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Zhang Bangchang's Historical Review
Legend has it that Zhang Bangchang, a traitor in the Song Dynasty, was from Dalongwan, Dongguang County, which is consistent with the records in Dongguang County Records. But if you want to ask in Dalongwan Village, no one will admit it. Probably from the ancestors of this village, I have been jealous of this matter.

In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), in March, Zhang Bangchang appeared in black powder under the arrangement of the Jin people and became a puppet emperor. He himself knows that the persuasion of officials is out of helplessness, not because he won the hearts of the people, so he is not very rampant, but because he is humble and pretentious everywhere and buys people's hearts.

On the day of his accession to the throne, he boarded the Wende Hall and set a seat in the west of the imperial bed to be congratulated, so that the cabinet door ordered the officials not to worship. In order to please Zhang Bangchang, the left-behind Wang Shiyong led hundreds of officials to pay homage. Zhang Bangchang hurriedly raised my hand and stood up, a pair of humility, disgusting appearance. On that day, the sky was bleak, dark clouds covered the sun, and the evil wind was everywhere. Guan Bai thought that his country was broken, so he had to change his surname from now on, with a depressed face and no festive color. Zhang Bangchang face some would. Only Wang Shiyong, Wu Bai, Mo Zhuo, Fan Qiong and others rejoiced and gathered proudly around Zhang Bangchang, just like the founding fathers who made contributions with their lives! When the official visit was over, Wang Shiyong and others knelt down and asked for a bag. When he was crowned king, Yong led the province for knowing the Privy Council, Wu Bai led the province for knowing the Privy Council, Mo Zhuo signed a book for knowing the Privy Council, Lv Haowen led the province for knowing the Privy Council, and Xu Bingzhe led the province for knowing the Privy Council. He also ordered officials: "The imperial court changed frequently for many days, and the ministers were dereliction of duty. From then on, it was supervised by Yushitai, and everyone obeyed the law and performed their duties. " He claimed that he didn't call himself "I", but he still called himself "Yu". The imperial edict is called "Xuan" and the calligraphy is called "book"; Rulers and attendants can sit together to discuss state affairs, and their words can be called by name; You don't wear imperial clothes on weekdays, and you don't have to pay attention to your diet and daily life when you meet gold people. Every time Wang Shiyong reports to Zhang Bangchang, he always says "Your Majesty", while Zhang Bangchang pretends to teach him a lesson.

Zhang Bangchang thought that at the beginning of his succession, he should be affable and win the hearts of the people, so he wanted to announce an amnesty. Lu Haowen, a province under Quanlingmen, asked, "All the walls of the capital are occupied by Jin people. What kind of world is Amnesty? " Zhang Bangchang was speechless and embarrassed.

The Jin people supported him as emperor and immediately became a special envoy, demanding that the imperial clan of the Northern Song Dynasty be taken hostage. Zhang Bangchang did not dare to neglect, so he sent Xu Bingzhe to search the imperial clan, and more than 3,000 people were escorted to Jin Ying. Jin people were dissatisfied and urged them to pay. The Kaifeng government shares the payment with the household registration as the unit, and the payment is limited to one day. However, the people of Beijing and China even fell into war, and even if they lost everything, they could not make up for this astronomical figure.

Zhang Bangchang analyzed his situation in his mind: it was the gold man who helped him get the golden bowl and manipulated his lifeline. Jin was born happy, but died angry. Never offend Jin people. But once this big tree is evacuated, the soldiers and civilians in the city may not all buy their own accounts. You can't do things too well, and you have broken the back road. So he wrote a book to the Jin people, begging them not to rush money and silk: "I can't forget your kindness, but even if I give my life, I can't repay it." The people in the city have been trapped for a long time because of the siege, and countless people have starved to death. Although someone is willing to raise it, he has no money to make a living, but he wants to help but has no food to continue living. In your country, you are in a hurry and many people can't find their own way. I hope I can be compassionate and avoid gold and silver. "

The Jin people got a lot of benefits from looting, knowing that there was not much oil and water to squeeze from this lean meat, so they would sell it to him as a favor, promise him no gold and silver, and return to the north with the second emperor and the imperial clan. It is said that Song Huizong and Song Qinzong will be taken to the north by the Jin people. Zhang Bangchang was very happy, but in order to buy people's hearts and hide their eyes and ears, he used the emperor's ceremonial guards to drive them away, took off his robe and put on a white robe, and led the civil and military officials and the people in the city to set up a table sweetmeats at Nanxun Gate. Facing the golden camp where the second emperor was imprisoned, he bowed down from afar, weeping bitterly and looking loyal. However, when he went to Jinying to say goodbye to his benefactor, he changed his color again. He wore a red robe and coat, imposing. Wang Shiyong, Xu Bingzhe, Wu Bai, Mo Zhuo and other stars are surrounded by the moon, just like a real dragon emperor.

