Mao Yisheng (1896 65438+1October 9-1989 65438+ 10/2) was born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu. Chinese bridge scientist, civil engineer, educator, social activist and scientist. Mao Yisheng, the pioneer of modern bridge engineering in China, built the first modern steel bridge designed and built by China people on the Qiantang River, which set up an immortal monument in the history of bridge engineering in China.
Born into a merchant family.
Mao Yisheng used to be a businessman, and his grandfather Mao Qian was a juren. He is progressive in thought and inclined to revolution. He once founded Nanyang Official Newspaper, a celebrity in Zhenjiang. Shortly after Mao Yisheng was born, the whole family moved to Nanjing. When I was 6 years old, I went to a private school. When I was 7 years old, I studied at No.41 School, the first new primary school in China founded by Nanjing 1903. 19 1 1 entered Jiangnan Business School and was admitted to Tangshan Road and Mining School (that is, Tangshan Jiaotong University, now Southwest Jiaotong University). Those who bet on "*"
Received a master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell University.
19 16 After graduating from Tangshan Institute of Technology, he was sent to study in the United States by Tsinghua School at public expense. 19 17 obtained a master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell University. Because of Mao Yisheng's outstanding performance, Cornell University interviewed and admitted the graduates of Tangshan Jiaotong University, which won honors for the universities in China, especially the alma mater. 192 1 received a doctorate in engineering from the Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, USA. His doctoral thesis "Secondary Stress of Bridge Truss" is called "Mao's Law" and won the "Fittis" Gold Research Medal of Cornell University.
Professor, Tangshan College, Jiaotong University.
192 1 year, at the invitation of Professor Luo, the tutor, he returned to his alma mater and served as professor, vice president and general affairs director of Tangshan College of Jiaotong University. Later, he served as director of engineering at Southeast University (now Nanjing University), president of Hohai University of Technology, president of Tangshan College of Jiaotong University, president of Beiyang Institute of Technology (now Tianjin University), director of engineering department of Qiantang River Bridge in Hangzhou, director of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University, and director of bridge design engineering department of Ministry of Communications of Kuomintang government.
He was the chairman of Beijing Science and Technology Association.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as president of North Jiaotong University (now Beijing Jiaotong University), president of Railway Research Institute, second vice-chairman and honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, chairman of Beijing Association for Science and Technology, member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, third chairman of china civil engineering society, senior member of the 5th-7th China Bridge and Structural Engineering Society of Jiu San Society, and member of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Basic Engineering.
Engineering and technical designers such as Qiantang River Bridge.
In 1930s, Mao Yisheng's achievements in the engineering technology of Qiantang River Bridge made foreign counterparts look at the bridge-building engineers in China with new eyes. In 1950s, during the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Mao Yisheng served as the chairman of the technical advisory committee composed of Chinese and foreign experts, and solved 14 problems in the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge. 1979 When he was invited to visit his alma mater, Carnegie Mellon University, the president awarded him the "Outstanding Alumni" medal in recognition of his contribution to world engineering technology. 1982 was awarded the title of foreign academician by the National Academy of Engineering. 1933, he led the design and construction of Hangzhou Qiantang River Bridge, the first railway and highway bridge designed and built by China people. He also participated in the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the first modern bridge in New China. 1959 served as the head of the structural review team of the Great Hall of the People and contributed his own technology, experience and wisdom to this historic building. Mao Yisheng is an important founder of modern bridge engineering in China. As an educator, Mao Yisheng has served as a professor in five schools, the presidents of two universities and the deans of two colleges during his more than 20 years' educational career. He actively advocated popular science education, and wrote many popular science articles such as Bridge Talk, China Stone Arch Bridge, Secondary Stress of Bridge, Qiantang River Bridge, China Old Bridge and New Bridge.
Edit the main life of this paragraph.
Learn from childhood and make continuous progress.
Mao Yisheng was studious and enterprising since childhood, and was good at independent thinking. /kloc-At the age of 0/0, he celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival, held a dragon boat race in his hometown and visited Mao Yisheng when he was young.
