Lumbar spondylolisthesis refers to the partial or total slippage of the upper vertebral body on the surface of the lower vertebral body due to the abnormal connection between vertebral bodies. Simply put, lumbar spondylolisthesis refers to the forward or backward displacement of one vertebral body on another. Lumbar spondylolisthesis is generally anterior spondylolisthesis and posterior spondylolisthesis, which mainly occurs in the fifth and fourth lumbar vertebrae, accounting for about 95%, of which the incidence of the fifth lumbar vertebrae is 82~90%, and other lumbar vertebrae are rare. The etiology of lumbar spondylolisthesis is still unclear. A large number of studies show that congenital developmental defects and chronic strain or stress injury are two possible important reasons, which are generally considered as follows:

Traumatic lumbar isthmus can cause acute fracture due to acute trauma, especially post-stretching trauma, which is more common in competitive sports venues or strong labor porters. Congenital genetic factors The lumbar spine has ossification centers of vertebral body and vertebral arch at birth, and there are two ossification centers on both sides of the vertebral arch, one of which develops into the superior articular process and pedicle, and the other develops into the inferior articular process, lamina and spinous process. If there is bone nonunion between the two, congenital isthmus rupture will be formed, also known as isthmus nonunion, and pseudoarthritis will be formed locally. After walking, standing can make the upper spine slide forward, which is called spondylolisthesis; Abnormal development of the upper sacrum or L5 vertebral arch can also lead to spondylolisthesis, and its isthmus does not crack. Fatigue fracture or chronic strain From the biomechanical point of view, the lower lumbar spine bears a large load when the human body stands. The component force leading to forward movement acts on the isthmus with relatively weak bone, and long-term repeated action can lead to fatigue fracture and chronic strain. Degenerative factors, due to long-term instability or stress increase in the back, make the corresponding small joints wear and tear, undergo degenerative changes, and the joints suddenly become a level. In addition, intervertebral disc degeneration, intervertebral instability and anterior longitudinal ligament relaxation gradually lead to spondylolisthesis, but the isthmus remains intact, so it is also called pseudo-spondylolisthesis. More common after the age of 50. The incidence of female is three times that of male, which is more common in L4, followed by L5 vertebral body, and the degree of spondylolisthesis is generally less than 30%. Pathological fracture is a systemic or local disease, which involves the vertebral arch, isthmus and upper and lower articular processes, making the posterior structure of vertebral body lose stability and causing pathological spondylolisthesis. Local bone lesions may be tumors or inflammation. Patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis should maintain correct posture at work, massage the waist and legs from time to time, or do gymnastics to relieve the tension of the waist muscles. Maintain good living habits, prevent cold in the waist and legs, and prevent overwork. If there are symptoms of nerve root compression, it is necessary to decompress the nerve root canal and spinal canal to eliminate the pain and numbness of lower limbs caused by lumbar spondylolisthesis. And pay attention to rest, let the pressure accumulated in various parts of the body be released, ensure the coordination of the body, and reduce the chances of various acute pains.