In the spring of this year, WanYanZongWang withdrew first, and he escorted Hui Zong, Queen Ningde and princes and concubines to the north via Slippery State. Three days later, Jin Shuai Hong Yan Han Zong went north from Zhengzhou with Qin Zong and the Empress Dowager and left the capital. When the Jin people besieged the city, they invaded and plundered everywhere, even dug graves, dug up bodies and abandoned them in the wilderness, and fed them with coffins. On the eve of withdrawal, countless stockades were burned inhumanely. At that time, the smoke was rolling and the flames were soaring, but the nomads from the army were singing and laughing at the gates. When Ren Jin left, he asked Zhang Bangchang if he wanted to stay in the army and seek protection. Zhang Bangchang is eager for Ren Jin's support. However, Lu Haowen, a province with the right to lead the door, refused to say: "I am afraid that the soldiers in the north are not used to the water and soil in the south and cannot be stationed with peace of mind." The gold man tried again: "How about keeping only one Baylor?" Lv Haowen also used Baylor as an excuse to stay, for fear that he could not bear the responsibility. The Jin people had to withdraw from the north. Zhang Bangchang was very angry and blamed Lv Haowen. Lu Haowen said; ""xianggong "said to you, humiliation Ren Jin crept to the throne, it is helpless. Now that Ren Jin is gone, Xianggong should take it after Xu Tu. " Xianggong, please think twice. In the past, ministers advised Jin and Jin to advance, and people were afraid of Jin and Jin tyranny. Now that the golden man has gone, how can "xianggong" maintain his prestige? Now Kang Wang is a descendant of the royal family. He leads troops away from home, and everyone returns to his heart. Why not support Kang Wang, the "xianggong"? For today's sake, we should welcome Queen Yuan You and ask Kang Wang to be saved on the throne. "The army empire Ma Su also asked to cater to Kang Wang. Zhang Bangchang weighed the pros and cons, knowing that the Jin people had returned to the north, and the tide was gone, he should also leave himself a retreat, so he decided to follow Lv Haowen's plan. Wang Shiyong objected: "It is difficult to ride a tiger now, so you should think twice before you act, lest you regret it in the future." Xu Bingzhe also agrees with Wang Shiyong. However, Zhang Bangchang is much more cunning than these two short-sighted guys. He immediately registered Queen Yuan You as the Empress Dowager of Song Dynasty and entered the Royal Yanfu Palace. He also sent Jiang to see Kang Wang: "Bangchang is eager to save the country for a while, and there is no other attempt!" He also shamelessly fabricated a big story about his loyalty to the country: "Bangchang learned that the second emperor was covered in dust, crying for his heart, threw himself on the ground and died for his country, but when he woke up, he was rejected by the Jin people and killed him." It's really hard to argue. Bangchang begged for his death by touching the head of the column, but the Jin people couldn't guard him day and night, and he couldn't beg for his death ... Suddenly, hundreds of officials in the city jointly persuaded him to push Bangchang to avoid it. If Bangchang has soldiers in his hand, he must fight Daikin to the end! Bangchang didn't want to drag out an ignoble existence because of humiliation, but only advised baiguan: "The situation has reached this point. Although death can't make the second emperor move back, only by taking the power of the whole people can the imperial clan be preserved and stay in the future. If you persist for a while and die, it will definitely bring trouble to the second emperor. How can I be a loyal minister? "Originally, the governor, as a yufu, owed from generation to generation, and the main humiliation could not die. How does he face the world? However, considering the plan of revival, I really can't bear to die regardless of my home country! Soon, Zhang Bangchang sent Xie Kejia to give Kang Wang the imperial seal, a life-giving treasure of the Great Song Dynasty, and sent someone to ask Queen Yuan You to listen to politics in calligraphy, so he retired to Taizai. He also sent a special envoy to Nanking to present Kang Wang with chariots, clothes and other royal items. Soon, he personally rushed to Nanjing to see Kang Wang. When Zhang Bangchang saw King Kang, his performance was even more vivid. He cried in front of Kang Wang and asked Kang Wang to give him the death penalty. Kang Wang comforted each other and spared him the death penalty. In this way, in May of the second year of Jingkang (1 127), Zhao Gou, King Kang, ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) for the sake of Emperor Gaozong. Emperor Gaozong named him Taibao, Ambassador of the National Army and King of Tongan County. On the 5th, he went to Tang Dou to participate in major activities, and was soon promoted to the position of a teacher and navel.