All the contestants stood on Wende Bridge, but he didn't go because of his stomachache. There were so many people on the bridge that it collapsed and many people died and drowned. This unfortunate incident weighed heavily on Mao Yisheng's mind. He secretly made up his mind that when he grew up, he must build the strongest bridge. From then on, whenever Mao Yisheng saw a bridge, whether it was a stone bridge or a wooden bridge, he always saw enough from the deck to the bridge column. After Mao Yisheng went to school, he saw articles and paragraphs about bridges from books, so he copied them in his notebook. When he saw pictures about the bridge, he cut them out and pasted them on. After a long time, he accumulated several thick notebooks.
Presided over the construction of Qiantang River Bridge
1933 to 1937, Mao Yisheng was the director of Qiantang river bridge engineering department, and presided over the construction of the first modern bridge with both highway and railway functions in China-"Qiantang river bridge". He solved the technical problems in bridge construction by "water injection method", "caisson method" and "floating method". Since then, Mao Yisheng has traveled all over the country, and his name has remained all over the country with the newly-built bridge. After five years' efforts, Mao Yisheng finally built the modern Qiantang River Bridge. September 26th is the 65th anniversary of the completion and opening of Qiantang River Bridge. Qiantang River Bridge 1934 started. Zhejiang-jiangxi railway was under construction at that time. In order to connect the Shanghai-Hangzhou railway, a bridge must be built on the Qiantang River. Qiantang River is a famous dangerous river with extremely complicated hydrogeological conditions. Its water potential is not only affected by the upstream flash floods, but also restricted by the downstream tidal fluctuations. In case of typhoon, the river is often rough. The quicksand at the bottom of Qiantang River is 4 1 m thick and unfathomable, and is known as the "bottomless Qiantang River". Therefore, there is a folk proverb that it is impossible to bridge the Qiantang River, and the engineering and technical circles also think that it is very difficult to bridge the Qiantang River. When Mr. Mao Yisheng was a teenager, he was determined to build a bridge, but later he lost to the United States. He specialized in bridges at Cornell University and Kalicky Institute of Technology, and received his doctorate. He was sad to see that all the steel bridges on the rivers of the motherland were built by foreigners. He was determined to live up to the expectations of the people of China and build his own bridge in China. So he faced the difficulties and was appointed as the director of the bridge engineering department. He asked Luo Ying, a classmate of Cornell University, to be the chief engineer, and he was determined to win. The first difficulty in building a bridge is piling. In order to stabilize the bridge foundation, it is necessary to drive 1440 piles in 9 piers, which pass through the sediment with a thickness of 4 1 m and stand on the stone layer. The sand layer is thick and hard, so it can't go down lightly, but it is broken when it is heavy. Inspired by watering flowerpots to flush the soil out of small holes, Mao Yisheng adopted the "water jet method" of pumping water on thick and hard sediment to punch deep holes and then piling, and only 1 pile was driven day and night, which greatly accelerated the construction progress. The second difficulty in bridge construction is that the water flow is fast and the construction is difficult. Mao Yisheng invented the "caisson method", that is, the mouth of a box made of reinforced concrete sinks into the water, covers it at the bottom of the river, and then uses high-pressure air to squeeze out the water in the box. Workers dig sand in the box, so that caissons and stakes gradually merge into one. Build a dock on a caisson. It is not easy to place caissons. At the beginning, a caisson was washed downstream by the river, pushed upstream by the tide and scurried up and down. Later, the 3-ton iron anchor was changed to 10 ton, and the caisson problem was solved. The third difficulty is to erect steel beams. Mao Yisheng adopts the "floating method" which skillfully uses natural forces. The steel beam is transported between the two piers by boat at high tide, and falls on the two piers at low tide, which saves labor and time and greatly speeds up the progress. Qiantang River Bridge is a bridge that has been baptized by War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. At the end of the bridge construction, the war of resistance between Songhu and Shanghai was tight, and Japanese planes often bombed. On one occasion, Mao Yisheng was discussing problems with several engineers and supervisors in the caisson of Pier 6, and suddenly all the lights in the caisson went out. It turned out that the lights on the construction site were turned off because of the Japanese plane bombing. Despite the enemy's bombing, Qiantang River Bridge was finally completed and opened to traffic on September 26th 1937. After the completion of Qiantang River Bridge, it has made outstanding contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The inscription on the bridge tablet records this tragic historical fact: "When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, railways and highways were opened to traffic day and night under the bombardment of enemy planes. There are countless vehicles supporting the Anti-Japanese War in Songhu and Shanghai, rushing to transport the evacuated materials and waiting for the people to cross the river safely, with hundreds of thousands. In the later stage of construction, knowing that the war situation was unfavorable, the explosive was buried together with the five-hole steel beam because empty holes were reserved on the pier that was the most difficult to repair. It was not until Hangzhou was neglected to guard and the enemy rode close that it was determined to detonate on 19371February 23rd. At that time, Mr. Wang left the oath of "no more bridges, no more husbands" and brought his own drawings and materials to the rear. " In order to stop the enemy, Mao Yisheng was ordered to blow up the bridge he built. What a tragic scene. