterprises, while JCI standard is an international medical industry standard specially used for medical institution certification. Sun Fu and Wang Hua discussed in detail the main differences between CAP, JCI, ISO9000 and ISO17025/15189. Providing interventricular interstitial assessment activities for participating laboratories is a major feature of CAP. Clinical laboratory accreditation is gradually showing an international trend, mainly reflected in the international accreditation system-CAP laboratory accreditation has been widely accepted worldwide. The technical level required by CAP accreditation standards is not international, especially the legal basis cited is the relevant laws of the United States, so it is not adopted by most countries in the world. International organizations related to laboratory accreditation require national accreditation bodies to use ISO/IEC 17025 or 15 189 as the basis for medical laboratory accreditation. In view of the above reasons, China's accreditation bodies do not recognize the accreditation results of CAP. Comparing DMT and G Lite, we can compare the other two technologies: DMT and G Lite. The American Accounting Procedure Committee has recognized the importance of accounting theory to accounting standards since it was the first institution to formulate accounting standards. However, due to different environments and conditions, some institutions only have ideas but have not put them into action (such as CAP); Some institutions have already taken actions and obtained research results, but they have not been recognized (they have not even acquired knowledge like APB, so the results can only be shelved and their efforts are in vain). Only the Financial Accounting Standards Board is the lucky winner, but its progress in CF has absorbed the beneficial achievements of its former institutions and other accounting organizations to a great extent, and it is unfair to estimate the contribution of the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Once again, it proves that accounting theory has inheritance. In this regard, we can find evidence from the development of basic theories and concepts used to guide GAAP in the United States until the current conceptual framework of financial accounting. The Accounting Procedure Committee (CAP), which exists in 1936 ~ 1959, is the first authoritative non-governmental accounting standard-setting institution in the United States after the Great Depression and the promulgation of the Securities Law and the Securities Exchange Law in the 1930s. Accounting research bulletins, an accounting standard document representing generally accepted accounting principles, is often ridiculed by people. Because these bulletins are not produced on the basis of research, they are just different practices and choose what is accepted by most practical circles. There is no theoretical basis, which leads to different opinions of members. In this way, the accounting treatment method can only be given greater flexibility, which leads to great differences in the reported net income of similar enterprises because they adopt different accounting methods. It must be pointed out that the accounting project Committee did not attach importance to theory. They had imagined to study the basic theory of a set of accounting standards first, and then formulate accounting standards on this basis, but it will take about five years to realize this research plan. On the one hand, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) does not allow the accounting project committee to spend up to five years studying the basic accounting theory without solving the current urgent problems; On the other hand, in 1936, the American Accounting Association published the interim statement of accounting principles on which the company's financial statements were based, and the publication time ranged from 194 1 948, 1950, 1954 and/. If the Accounting Planning Committee does not formulate accounting standards quickly according to the hot issues at that time, the right to formulate generally accepted accounting principles may fall into the hands of the American Accounting Association. In addition, the number of members of the Accounting Procedure Committee was only 7 at first, but it was increased to 2 1 person later. All members are certified public accountants, and all of them are * * * without salary subsidies. Therefore, we estimate that in addition to the pressure from the SEC, due to the lack of funds and researchers, the Accounting Planning Commission had to give up the original idea of formulating basic accounting theories. Bad things can be turned into good things. Accounting research bulletins was formulated by the Accounting Scheme Committee, which led to the decrease of comparability of enterprise statements and the inability to have their own unique opinions when solving new accounting problems, thus making people see that the formulation of accounting research bulletins lacked theoretical basis, which eventually became one of the important reasons why the Accounting Scheme Committee was replaced by the Accounting Principles Committee. The experience of the United States shows that the accounting standards formulated by standard-setting institutions (called "GAAP" in the United States) need two conditions to be recognized by the public: first, the support of accounting theorists; The second is the authority granted by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (Evans, 2003). Therefore, reviewing the process of American accounting standards formulation, the basic theory used to formulate standards has always been a concern of accounting circles. In cap principle, cap theory has three elements: C coordination, A availability and partition tolerance. CAP principle means that these three elements can only achieve two points at the same time, and it is impossible to take care of three points. Therefore, a trade-off must be made when designing a decentralized architecture. For distributed data systems, partition tolerance is a basic requirement, otherwise it will lose its value. Therefore, the design of distributed data system is to strike a balance between consistency and availability. For most WEB applications, consistency is not necessary, so sacrificing consistency for high