Due to Zhang Bangchang's behavior, courtiers were dissatisfied and people complained. Ever since she became emperor, Queen Meng hated him, saying that he had bewitched the emperor with incense and ordered him to be killed. Zhao Gou sympathized with Zhang Bangchang, but there was nothing he could do because of the unanimous opposition inside and outside the palace. Zhang Bangchang announced before: "Zhang Bangchang's death will not implicate the nine clansmen." Zhang Bangchang was finally executed in Changsha, Hunan.

It is worth mentioning that I have experienced many experiences and tests in important positions in my life, such as Dashicheng, Li Shilang, Shangshu Youcheng and Zhongshu Shilang. Until AD 1 126, officials went to official residence and officials went to diplomats. In his decades of leadership career, he has not made outstanding achievements. The only thing worth mentioning is that he actually. -What a typical flatterer. No wonder Qin Gui later criticized it as "catering exclusively, attaching to party power and committing adultery with the country", which was the chief culprit of "national peril". In AD 1 126, the army of the State of Jin suddenly went south, and 60,000 troops were on a roll, heading for the capital city of Bianliang. At that time, a group of people, headed by Song Qinzong and Zhao Huan, seemed to be frightened by the peak sexually 8 jin j, regardless of the ratio between the enemy and the enemy (there were as many as 200,000 defenders in the capital of song dynasty at that time), so they "resolutely" decided to cede territory for peace. As one of the most determined national leaders who advocated "peace" at that time, Zhang Bangchang was wisely appointed by Song Qinzong as the "land cutting ambassador of Hebei Province", who was responsible for accompanying Zhao Gou, King of Kang, to Jinying as an early "security deposit" for the negotiations-hostage.

This glorious and arduous task was personally delivered by the supreme head of state, which fully reflected the trust and care of the emperor. Anyone who is a little self-motivated will gladly accept it, such as Kang Wang. However, Zhang Bangchang is a villain, a "coward" villain. Therefore, after receiving the imperial edict, he lost his life. For his own life, it is absurd to ask Song Qinzong to make a written commitment to ensure that "the discussion on ceding territory will not be changed"; Song Qinzong was also asked to issue surrender documents first, let him hold them in his arms, and then send them directly to Xu Jinguo. Of course, these absurd demands were neatly rejected one by one.

Although this request has not been fulfilled, it is hard for Zhang Bangchang to imagine that a national leader would do such a brazen thing for his own self-interest. Therefore, it is understandable and logical if the history books include it in the biography of treacherous court officials and the biography of luck, or simply produce a biography of villains alone. The problem is, whether in official history or folklore, Zhang Bangchang is classified as a "traitor" simply because he has been an "emperor" for so many months. This is very unfair to Zhang Bangchang.

In fact, Zhang Bangchang never wanted to be an emperor. On this point, it is clearly recorded in the Compilation of Three Dynasties North Alliance: When told that he would be the candidate for the emperor, Zhang Bangchang explicitly opposed it and resolutely refused. It is a fact that you can't live without telling a lie. You can only allow him to be the prime minister to help the Song Prince manage the country and barely enter the capital. In the end, it was precisely because of the pleading of his hometown folks in Beijing that he reluctantly became the theoretical "emperor".