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mao Yisheng fulfilled his oath and presided over the restoration of the bridge. Mr Mao Yisheng has been in charge of building, bombing and repairing bridges. Qiantang River Bridge was built in the anti-Japanese bonfire and regenerated in the world of peaceful construction. He not only wrote an epic page in the Chinese nation's struggle against foreign invaders, but also played an important role in the country's economic construction. He connected the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway with zhejiang-jiangxi railway and turned Qiantang River from a moat into a thoroughfare. Since it was opened to traffic for 65 years, she has made immortal contributions to the development of transportation and the prosperity of local economy in China. Qiantang River Bridge is not only a milestone in the history of Chinese bridge construction, but also the cradle of Chinese bridge engineers. Mr. Mao Yisheng turned the construction site into a school, absorbed a large number of students majoring in civil engineering to participate in engineering practice, and trained a number of bridge engineering talents for the country. Some responsible persons of some important bridge projects in China, such as Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge and Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, have all experienced the baptism of Qiantang River Bridge construction. Qiantang River Bridge has demonstrated to the whole world the intelligence of China's scientific and technological workers and the ability of the Chinese nation to stand on its own feet among the nations of the world. The great patriotism, pioneering spirit of scientific and technological innovation, struggling spirit of overcoming all difficulties and obstacles, and enterprising spirit shown by the pioneers of bridge engineering in China in the construction of Qiantang River Bridge will always be valuable spiritual wealth that inspires us to make unremitting efforts for the prosperity and strength of the motherland.
Chairman of Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge
From 1955 to 1957, Mao Yisheng was the chairman of the Technical Advisory Committee of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, and he accepted the task of building the first Yangtze River Bridge in China. 1September, 1955, the bridge was officially started and completed on September 25th, 1957, one year and three months ahead of schedule. 19571June15th, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is a double-deck steel truss bridge for highway and railway. The upper floor is a highway bridge with a width of 22.5 meters, of which the roadway width is 18 meters; The lower floor is a railway bridge with a width of 18m. The length of the main bridge is1155.5m, and the total length is1670.4m together with the highway approach bridges at both ends. The bridge connects Jing-Han Railway and Yue-Han Railway, becoming the traffic artery running through the north and south of China, connecting the three towns of Wuhan into a whole, and ensuring the integration of the north-south railway and highway network in China.
The construction of the Great Hall of the People should be guaranteed by his signature.
When the Great Hall of the People was built in Beijing from 65438 to 0958, Premier Zhou Enlai pointed out: "Mao Yisheng needs to sign the guarantee." Party and state leaders have great trust in Mao Yisheng, and Mao Yisheng is extremely responsible for the Party's work. He made a comprehensive review and accounting of the structural design of the Great Hall of the People, and finally signed it.
Outstanding achievements in one's life
Mao Yisheng studied, built and wrote bridges all his life. Published more than 200 articles in Chinese and foreign newspapers and periodicals. He presided over the compilation of "Technical History of Ancient Bridges in China" and "Bridges in China-From Ancient Times to the Present" (in Japanese, English, French, German and Spanish). He is the author of Qiantang River Bridge, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Selected Works of Popular Science in Mao Yisheng (I and II) and Mao Yisheng's Works.
Dedicated his life to the bridge construction of the motherland.
Since 1954, he has been elected as a member of the first to fifth China People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the National People's Congress and a member of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). 1987 10, gloriously joined the China * * * production party. He has made outstanding contributions to the bridge construction in China and the world. 1989165438+10/2 died.
Edit this passage by personal influence in Mao Yisheng.