availability is the direction of most distributed database products. Of course, sacrificing consistency does not completely ignore the consistency of data, otherwise the data will be chaotic, and then the system availability will be high and then dispersed, which is worthless. Sacrificing consistency means that there is no need for strong consistency in relational databases, as long as the system can achieve the final consistency. Considering the customer experience, this final consistent time window should be as transparent as possible to users, that is, to ensure the "consistency of user perception." Usually, the high availability of the system and the final consistency of the data are achieved through multiple asynchronous copies of the data, and the time window of "user-perceived consistency" depends on the time when the data is copied to a consistent state. In the end, consistency can be divided into two different angles for consistency: client and server. From the client's point of view, consistency mainly refers to the problem of how to obtain updated data when multiple concurrent accesses are made. From the server's point of view, it is how to copy and distribute updates to the whole system to ensure the final consistency of data. Consistency is a problem caused by concurrent reading and writing, so when understanding the problem of consistency, we must pay attention to the scenario of concurrent reading and writing. From the client's point of view, when multiple processes access concurrently, different strategies for different processes to obtain updated data determine different consistency. For relational databases, it is required that the updated data can be seen by subsequent visits, which is strong consistency. If it can tolerate that some or all subsequent accesses are unavailable, then it is weak consistency. If you need to access updated data after a period of time, this is the ultimate consistency. The final consistency can be divided into: causal consistency according to the time and way of accessing data by each process after updating data. If process A informs process B that it has updated a data item, subsequent accesses by process B will return the updated value, and the write operation will guarantee to replace the previous write operation. The access of process C, which has no causal relationship with process A, follows the general final consistency rule. Consistency of "reading what you write" When process A updates a data item by itself, it always accesses the updated value without seeing the old value. This is a special case of causal consistency model. Session consistency. This is the actual version of the previous model, which puts the processes accessing the storage system in the context of the session. As long as the conversation exists, the system ensures the consistency of "reading what you write". If the session is terminated due to some fault, a new session will be established, and the system guarantees that the new session will not be continued. Monotonous reading consistency. If the process has seen a value of the data object, then any subsequent access will not return the value before that value. Monotonous writing consistency. The system guarantees that the writes from the same process are executed in sequence. If the system cannot guarantee this degree of consistency, then programming will be very difficult. The above different ways of final consistency can be combined, such as monotonous reading consistency and reading what you have written. And from a practical point of view, the combination of the two, reading their own update data, once read the latest version, do not read the old version, for the program development on this architecture will be much less extra trouble. From the server's point of view, how to distribute the updated data to the whole system as soon as possible and reduce the time window to achieve the final consistency is a very important aspect to improve the system usability and user experience. For distributed data system: n- number of copies of data, w- number of nodes to be written when updating data, r- number of nodes to be read when reading data if w+r >; N, if the write node and the read node overlap, it is strong consistency. For example, in a typical relational database with synchronous replication of one master and one standby, N=2, W=2, R= 1, the data in both the master database and the standby database are consistent. If w+r; =3。 Different combinations of N, W, R W and R strike a balance between usability and consistency to adapt to different application scenarios. If N=W, R= 1, any write node fails, which will lead to write failure, so the availability will be reduced. However, because the N nodes of data distribution are written synchronously, strong consistency can be guaranteed. If n = r and w = 1, only one node needs to write successfully, and the writing performance and availability are relatively high. However, the process that reads other nodes may not get updated data, so it is weakly consistent. In this case, if W.
Reflects the transmitted data stream, so this technology is called "carrier-free". Firstly, the transmission characteristics of non-forbidden twisted pair are analyzed, then the principle block diagram of realizing CAP modulation and demodulation is given, and the functions of each functional module are explained in detail. Then, according to the relevant standards of ATM forum, the in-phase and quadrature digital shaping filters and CAP modulators are designed and implemented. Finally, the selection of roll-off coefficient is discussed in combination with the actual situation. There is a tape access port (CAP) in the tape library: there is a standard 26-slot CAP encryption analysis program in the modular tape library system of Storytek SL 3000. Is a practical cryptography software, running on a WINDOWS-based PC, which can generate and crack passwords under certain conditions. It is a supporting teaching software for the cryptology textbook Classic Cryptography and Modern Cryptography (Tsinghua Publishing House). The General Alert Protocol (CAP) is a simplified and standardized XML data format, which is suitable for various networks to exchange disaster emergency alert and public alert information. CAP is suitable for early warning and emergency warning of weather, geology, earthquake, volcano, health and other disasters. Under the CAP standard, all kinds of alarms become a unified format. At the same time, this alarm format is suitable for all kinds of media, such as alarm, mobile phone, fax, radio, TV, Internet and so on. CAP makes all kinds of early warning have a unified format. On the one hand, it avoids the repeated construction and waste of resources of early warning system, and can save social costs. At the same time, based on this, various social organizations can further develop early warning products. CAP standard is maintained by the Technical Committee for Emergency Management of the Organization for the Promotion of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), also known as ITU)X. 1303 Recommendation. 