In fact, despite his shameful behavior within the dynasty, once he entered the Golden Camp and officially became a hostage, Zhang Bangchang's behavior was remarkable, basically showing the demeanor and quality that an excellent diplomatic official should have. Such as and summoned them to discuss this matter respectively, always insisted that the "hostage delegation" composed of himself, Zhao Shu (Kang Wang had been returned by 8 8 Jin J at that time and set up another mountain) and Cao Xusheng was a * * * whole, and it was absolutely impossible to act privately against the discipline of diplomatic work. Finally, Xu Jinguo's special envoy took it away by force.

Besides, Zhang Bangchang has never been an emperor. Although the appointment of the emperor was approved by the officials of the civil and military departments, he didn't pretend to be the emperor at all-he set his office in Wende Hall (the emperor's office is Chenzi Hall and the hanging palace) and put his office tables and chairs in the west (the emperor's seat is in the south). He resolutely prevented court officials from bowing to him. When some officials bow down to please him, he will "bow to the East". He called himself "Yu" instead of "I" when chatting with court officials, and used "calligraphy" instead of "imperial edict" when communicating with official documents. All these fully proved that he always got along with court officials as colleagues and equals (History of Song Dynasty, volume 475).

Wang Shiyong is the main hero who elected him as the emperor, and he can also be said to be his confidant and close friend. However, when Wang Shiyong called him "Your Majesty's" emperor, he scolded him mercilessly (History of the Song Dynasty, Volume 475).

Later, Xu Jinguo's army prepared to return to the north. As an "emperor", he wore mourning clothes, led the officials of the civil and military in the Qing Dynasty, and personally went to bid farewell to Hui and Qin, who were already in the county prison. He was heartbroken and burst into tears, which was completely the etiquette of being a courtier (Chronicle Since the Establishment of Inflammation).

All these behaviors show that Zhang Bangchang's so-called imperial status actually exists only in theory.

The truth of the matter is that, contrary to the conclusion of "traitor" unanimously recognized by later generations, Zhang Bangchang has been making unremitting efforts to overthrow his own rule and realize the restoration of the former dynasty since the first day he became "emperor". Even though Zhang Bangchang was an emperor, his ultimate goal was to restore "old Xie Wang".

Before Jin Jun left, he personally went to visit Yan Zongwang and Yan Zonghan, and put forward seven important suggestions, such as "Don't destroy Zhaoling Temple, only accept gold and silver, keep the building, borrow the East Capital for three years, beg for relocation, surrender as emperor, and borrow gold and silver as reward", and he obtained the permission of the authorities through active diplomatic mediation ("One year has passed since the establishment of Yan", among which only the annual currency was successful.

At the same time, he personally wrote to the Commander-in-Chief of the Jin Army in Zhongshu 8, and successfully won over Zuo Cheng Feng Wei, Zhong Xun, Privy Council officials, Tai Changzao, does assistant minister Tan Shiqi, China calligrapher, and Xu,,, Lu, Huang Xiaqing and other political elites. Sun Fu, who stayed in the former capital, Zhang Shuye, who signed a book in the Privy Council, and Qin Gui, who was in the suggestion, all opposed him as emperor with the fiercest attitude, but regardless of the past, he also asked for books to be released (History of the Song Dynasty, volume 473).

In addition, he also urged the return of the wives of the emperors and princes, hoping to save the royal family with the strategy of "saving the country by curve"-because some wives were pregnant at that time-but unfortunately they were seen through by the politically sensitive sticky Han (Southern Expedition).

Finally, when Jin Jun was finally ready to return to the north, he politely and resolutely rejected the "kindness" of sticking to 10,000 Jin Jun to help him consolidate the ruling order, completely eliminating the hidden danger of violence brought about by the restoration of Zhao and Song Dynasties. It is precisely because of this that he was able to immediately send an envoy Xie Kejia to Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in the former Northern Song Dynasty with an imperial edict after the retreat of 8 Jin J, and respectfully ask Zhao Gou, the sole legal heir of the Dasong Dynasty, to inherit the throne. At the same time, I respectfully ask Queen Yuan You to listen to politics and take charge of the overall situation for the time being before Kang Wang arrives. She retired to Neidongmen Zishantang to be the slaughter, and then went to Nanjing in person, crying and complaining (History of the Song Dynasty, volume 475).

At this point, we can say without hesitation that Zhang Bangchang has never committed any treason from beginning to end. Therefore, it is unfair to say that he is a villain and a disloyal minister.