Knowing the importance of engineering talents to the motherland, Mao Yisheng decided to engage in engineering education in Mao Yisheng's later years after returning home.
I immediately went to my alma mater to teach at the invitation of my teacher Professor Luo, and since then I have been teaching in Southeast University and Beiyang University for a long time, and I have held leadership positions in these schools. Mao Yisheng served as the president or vice president of his alma mater, Tangshan Jiaotong University, for four times at 192 1, 1926, 1938 and 1950. In particular, he left his alma mater for the third time (from 1938 to 1942), which coincided with War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and made outstanding contributions to the southward migration of his alma mater. From 65438 to 0942, after Mao Yisheng left his alma mater, he went to Guiyang as the director of the bridge design and engineering department to set up the China Bridge Company. Focusing on the future, he absorbed colleagues from Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Office and engineers and technicians who are interested in further study into the bridge company, and trained them to become the technical backbone of bridge construction. After the founding of New China, Mao Yisheng once again returned to his alma mater to teach as the president of North Jiaotong University, which consists of National Tangshan Institute of Technology, Beiping Railway Management Institute (now Beijing Jiaotong University) and North China Jiaotong University. During his tenure as principal, he made great improvements in school management, teaching system, course facilities and teaching equipment, which made the school full of vitality and prosperity, and was deeply supported and loved by teachers and students. Mao Yisheng is well aware of the importance of scientific and technological progress to national construction. 1952 accepted the post of president (later president) of railway vocational and technical college. At this time, although he was over 500 years old, he still started the railway research institute with extraordinary energy and efforts. Mao Yisheng was one of the earliest scientists engaged in popular science. 1950 the all-China association for popularizing science and technology was established, and he was elected as the vice chairman. He is the most diligent popular science writer. Among his more than 200 published works, works and articles on popular science work account for about 1/3. His article "There is no bridge that can't be built" won the first prize of the National New Long March Scientific Creation in 198 1. In order to strengthen international scientific and technological exchanges and enhance China's international prestige, he led a delegation to visit Czech Republic, Soviet Union, Italy, Switzerland, France, Portugal, Britain, Sweden, Japan and the United States, and gave academic reports. He made great efforts to unite overseas Chinese intellectuals and called on scientific and technological workers on both sides of the strait to build an approach bridge for the reunification of the motherland, which greatly inspired overseas Chinese and compatriots in Hong Kong and Taiwan. Mao Yisheng initiated the heuristic teaching method of "students test teachers", devoted himself to education reform all his life, published more than 20 papers such as "Research on Engineering Education", advocated "learning before learning, learning while learning", and combined theory with the reality of the education system. Masterpieces: Technical History of Ancient Bridges in China and Bridges in China-From Ancient Times to the Present (Japanese, English, French, German and Spanish). He is the author of Qiantang River Bridge, Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, Selected Works of Popular Science in Mao Yisheng (I and II) and Mao Yisheng's Works. Mao Yisheng said: "Bridges are the most common and special buildings since ancient times."
Editing this passage, Mao Yisheng created the "Chinese Stone Arch Bridge"
Selected as a junior high school Chinese textbook to become a model essay.
The article "Stone Arch Bridge in China" is a short article published in People's Daily on March 4th, 1962/kloc-0, and it was later selected as a junior middle school Chinese textbook, which is still in use today. In recent years, many middle school teachers have written or visited me to reflect some situations of classroom teaching. Educator Professor Ye Cangcen once worked for Mao Yisheng.
The problem of preparing lessons for this class and my four letters for advice. Some of the answers I gave are reproduced in publications related to Chinese teaching. Nowadays, Chinese textbooks contain articles from all sides, and their knowledge is extremely broad. From the young and middle-aged teachers I contacted, I deeply felt that their research on each model essay was serious and meticulous. I was deeply moved by this spirit. Recently, the comrades of Zhengzhou Teaching Communication Editorial Department intend to publish a book "Writers Talk about Middle School Chinese Texts", asking me to talk about the creative process. I don't deserve the title of writer, but because of the above situation, it is beneficial to take this opportunity to recall the conceptual activities when writing this article, if it helps the teaching effect required by the majority of Chinese teachers.
Stone arch bridge is one of the three basic types of traditional bridges in China.