20 10 On August 2nd, OASIS published the version of the Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) General Warning Protocol (CAP) 1.2, which is a message format for exchanging emergency warnings and public warnings on various networks. Through the international cooperation between the public sector and the private sector, CAP 1.2 has become the official OASIS standard, which is the highest form of standard recognition. EDXL-CAP can distribute messages with the same structure to several different communication early warning systems at the same time. This standard is easy to understand and implement. All the hazards and media formats it has mean that it can send out notices through radio, television, mobile phones, e-mail and other media. The new CAP provides digital signature support, which increases the security and authentication for the next generation alarm system. Physical properties table filler/reinforcing material silicone filler, 50% of the filler passed the weight part code (ISO11469) > LCP-Q50 <; Test method of physical performance grade unit system density1.71g/cm&; Sup3 Capricorn's representative star: Saturn CAP: E.coli CAP (another possibility of cross-Mr. Cross) CAP: It is an activated protein of E.coli catabolic gene, which can transmit the signal of glucose starvation to many operons, so that bacteria can use other carbon sources when they lack glucose. CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) refers to the inflammation of pulmonary parenchyma (including alveolar wall, that is, interstitial lung in a broad sense) outside the hospital, including pneumonia caused by pathogen infection with a clear incubation period and an average incubation period after admission. Capillary tube Capillary tube French words. It means dare. For example: CAPOU PAS CAP? (Dare? ) CAP (compound action potential) nerve trunk compound action potential CAP (cellulose acetate propionate), a plastic raw material. CAP (Europe * * *) * * is the same as the common agricultural policy. CAP(CORRECTIVEACTION PLAN) CAP: A line coding technology is a single carrier transmission mechanism, which is mainly composed of three basic channels, namely the uplink transmission channel. Downlink and voice transmission (POTS). Voice transmission (POTS) is mainly responsible for transmitting voice signals, and is usually the highest priority service object. It can be divided into priority, CAP (content access period) and contention access period through QOS. Competitive access is a communication mechanism when multiple parties use channels in wireless network communication. CAP- When used as a root, it means "head". CAP: cellulose acetate phthalate This product is a white flowable powder, tasteless and slightly vinegar-flavored. Insoluble in water, ethanol and hydrocarbons. Soluble in a certain amount of ketones, esters, ether alcohols, cyclic ethers and some mixed solvents, soluble in buffer solution and alkaline solution with pH lower than 6.0. Long-term high temperature and high humidity will cause slow hydrolysis, which will lead to the increase of acidity and viscosity and the increase of acetic acid smell. This product is used as enteric coating material, microcapsule membrane material and sustained release material in medicine. As a coating material, the dosage is 0.5 ~ 0.9% of the weight of the tablet core, and the conventional coating process or newer spraying process can be adopted. The amount used for other purposes shall be determined as appropriate. The water resistance of the film can be enhanced by using the following compatible plasticizers: dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, ethyl phthalate, butyl phthalate, glycerol tripropionate, dibutyl tartrate, glycerol, propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol glyceryl acetate. CAP: cellulose acetate phthalate CAP contains free carboxyl, which is enteric-soluble, insoluble in strong acid and soluble in pH >；; 6 in aqueous solution. It can be used as a capsule material alone or in combination with gelatin. CAP: catabolic activating protein is also called catabolic activating protein, or CAP for short. The product of regulatory genes in catabolic repression is catabolic gene activating protein (CAP), which can be activated by binding with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), helping RNA polymerase to bind with promoter and promoting transcription. CAP: electrolytic capacitor is short for capacitor. Short for nonpolar capacitor in circuit diagram. CER。 Capacitor, ceramic capacitor; Electrolytic capacitor; Capacitor chip, patch capacitor. Cap: The process is represented by compressed air CAP: Carrier-free amplitude and phase modulation CAP: binary 1 by increasing or decreasing (pulse modulation) the voltage on the wire. Binary 0. CAP (Community Acquired Pneumonia) CAP refers to the accreditation of clinical laboratories by the American Pathology Society. Accreditation criteria are based on CAP's own documents, mainly referring to the business standards and operational guidelines of NCCLS. CAP (Combat Air Patrol) Combat air patrol mission, referred to as CAP for short, refers to fighter planes flying around an area along a fixed route in the military, and is usually used for early warning and protecting the area from enemy attacks. Umbrella mushroom top umbrella (mushroom umbrella) Cap Community art partnership Cap: common agricultural policy among EU member states; agricultural product export policy CAP: chloramphenicol for short.