First of all, this article is about the stone arch bridge in China. Stone arch bridge is one of the three basic types of traditional bridges in China. Stone arch bridge system is diverse. The two bridges written in this paper are outstanding representative works among millions of stone arch bridges. For thousands of years, stone arch bridges have spread all over the country. With the development of economy and culture, they have made rapid progress. They are an integral part of China's splendid ancient culture and have won honor for the motherland in the world. Up to now, a large number of ancient bridges are well preserved, which can be said to be the historical testimony of the exquisite skills of bridge builders in past dynasties, and also show the wisdom and strength of the working people in China. An ancient bridge can stand the test of natural disasters and wars and has not been broken for thousands of years. It is a miracle that it has not only been preserved as a monument, but also maintained its inherent functions. Of course, it is also due to the hard repair of the past dynasties, and this repair activity often comes from the folk's love and protection of the bridge. There are many stories about this social fashion in the history of Chinese bridges, which is worth telling. China is regarded as an ancient country with many bridges. This historical concept and quantitative concept, as well as a fairly intuitive impression, are all aspects of knowledge that need to be involved in understanding Chinese stone arch bridges. If these vivid historical facts are removed, not only is the connotation empty, but what can one or two isolated bodies tell us?
The position of stone arch bridge in the history of Chinese bridge development
Secondly, the stone arch bridge appeared late in the history of bridge development in China, but once it appeared, it developed rapidly. Even after modern railway and highway bridge engineering technology was introduced to China in 1880, it still maintained its vigorous vitality and made greater development through the combination of modern engineering theory and new building materials. The two bridges introduced in this paper have been in Zhao Zhouqiao for 1400 years, and Lugou Bridge has stood on the turbulent Yongding River for nearly 700 years. Both of them are magnificent and sturdy, and they still maintain their original styles and can be used by heavy vehicles. The bronze statue of Mao Yisheng, a young stone bridge, is famous at home and abroad.
This is rare. Zhao Zhouqiao's open-shouldered creation was seven centuries earlier than that of the West. The reason why it can last for a long time shows that the design and construction are scientific. Another example is the shallow foundation and short abutment in Zhao Zhouqiao. Many modern engineers are amazed because it survived many earthquakes and floods, which is no accident. Zhang Tang Jia Zhen said in the preface of Stone Bridge: "This is strange, and people don't know why." This evaluation is almost the same as that of engineering scholars in the 20th century, and it is highly skilled, which can be seen here. In a large number of historical facts, the technical achievements of ancient stone arch bridge "saving materials, skillful structure and high strength" are summarized, which is the consistent goal pursued by bridges and any buildings at home and abroad. At the beginning of the 6th century, China's skillful craftsmen displayed their intelligence and made bold innovations, and their brilliant achievements were worthy of pride.
Stone arch bridge still has development prospects today.
Thirdly, bridging the bridge across the water, the beauty of artistic conception, the beauty of carving and decoration, and the diversity of styles are also the national traditions that embody China's aesthetic standards. No matter the size of the building, the technology should be improved, just like painting, there can be no failure. Since the prevalence of grotto statues, ancient masons have had a set of superb skills and a certain level of artistic design. The railings in Zhao Zhouqiao and the stone lions in Lugou Bridge are both famous for their artistic treasures, which is also a desirable tradition of Chinese stone arch bridges and has a far-reaching influence on the decoration of modern stone arch bridges. The stone arch bridge in China has made some achievements in ancient times, and it still has development prospects today. What used to be useful is still working today. Therefore, it is a precious heritage, showing the industriousness, courage and outstanding talents of the working people in our country. We will certainly make greater achievements in the cause of modern bridges. (Selected from Text Analysis Collection, Guangdong Education Press, 1984 edition)
Edit the section of Mao Yisheng and Qiantang River Bridge.
When it comes to Qiantang River Bridge, people will think that Qiantang River Bridge is located near Pagoda of Six Harmonies.
Think of Mao Yisheng. Mao Yisheng himself recalled many years later: "From 19 19 to 12, I returned to China to serve the society. In the journey of decades, the most striking work I have done is to preside over the construction of Qiantang River Bridge. " Qiantang River Bridge was built in the anti-Japanese bonfire, which not only wrote an epic page in the Chinese nation's struggle against foreign invaders, but also has a milestone significance in the history of Chinese bridge construction and is also the cradle of Chinese bridge engineers. But the legend of this bridge is the most unforgettable. In 1930s, zhejiang-jiangxi railway, which was under construction, needed to build a bridge over the Qiantang River to connect with the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway. 1934, Mao Yisheng, then director of Qiantang River Bridge Engineering Department, was appointed to be responsible for the first steel bridge project built by China people themselves. In the past, there were some bridges on the Dachuan River in China, but they were all made by foreigners: Jinan Yellow River Bridge was made by Germans, Bengbu Huaihe River Bridge was made by Americans, and Harbin Songhua River Bridge was made by Russians ... As you can imagine, Mao Yisheng shoulders an unprecedented responsibility, and he will use his wisdom to prove that China people have the ability to build modern bridges. Qiantang River, also known as Qianjiang River, is located at the mouth of the sea. The tidal current is swift and surging. Qian Jiangchao standing at the head of the tide and unstable sediment changing with the current are two major problems in bridge construction. Mao Yisheng overcame many difficulties in the process of building the bridge. He used the methods of "water injection", "caisson" and "drifting away" to solve the technical problems in bridge construction and ensure the progress of the bridge project. By 1937, when the bridge was about to be completed, the "August 13th" war broke out in Shanghai! Qiantang River Bridge was baptized by the fierce fire of the Anti-Japanese War before it was put into use. Mao Yisheng said that on the second day of "August13", that is, August 14, three Japanese planes bombed the construction site. At that time, he was discussing with several engineers and supervisors in the caisson 30 meters under Pier 6. Suddenly, all the lights in the caisson went out and it was dark. It turned out that the lights on the construction site were turned off because of the Japanese plane bombing. This Japanese bombing is the first time in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Before the project was completed, the war had burned to the Qiantang River. At this time, there is still an unfinished pier in the river, and two steel beams on the pier cannot be installed. In the next 40 days, the workers who built the bridge United as an enemy. With great patriotic enthusiasm, they braved the dust of the enemy bomb explosion to speed up the work day and night. On the morning of September 26th, 1937, the first train arrived. On the opening day, trains loaded with a large number of arms and materials began to cross the bridge one after another. Since then, the anti-Japanese war situation in Shanghai has become increasingly tense. In the same year, on the afternoon of 165438+1October16, an instructor of Nanjing Engineering School found Mao Yisheng in the Bridge Engineering Office, showed him a top-secret document of the Nanjing government, briefly introduced the current grim situation, and said, "If Hangzhou is not guaranteed, the Qiantang River Bridge will be Japanese!" In the documents of the Nanjing government, it is necessary to blow up the Qianjiang Bridge. People in Nanjing also revealed that the explosives and blasting equipment needed to blow up the bridge have been transported directly from Nanjing, just outside the car. It is really a sad thing to blow up the bridge that has been built hard for two and a half years and the railway that has just been opened to traffic. Mao Yisheng is going through the most painful moment in his life. After discussion and careful consideration with engineers and technicians, the bridge blasting scheme was finally decided. That night, all the explosives were placed on the steel bars of the second pier and the five-hole steel beam on the south bank. 100 More than one lead wire was connected from one explosion point to another, and all the five-hole piers of the bridge were blown up with only one command. 165438+1October 17 in the early morning, Mao Yisheng received an order from the Zhejiang provincial government. Due to the influx of refugees into Hangzhou, the ferry was simply not enough, and the highway part of Qiantang River Bridge had to be opened to traffic on the same day. The Zhejiang provincial government didn't know that explosives had just been installed on the bridge at this time, so the matter was highly confidential. The pavement of Da Qiao Highway was paved more than a month ago, but it has not been opened for fear of enemy bombing. Why is it called opening to traffic now? It turns out that from Saburo Temple in Hangzhou to Xixing, there are generally 10,000 to 20,000 people crossing the river. After the Shanghai War broke out, more people crossed the river. It is not enough to cross the river by boat. Unexpectedly 16 another ship sank, and there were too many people waiting to cross the river. Coupled with the more tense war, the situation is grim, so the provincial government decided to open the bridge. On that day, the bridge was fully opened to traffic. On this day, people who got the news came from Hangzhou and Ningbo. Thousands of people came to the Qiantang River under Pagoda of Six Harmonies, and even Pagoda of Six Harmonies was crowded with people. When the first car crossed the bridge, hundreds of thousands of people on both sides of the strait applauded and cheered. The scene was very touching. But who knows, hundreds of kilograms of explosives were put on the bridge at this time, and the bridge designed and built by China people themselves was already facing the fate of being blown up on the day it was built! On February 22nd, 65438, the Japanese army attacked Wu Kang and defended Fuyang, and Hangzhou was in danger. Needless to say, pedestrians crossing the south of Qianjiang Bridge. On the railway side, Shanghai-Nanjing has been closed to traffic, and Qianjiang Bridge has become a retreat. According to the estimation of the railway bureau at that time, more than 300 locomotives and more than 2,000 trucks passed the bridge on the 22nd. The next day, February 23rd, 1937, 1937, the Japanese army began to attack Hangzhou. At 1 that afternoon, Mao Yisheng finally received the order: blow up the bridge. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon, all the preparations for bombing the bridge were ready. Standing on the bridge, he looked at the refugees coming from the darkness on the bridge, and his heart was filled with anger against the Japanese aggressors. At 5 o'clock in the evening, the dust raised by the Japanese cavalry was faintly visible. Mao Yisheng ordered the bridge to be closed, no traffic allowed, and blasting was carried out! With a loud noise, this 1.453-meter-long Wolong was cut off from six places. After 925 days of intense construction day and night, this modern bridge cost 6.5438+0.6 million US dollars, and only existed for 89 days. On the night when the bridge was bombed, Mao Yisheng wrote eight words on his desk: "The Anti-Japanese War will win, and this bridge will be restored"; He also wrote a poem, "The color of the battle between the earth and the wind suddenly changed, the bridge was torn, the five elements were short of fire, and the bridge and husband were not restored." After the bridge was bombed, all the bridge engineering offices were evacuated, and Mao Yisheng was evacuated with all the charts, papers, photos and other 14 boxes of important information during the construction of Qiantang River Bridge. During the whole War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Mao Yisheng family abandoned many things on the way to escape the war, but these precious materials were preserved and handed over to the Shanghai Railway Bureau and the Zhejiang Provincial Archives after liberation, which became treasures in the national key archives, saving a lot of money for finding out the hydrological situation in Hangzhou and building the second Qianjiang Bridge. This is another story. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression won, and Mao Yisheng was ordered to build the bridge. 1March, 948, the restoration project was completed, and the Qiantang River Bridge flew to the top of the Qiantang River again. At this point, the Qianjiang Bridge project presided over by Mao Yisheng has experienced three periods of bridge construction, bridge explosion and bridge repair in 14, which is unprecedented in the history of bridge construction at home and abroad.
Edit this passage of Mao Yisheng's personal honor.
In 1930s, he presided over the design and organized the construction of Qiantang River Highway-Railway Bridge, which became a milestone in the history of railway bridges in China and made outstanding contributions to bridge construction in China. He presided over china academy of railway sciences for more than 30 years and made outstanding contributions to the progress of railway science and technology. He is a pioneer who actively advocates the application of soil mechanics in engineering. As early as 1930s, when he was the dean of Tangshan Institute of Technology of Jiaotong University, he taught soil mechanics to the Department of Civil Engineering, and was a pioneer in introducing soil mechanics into China. In engineering education, we advocate heuristic education methods, insist on integrating theory with practice, devote ourselves to educational reform, and cultivate a large number of scientific and technological talents for the country. He has been the leader of the institute for a long time and is one of the founders of engineering academic groups in China.
This passage edited by Mao Yisheng.
Mao Yisheng Star, an asteroid numbered 18550, was discovered in June1997+1October 9 by the observation base of the National Astronomical Observatory in Xinglong County, Hebei Province. This day is Mr Mao Yisheng's birthday. In order to commemorate Mao Yisheng's outstanding contribution to China's bridge engineering construction, science and technology, education and popular science, the National Astronomical Observatory applied to the International Asteroid Center for permanent naming as "Mao Yisheng Star". 65438+200610.9 is the birthday anniversary of Mao Yisheng, the founder and famous scientist of modern bridge science in China. The National Astronomical Observatory of Chinese Academy of Sciences announced that the asteroid discovered by scientists in China was named "Mao Yisheng Star".